• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.63-67
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• 2022

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma confined to the central nervous system. Its diagnosis requires a stereotactic biopsy, which is an invasive procedure. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis is less invasive and easier to perform than a stereotactic biopsy. We hereby report a PCNSL case diagnosed using CSF analysis and treated with systemic chemotherapy.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.49-53
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• 2023

In this paper, we propose an antirandom pattern-based test method considering power consumption to compensate for the problem that the fault coverage through random test decreases or the test time increases significantly when the DUT circuit structure is complex or large. In the proposed method, a group unit test pattern generation process and rearrangement process are added to improve the problems of long calculation time and high-power consumption, which are disadvantages of the previous antirandom test.

• 한국방송∙미디어공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방송∙미디어공학회 2020년도 하계학술대회
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• pp.266-268
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• 2020

본 논문에서는 dense point cloud 의 평면영역에서 발생하는 bump 을 줄이기 위한 방법을 제시한다. 이상적인 point cloud 의 평면영역에서 점의 위치의 차이가 균일하다는 특성을 이용하여 점의 위치를 재구성하는 방식을 제시한다. 또한 더 작은 개수의 점으로 물체를 나타낼 수 있으며, 더 작은 잡음이 나타나는 sparse point cloud 의 성질을 고려하여 dense point cloud 의 점의 개수 또한 감소시킨다. 따라서 제안하는 알고리즘을 적용하여 dense point cloud 의 잡음을 감소시키면 평면영역의 bump 감소 및 점 개수의 감소를 통한 데이터 전송 시 더 작은 크기로 보낼 수 있다.

• International Journal of Stem Cells
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2024

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system, a rapidly advancing genome editing technology, allows DNA alterations into the genome of organisms. Gene editing using the CRISPR system enables more precise and diverse editing, such as single nucleotide conversion, precise knock-in of target sequences or genes, chromosomal rearrangement, or gene disruption by simple cutting. Moreover, CRISPR systems comprising transcriptional activators/repressors can be used for epigenetic regulation without DNA damage. Stem cell DNA engineering based on gene editing tools has enormous potential to provide clues regarding the pathogenesis of diseases and to study the mechanisms and treatments of incurable diseases. Here, we review the latest trends in stem cell research using various CRISPR/Cas technologies and discuss their future prospects in treating various diseases.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.236-243
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• 2001

Background: An immunological approach for aging mechanism appears to be important. Lymphocyte subsets analysis in peripheral blood is widely performed to assess the immune status and to diagnose and monitor various diseases. Some lymphocyte subsets are known to change with age, but only few data about age-related reference ragnes for these subsets in healthy individuals have been reported. So we attempted to report reference ranges for these subsets in each age group and review changes of the results with age for the secondary studies about immune cell function as lymphocyte blast transformation and immunoglobulin gene rearrangement (VDJ) including recombination activating genes (RAG-1 and RAG-2). Methods: Lymphocyte subset analysis was performed on 302 subjects, 189 males and 113 females with age group of all decades of life. Two color direct immunofluorescene flow cytometry (FCM) was done using $Simultest^{TM}$ IMK-Lymphocyte kit (Becton Dickinson, USA), $FACScan^{TM}$ (Becton Dickinson, USA) and $FACSCalibur^{TM}$ (Becton Dickinson, USA). Lymphocyte subsets analysed were T ($CD3^+$) and B cells ($CD19^+$), helper/inducer T ($CD4^+$) and suppressor/cytotoxic T cells ($CD8^+$), helper/suppressor ($CD4^+/CD8^+$) ratio and natural killer (NK) cells ($CD3^-CD16^+/CD56^+$). The absolute numbers of each subset were calculated from total lymphocyte counts. Data collected was analysed using SAS 6.12. A P-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: We reported the counts and percentages of lymphocyte and these subsets in each age group. There were no statistically significant differences between male and female subjects. The percentage of $CD4^+$ T cells, and the count of NK cells did not show the significant difference among the various age groups. The age-related changes observed in our study were as following: 1) a decrease in the percentages of T cells, B cells and $CD8^+$ T cells ; 2) a decrease in the counts of B cells and $CD8^+$ T cells ; 3) an increase in the percentage and count of NK cells ; and 4) an increase in the $CD4^+/CD8^+$ ratio. Conclusion: The characteristics of aging process appeared to be showing a marked decrease of lympocyte subsets T and B cells as well as T8 ($CD8^+$). The age-related increase of the percentage of cells bearing NK marker can be interpreted as a compensatory consequence to cope with the decrease of T cells related to the thymic involution. These changes with age appeared to be for the secondary study about immune cell function as lymphocyte blast transformation and immunoglobulin gene rearrangement.

