• American Studies
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.1-37
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• 2021

J.D. Salinger's 1951 novel, Catcher in the Rye, has generally been known as a story of a young rebel, Holden Caulfield, who tries to break away from reality in the fifties, a decade prevalent with the strict rule and faultfinding culture of what he is taught at school: to simplify and unify. This novel often refers to a journey of an outsider who commits to playing a catcher in the rye, a fantasy world of innocence, infinity, and youth. As the story unfolds, Holden's ontology is rendered to show how vulnerable his affective ontology is to the ideological reality of containment and conformity. This informs how Holden is a pathological character that reifies the performative crisis of the postwar US Cold War ideology. That said, this paper examines the extent to which this novel can be possibly read as a narrative of illness to expose Holden's pathological conditions of illness, hysteria, and psychosis. Thus, it looks at his medical symptoms whose pathogens I attempt to analyze in terms of his affective potential of being ontologically engaged to the historical context, or the political unconscious, of the postwar US in the early Cold War years.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.37-54
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• 1999

This study was initiated to evaluate the seasonal turf performance in a tree shade and to suggest shade-tolerant turfgrasses suitable for domestic climate conditions. Atotal of 21 trufgrasses were tested, comprising of Korean lawngrass, shade-tolerant fine fescues, and newly-developed, shade-tolerant varieties of cool-season grasses. Dirrerences in shade tolerance were observed among varieties, species, and genera. Overall turf performance of C3 turfgrasses was better than that of C4 Korean lawngrass under a tree shade. Coarse-type fescues were excellent in shade tolerance, bluegrasses good, ryegrasses medium, fine-type fescues fair, and zoysiagrasses poor, respectively. Inter-species comparison in relative index of shade tolerance(IRST) demonstrated that tall fescue and fough bluegrass were greatest of 7.3, Poa supina 6.4, perennial ryegrass 5.0, Kentucky bluegrass 4.8, and fine fescues least, respectively. A great variation in RIST was observed with fine fescues; creeping red fescue was 3.6, chewings fescue 2.5, hard fescue 2.1, and sheep fescue 1.4, respectively. Among 21 turfgrasses evaluated, tall fescue 'Rebel Jr.', 'Era', and 'Oixie' and rough bluegrass 'Sabre' were the shade-tolerant varieties under a tree shade in Korea. Tall fescue, 'Rebel Jr.' was considered as the most shade-tolerant variety in the experiment. Fine fescues as creeping red fescue, chewings fescue, hare fescue, and sheep fescue, used as the shade-tolerant species in a cool climate of Europe and North America, were not suitable under domestic climate conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.91-100
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of T-shirt as a movie costume on the modem mass fashion. The way of study is to analyze the changes of men's image with T-shirt as Hollywood actors costume in 50's and 60's. The costumes create the characters with meanings and symbols moreover they lead fashion as well as promoting artistic value of films. At the end of the 19th century, this shirt learnt the ropes in the U.S. Navy well before it won the hearts of sportsmen and workers alike, with its twin virtues of comforts and hygiene. When American soldiers returned home after World War II showing their T-shirts in the sweltering heat of the Tropics, their shirts were as heroic as they were. Furthermore the new stars of Hollywood, going by such names as Marlon Brando and James Dean, gave the T-shirt its rebel cachet and showed the whole world. Be it tom open on Marlon Brando's torso in Elia Kazan's 'A Streetcar Named Desire', or peeping out dazzlingly white from under James Dean's red jacket in 'Rebel Without a Cause', the T-shirt flaunted its sexuality and emanated the sweet smell or revolt. It would be the banner of rebellion for a whole generation. The T-shirt had finally found its way into the history of fashion and was there to stay.d was there to stay.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.153-159
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• 2020

Rebels emerge after the late Joseon. Hong Gyung-rae will fight against the military by gathering dissatisfaction forces with regional and status discrimination. Gasan supervisor Jung - Si in the first battle. He urged him to surrender and participate in the rebellion, but Jung - Si refused to die. Surrounding officials did not protest and surrendered to the rebels. When Hong Gyeong-rae's rebellion subsided, the most damaging thing was the death of 2,000 people who were deceived and joined by Hong Gyeong-rae's propaganda. There would have been no death of the innocent people if the officials in charge of the government had actively defended them at the beginning of the rebellion. There is a need for a historical study on the time of the Gasan supervisor Jung-Si, who refused to surrender to the rebels and fought with death.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.337-357
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• 2009

Ned Kelly, the bushranger, is a legendary figure of special significance to the Australians of today. The Aussies' affection for this "horse thief" derives from the fact that the latter has become a national ideal of the "battler" who does not give up in the face of hardships. Peter Carey's is considered to be one of the "national narratives" that not only heroize but also give voice to the Irish rebels who fought for "fair go" in the colonial Australia. However, this paper asserts that there are more to the novel than merely paying a tribute to the national icon, especially when the novel is examined in the context of the "republic controversy." In 1999, the preceding year of the novel's publication, Australia had a national referendum on the issue of whether or not to secede from the Commonwealth. Due to the procedural manipulation of the royalist ruling party, republicanism was voted down. At the time when the majority of Australians were irate with the result of the referendum, Carey's retelling of the supposedly anti-British rebel failed to promote the lost cause. This paper investigates how the narrativization of the legendary figure, whose anti-British and anti-authoritarian attitude can be easily translated into the cause of republicanism, came to appeal to the general reading public. In so doing, this paper compares Carey's novel with the historical Kelly's two epistles: Jerilderie and Cameron Letter. This comparison brings to light what is left out in the process of Carey's narrativization of the rebel's life: the subversive militant voice of an Irish nationalist. The conclusion of this paper is that the possibility for Kelly's life to surface again in the 21st century as a sort of counter-memory is contained by Carey through its inclusion in a highly personalized domestic narrative.

• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.101-132
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• 2019

Why do some local rebel groups choose to form asymmetric alliances with large transnational terrorist organizations? This paper examines asymmetric terrorist alliance patterns by studying the international ties of domestic insurgencies in Southeast Asia. It uses data from Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand to construct a theory defining the determinants of the choice of alliance strategies by terrorist groups. The findings conclude that rebels with limited aims prefer to act alone out of fear of entrapment. They are cautious of becoming associated with the struggle of transnational radical groups and provoking organized response from international and regional counterterrorism authorities. Local groups are more likely to seek alliance with an established movement when they have ambitious final objectives, challenging the core interests of the target state. In this case, the benefits of training and logistic support provided by an experienced organization outweigh the costs of becoming a target for coordinated counterterrorist campaign.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.227-250
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• 2013

Jeongsa-gongshin-nokgwon (定社功臣錄券) is a document issued during the reign of King Taejong. The king appointed the vassals of merit who suppressed the First Rebel of Prince in 1398 as Jeongsa-gongshin (定社功臣) and gave them titles and rewards as described in the Jeongsa-gongshin-nokgwon document. This study explores the reasons and process of the rewards given to the vassals by way of the existing copy of Jeongsa-gongshin-nokgwon. The form and organization of the document were analyzed in detail. The titles given to the vassals were classified into each grade and their characteristics were sought. The content of the document was also analyzed in detail. The result of the study suggested the following. Jeongsa-gongshin-nokgwon is a manuscript and it consists of 3 parts: introduction (卷首), main text (本文), and ending (卷末). Names and titles given to 29 vassals of merit are listed of which 12 vassals were first grade and 17 vassals were second grade. The ranks of first-grade vassals of merit were higher than the ranks of second-grade vassals of merit. In the first-grade vassals of merit, there were relatively more relatives of the king. The rewards and privileges given to them were different, depending on their grade. The content of regulation was also different within the same grade, depending on the person. The formation and names of government officers, who worked in the temporary office in charge of rewards to the vassals of merit (Gongshin-dogam, 功臣都監), were verified by the approval signatures and last names found in Jeongsa-gongshin-nokgwon.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.139-164
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• 2002

The objective of this Paper was to identify the internal and external symbols of Punks, and to assess the significance of punk style giving an inspiration to many high fashion designers. For this objective. comprehension on widely discussed idea of punk, furthermore grasping the internal and external form by inquiring historically punk look, and importantly looking into new ideas pursued by punk fashion by studying traits of punk image in 1980's and after are done. Punk in the latter half of the 70's was anti-fashion expressed for the young of working class to rebel against the established generation. At first some of the fashion was popularized by the young who imitated pop stars under the specific economy of Britain, and others with movement of hippie Punk is aesthetics extremism which neglects traditionalism in the past but pursues newness. It denied traditional way of expression and principles of aesthetics but created newness. Punk look was symbolized as poor look. grotesque, androgynous, black, graffiti, and bricolage. And the internal meanings of these symbols are ego-screaming, expression of nihilism, resistance, irony and ridicule, search for hedonism. The punk phenomenon continues today. Some teens still cling to the complete look. whether they have punks' idea and value or not. Diverse elements of punk style play a major role in the current trend of fashion and a source of the fresh inspiration for the high fashion designers. Punk style is truly the story of a fad that turned to fashion.

• Architectural research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2013

The purpose of this paper is to reconsider and revaluate Ste. Genevieve Library designed by Henri Labrouste as a criticism of Classicism. Considered as the epitome of the early structural Rationalism the modern historian tried to focus only on the iron structure of the library. Arguably, the structural concern was one of the ideas that the architect wanted to manifest in the library. As a rebel against a view of the Acad$\acute{e}$mie des Beaux-Art the notions of H. Labrouste were radical. He criticized an autistic Classicism with an echoing Claude Perrault's doubt about the myth of classical beauty. These radical ideas firstly showed in his report of the Grand Prix de Rome and must have been developed through several discussions for a novel: Notre-Dame de Paris by V. Hugo. 'Ceci tuera cela', one of the chapter of the novel, was generally known as the death of architecture due to the invention of the printing press around Renaissance period. We, however, consider that even though the historical background of the novel is the Gothic period the ideas, which was discussed with Labrouste, related to the death of architecture was not the architecture itself but classical architecture recomposed during Renaissance period. As the first design work the library must be reflected his ideas, which were developed, and manifested his criticism of the Classicism indirectly.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.805-819
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• 2011

In contemporary society, heterotopia is the law dominates thoughts and is the concept reconstituted spaces calls order in chaos. And that is the place which refuses the paradoxical and social custom and sometimes poses a danger and rise in rebel. The purpose of this study is to study how forms of clothing fluid form images are expressed in modern fashion develop body around in the spatial relationship between the body and its environment. The study method consider changed characterastics of fluid space through the heterotopia thinking system of Foucault Michel. Based on this method, the heterotopia space that appeared in the plastic arts in aspects of artistic significance and aesthetic value was examined. Based on the above discussion on modern fashion Fluid Form were expressed in any formative characteristics were considered. The results of this study are as follows. Fluidity is the transformed interaction. It expanded external representation of organic body structure and reconstructed flexible forms of dynamic structures continuously. Transformation is the new space structure. It constructed invisible transformation and developed convertible dress space by combining a variety of functional overlap and fold. Deconstruction was expressed structural forms, expanding the existing forms in the open structure which have ambiguous boundaries.