• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.6
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• pp.101-121
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• 2008

An artist, Oh Yun(1946~86)'s theory of people's art during his final period is summed up in his essay 'Expansion of Artistic Imagination and World' (1985). Emphasizing the mystic and traditional characteristics of Oh Yun's artistic oeuvre during his final period, some critics focus on Oh Yun's experience of medical treatment and shamanistic custom at Jin Do island, and his belief in Jeung San Do, the dao of Jeung-san, the Ruler of the Universe. However, they forget the practical intention and implication of his theory of art during his final period, which aimed to overcome the contradiction of revelation itself. Oh Yun's essay criticized the loss of artistic imagination and the ignorance of traditional culture that resulted from the elevation of science to a religion, and insisted that the stereotyped idealism, scientism and elitism in art should be overcome in order to recover the full reality in realism and to continue traditional cultures. The essay is comprised of 18 paragraphs. Oh Yun criticized monochromatic art, conceptual art, hyper-realistic art, objet d'art, and neo-dadaist art, saying that they were simply mechanical forms of modern art derived from scientism and a fetishistic lens culture. In addition, he criticized naturalism in art, which had continued as a tendency in the development of western art, for the same reason. He pointed out that even the world of realism had been diminished by elite stereotypes and diagrams. He declared the need to overcome the imitation of shells or stereotyped propaganda, and recover full realism, which seems to have started with a reflective examination of current problems in 'Reality and Utterance', in which he participated. Especially, he thought that universality and the extension of full realism could be achieved by building on the views of traditional cultures, which is meaningful. This logic is same as the theory of epic theatre that Bertolt Brecht(1898~1956) has developed under the ancient Greek masque and Pieter Bruegel the Elder(1525~69)'s story-like picture style. The universality of realism and the extension of acquisition to include incantation art, rather than move toward incantation art, is what Oh Yun intended to propose in 'Artistic Imagination'. This attitude is same as Bertoh Brecht's aesthetic viewpoint in the 1930s. But regrettably, Oh Yun's style wording, which seems covert and far-sighted, is often misunderstood as 'mysticism'. In the flow of people's art in the 1980s, Oh Yun was a traditionalist in a narrow sense, and an realist in a broad sense. However, his critical mind, which comprehends tradition and reality, was attempting to expand universality and extend full realism, and this attempt found many sympathizers and had an influence on the next generation of people's artists, such as "Levee" which is field-centered, to which we should pay attention. This means that while their works thought about 'tradition', we should be careful not to connect them with 'aesthetic conservatism' or 'classical art'. This is the why the meaning of Oh Yun's theory of art during his final period should be closely examined again.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.130-138
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• 2015

Korean movies with a great variety of styles have recently succeeded in drawing people's attention Rule number one is "the more entertainment, the more audiences". On the top of box offices are always the movies that have a number of spectacular scenes, pounding sounds and big budget characters. Hong Sang Su movies, however, receive attention from the public without above noted descriptions. One of his effective methods of expression is "realism" He has illustrated the trivial episodes with his own wits and ways. Not only has his style become famous and popular but he has many followers. He enjoys using ordinary emotion and sentiment that are likely to happen to everyone. This paper uses two tools. One is the traditional analysis of realism. The other is how he can approach the public meaningfully by listing common elements he frequently uses in his movies. Nevertheless, we can't fully understand his realism by explaining how he shows our everyday life and how much his movie looks like it. Though admitting there are so many preceding papers on his works but this paper will try to look deep into his realism through the analysis of Mise-en-Sc$\grave{e}$ne.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.5-25
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• 2009