• 기록학연구
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• 제73호
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• pp.161-188
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• 2022

본고에서는 국회도서관이 소장하고 있는 임시의정원 관련 기록물의 정리 현황을 살펴보고 기록물 정리의 원칙을 적용하여 재정리 방향을 제시하였다. 임시의정원은 기록물 관리 규정을 가지고 있었고, 그에 따라 기록물을 생산하고 보관했다. 그러나 어느 시점에 기록물의 원질서가 해체되어 보관되다가 1960년대에 국회도서관이 수집하여 관리하고 있다. 국회도서관은 수집한 기록물을 정리하면서 생산 당시의 기록관리 체계와 보관 과정에서 있을 수 있는 여러 가지 상황을 충분히 고려하지 못했다. 당시 국회도서관은 임시의정원의 질서를 따르지 않고 정리했다. 또한 정리 과정에서 기록물의 계층 개념을 적용하지 않았고, 출처주의와 원질서 존중의 원칙을 고려하지 않았다. 그 결과 기록물의 구조와 맥락을 파악하기 어렵게 되었다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하고 기록물의 재정리 방안을 마련하기 위해서는 우선 기록물 정리 원칙에 따라 임시의정원 관련 기록물이 지니고 있는 특징을 살펴보아야 한다. 첫째, 출처주의에 따라 기록물 조직·기능·산출물이 무엇인지 파악하여 기록물의 기록물건·기록물철, 생산자, 생산일자, 기록물 유형 등을 구분해야 한다. 둘째, 원질서 존중의 원칙을 적용하여 기록물을 생산하여 보존하던 당시의 기록물 질서가 어떠했는지를 파악해야 한다. 셋째, 기록물이 완전하게 성립하였는지 효력을 갖추고 있는지를 검토해야 한다. 임시의정원 관련 기록물을 과거의 모습대로 온전하게 정리하는 것은 불가능하다. 다만 정리 현황과 재정리 방향을 검토함으로써 기록물의 내용·구조·맥락을 새롭게 파악하고 효과적으로 서비스할 수 있는 토대를 만들 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.311-327
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• 1988

Vascular changes in the periodontal ligament of the rat incisors following application of experimental orthodontic forces were examined by the India ink perfusion method. 57 rats were used for this experiment. The rats were divided into experimental group (54 rats) and control group (3 rats). 54 experimental rats were divided into group I (27 rats) and group II (27 rats). The right and left upper incisors of group. I and group II rats were separated distally with forces of 20gm, 70gm respectively. The vascular changes of periodontal ligament were observed histologically by means of light microscope after 1, 2 and 3 days of tooth movement and 1,3,5,8,14, and 21 days after removal of orthodontic force. The results were as follows; 1. After one day of tooth movement, occlusion of blood vessels, hyalinization of periodontal ligament and resorption of alveolar bone adjacent to the alveolar crest on pressure side were observed. Above the tissue changes on the pressure side of group II were more severe than those of group I. Especially, septal bone of group II was separated after 2 days of tooth movement. 2. In tension zones, periodontal space was widened and periodontal fibers were orientated in the direction of puil. The blood vessels of periodontal ligament were distended. New bone deposition was seen along the inner surface of the alveolus after 2 days of tooth movement. 3. After 3 days of tooth movement, deposition of new bone was seen along the periosteal surface of alveolar bone on pressure side, progressing with increasing after removal of orthodontic force. Remodelling of the new bone was occurred 5 days after removal of orthodontic force. 4. 3 days after removal of orthodontic force, invasion of blood vessels into the marginal periodontal ligament on pressure side was observed clearly and the vessels below the epithelial attachment were increased. 5. After removal of orthodontic force, hyalinized structures disappeared concomittantly with an invasion of blood vessels from the neighboring periodontal ligament. 14 days after removal of orthodontic force, the vessels in the periodontal ligament of group I were finished the vascular rearrangement. 21 days after removal of orthodontic force, the vessels in the periodontal ligament of group II were finished the vascular rearrangement.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.36-45
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• 2006

삼차인 텍스처 좌표(texture coordinates)란 삼차원 표면을 텍스처와 텍스처 매핑(texture mapping) 기술을 이용하여 렌더링 할 때, 폴리곤(polygon)에 사상되는 텍스처 조각의 위치 정보를 의미한다. 삼차원 텍스처 좌표를 압축하는 기존의 방법은 기하학 정보를 압축하기 위해 사용한 선형 예측기(linear predictor)를 그대로 다시 이용하였다. 그러나 기존의 방법은 부호화 순서에 따라 텍스처 좌표가 불연속적으로 위치하기 때문에, 선형 예측을 효과적으로 수행할 수가 없었다. 특히, 이러한 텍스처 좌표의 불연속성(discontinuity)은 non-atlas 텍스처를 가지고 있는 삼차원 메쉬 모델에서 더 심각하게 나타난다. 본 논문에서는 부호화 순서에 따라 텍스처 영상을 재배열하여 삼차원 텍스처 좌표를 부호화하는 새로운 방법을 제안한다. 제안한 텍스치 좌표 부호화는 텍스처로부터 텍스처 조각을 추출하고, 이를 부호화 순서에 맞게 연속적으로 재배치한 후, 텍스처 좌표를 선형 예측한다. 제안한 방법은 텍스처 좌표의 불연속성을 효과적으로 최소화할 수 있기 때문에, 텍스처 좌표의 부호화 효율을 향상시킬 수 있다. 실험 결과는 제안한 방법이 MPEG-4 3DMC 표준보다 부호화 효율성 측면에서 성능이 우수함을 보여준다.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.519-532
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• 1999

Helicobacter pylori is a causative agent of type B gastritis and plays a central role in the pathogenesis of gastroduodenal ulcer and gastric cancer. To elucidate the host-parasite relationship of the H. pylori infection on the basis of molecular biology, we tried to evaluate the genomic diversity of H. pylori. An ordered overlapping bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library of a Korean isolate, H. pylori 51 was constructed to set up a genomic map. A circular physical map was constructed by aligning ApaI, NotI and SfiI-digested chromosomal DNA. When the physical map of H. pylori 51 was compared to that of unrelated strain, H. pylori 26695, completely different restriction patterns were shown. Fifteen known genes were mapped on the chromosome of H. pylori 51 and the genetic map was compared with those of strain 26695 and J99, of which the entire genomic sequences were reported. There were some variability in the gene location as well as gene order among three strains. For further analysis on the genomic diversity of H. pylori, when comparing the genomic structure of 150 H. pylori Korean isolates with one another, genomic macrodiversity of H. pylori was characterized by several features: whether or not susceptible to restriction digestion of the chromsome, variation in chromosomal restriction fingerprint and/or high frequency of gene rearrangement. We also examined the extent of allelic variation in nucleotide or deduced amino acid sequences at the individual gene level. fucT, cagA and vacA were confirmed to carry regions of high variation in nucleotide sequence among strains. The plasticity zone and strain-specific genes of H. pylori 51 were analyzed and compared with the former two genomic sequences. It should be noted that the H. pylori 51-specific sequences were dispersed on the chromosome, not congregated in the plasticity zone unlike J99- or 26695-specific genes, suggesting the high frequency of gene rearrangement in H. pylori genome. The genome of H. pylori 51 shows differences in the overall genomic organization, gene order, and even in the nucleotide sequences among the H. pylori strains, which are far greater than the differences reported on the genomic diversity of H. pylori.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2006

부산항 중앙부두 주변 해역은 각 선석별로 그 목적과 용도에 부합된 전용 부두가 배치되어 소형 잡종선을 비롯해서 중대형 여객선, 소형 쾌속선, 컨테이너선, 화물선, 작업선 등 다양한 선박이 특정한 항행 규칙이나 해상교통관계없이 비교적 자유롭게 통항하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 중앙부두 주변 해상을 대상으로 일정 기간 동안 두 차례의 해상교통조사를 전용소프트웨어를 이용하여 실시한 후 중앙부두 주변 해역을 통항하는 선박들에 대한 선종별, 톤수별 통계처리와 항적분포를 기초로 중앙부두 인근 해상의 주요 통항로의 교통 흐름, 그리고 통항 특징 등을 분석하였다. 이러한 교통 현황에 대한 분석을 토대로 중앙부두 주변 해상을 각 기능별로 분류하고, 북내항로 지정에 따른 효과를 분석하여 항행 선박의 통항 안전성 향상 방안을 검토하였다. 그리고 선박의 운항자 관점에서 입출항 통항 안전성에 바탕을 둔 효율적인 중앙부두 인근 부두의 재배치 안에 대하여 고찰하였다.