Since the end of the 1950-1953 Korean War, many scholars and policymakers have expressed concern about the possibility of another conflict on the peninsula. In certain respects, the post-1953 North-South Korea relationship resembles the Cold War that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union, 1945-1990. Although a "hot" never occurred, peace was never guaranteed. By looking at international theories (i.e., realism and liberal theory) and by utilizing casual-loop diagram analysis, the main purpose of this research is to explore on the likelihood of peace and war on the Korean peninsula. First, several factors (e.g., economic stagnation of North Korea, unstable political systems, and so on) emphasized by realism perspectives are significantly related to the likelihood of conflict between North and South Korea. Conversely, several determinants (e.g., economic assistance to North Korea, inter-dialogue between two Koreas, cultural and social exchange, and so on) emphasized by liberal approaches are significantly related to likelihood of peace on the Korean peninsula. Given the two different interpretations about the likelihood of conflict or peace, it can be argued that a second military action might occur on the Korean peninsula if realism theories are true. However, if practical factors exist on the Korean peninsula, the two Korean can optimistically expect a peaceful reunification in the future, without interference from other countries.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.541-551
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• 2016

In order to attain 'reality', technology, style and narrative have developed throughout the history of cinema. The projection of digital image necessitated a new perspective beyond the conventional relationship between film and reality. In the SF film, DISTRICT 9, strong realism elements are evident despite its genre. Advanced technologies enabled the digital images to vividly reproduce the realm of imagination. The encounter of the realistic approaches embedded in the style and narrative with the digital images emphasizes the social context of the cinematic background, as well as extending the potentialities of verisimilitude and perceptual realism. The amount of freedom in editing process derived from this film's documentary-like style opened a possibility for the effective delivery of the vast information-furthermore contributing to the realism of the film by encompassing the diversity that exists in the reality.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.32
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• pp.121-140
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• 2013

This study takes a look at diverse artistic strategies is taking as a graphic novel of participation. Pascal Croci has used and combined the forms to convey the message he want as a writer of an inclusive graphic novel, image-text. It is linked with an intrinsic to the graphic novel as well as tradition of realism in a wide variety of genres. This study takes a brief look at the realism art in each genre and confirms in relation to the artistic characteristics of intrinsic to the graphic novel is taking as a graphic novel of participation. is consists of the process of covering a case and the form of a broadcasting report and a fictional format emphasizes the objectivity in contents to highlight the journalistic characteristics of the general narrative. uses various artistic languages of realism. The audience feels a realistic case through the experience and writer's message is convey effectively. shows the generic openness of the graphic novel.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.3-29
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• 2008

Ian Watt, author of The Rise of the Novel, maintained that the novel originated in modern England, came from prose discourses such as the news, political essays and journalistic writing which propagated the Enlightenment, and the novels represent formal realism. The main point of this paper is to examine Watt's theory of the rise of the novel on the basis of the criticism of antinomy of the Enlightenment and "the public sphere" in Habermas' terms. At first, I will criticize formal realism, which is not a new literary species, but a formally renovated realistic form that represented capitalism and protestantism. And, then, I will show that formal realism is a kind of antinomy because it turned away from the voices and reality of the low-class and women though the novel concentrated on common people, not the aristocrats. Secondly, I will inquire into the antinomy of the Enlightenment in the aspects of reason, freedom, individualism and women. In my view, as soon as the high-middle class acquired their political rights, these values were no more encouraged and the result revealed antinomy of the Enlightenment more explicitly. Thirdly, I'd argue that "the public sphere" had positive meanings to everyone when the bourgeosie were fighting against the Absolutism and the aristocracy. I'll also insist that the high-middle class and the intellectuals were in "the public sphere" in which Habermas argues that rationality and equality were thought to have been realized, while the low-middle class and most women were de-enlightened and disciplined by reading the novel privately. In conclusion, formal realism is not the rise of the novel, but the opening of the novel peculiar to bourgeosie parliamentarism from the middle-eighteenth century to the middle-twentieth century.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.138-145
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• 2012

, Korea's popular television comedy program cast the strategy of making fun by word game interweaving meaning and nonmeaning and started to making fun by narrative game. So called Digital Narrative strategy seems to reflect the changes of social trends. Getting verisimilitude by detail description, parody realism, hierarchy of word body naked, anxiety for influence or star cameo seems to be principal strategy. With a minute realism strategy, new method of making meaning appropriate to digital era seems to appear.

• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.109-131
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• 2022

This paper compares the French Gustave Flaubert (1821-1880) and the Vietnamese Vũ Trọng Phụng (1912-1939), and explores transformations of their aesthetic experiences that led to the autonomization of French literary field in the nineteenth century and Vietnamese in the early twentieth century. Inspired from the term "archive" coined by Michel Foucault, this article argues that Flaubert, in abandoning the bourgeois tastes, contested realism and built his own writing ideology and style, which is called subjective realism. On the other hand, it also argues that Vũ Trọng Phụng, through the popular report genre, he gained success and evolved his own novel writing style, aptly called the realism of speech. It is ostensible that the transformation in the two authors' writing style and aesthetic experience was derived from the way they distanced themselves from their contemporaries' common tastes while making use of free indirect speeches, all with the aim of granting readers the autonomy of reading.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.7
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• pp.125-163
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• 2009

The artworks of Socialist Realism of the former Soviet Union, with the beginning of the 21st century, are gaining a new attention from art collectors. One reason for this might consist in the fact that relevant art pieces exemplify the ways in which they visualize ideas on the basis of their high-profile art tradition and also in which they integrate their utopian ideals with mysticism. These aspects of the Soviet art goes far beyond the wide-spread assumption that their art, as a means of propaganda, principally represents a political allegiance to the system. With Stalin coming into power in the 1930s, the artistic trend of Socialist Realism obtained a nationwide sympathy and support from people, giving birth to a new art which essentially corresponded to the demands of the political power. An official art current of the USSR over the period from the 1930s to 1950s, Socialist Realism was in tandem with the Communist commitment to the party and popularity, symbolizing a loyalty to the cause. It was thus characterized by plainness and lucidity so that ordinary people could gain easy access to art. Its salient feature, over an entire range of art, was an optimistic pursuit of a utopian dream. Therefore, it tallied with the popular sentiment for a Communist paradise, giving form to their beliefs in human agency working at the materialist world and also to such abstract concepts as force, fitness, and beauty by adding even mythical ideals. Its main subject matter includes harvest feasts of collective farms, imaginary socialist cities, grand marches of heroic laborers and in this way it served as a propaganda for a sacred utopia of socialist totalitarianism. On the other end of the spectrum, however, rose the second camp of art, which put an emphasis on bona-fide artistic activities of plastic art and on an artist's personal expression and freedom, as opposed to the surface optimism of Socialist Realism. Central to the Russian Avant Garde art, which prized the above-mentioned values, were Malevich's Geometric Abstraction and A. Rodchenko's Constructivism. Furthermore, in the transitional era of the late 20th century and the 21st century it was recognized that film art or electronic media art, rather than traditional genre of paintings, would function as a more efficient way of propaganda. These new genres were made possible by ridiculing the stereotypes of the Russian lifestyle and also by ignoring ethical or professional dimensions of artworks. That is, they reinvented themselves into a sort of field art, seemingly degrading the quality of artworks and transforming them into artifacts or simulacres in the very sense of post-modernism. The advent of the new era brought about the formation and occupation of pop culture of the younger generations, calling into question the idea of art as the class-determined. It also increased the attention to field art, which extensively found way to modern art centers, galleries, and exhibition projects. It can be stated that this was a natural outcome of human nature.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• no.1
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• pp.189-211
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• 1995

Dream Girl. which was written to entertain. reflects his concern of psychoanalysis. The play does indeed glow with the happiness surrounding its creation and it is a theatrically astute. deftly crafted comedy. If it has a thesis, it is that one should live one's life and not dream away. Some critics say that Dream Girl is the merriest and the other critics bewail the lack of message. But this play does amuse many people and is a nice fusion of realism, expressionism, and entertainment.