• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.45-50
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• 2004

In this paper, we propose a new PCA-based LDA Mixture Algorithm(PLMA) for real-time face recognition system. This system greatly consists of the two parts: 1) face extraction part; 2) face recognition part. In the face extraction part we applied subtraction image, color filtering, eyes and mouth region detection, and normalization method, and in the face recognition part we used the method mixing PCA and LDA in extracted face candidate region images. The existing recognition system using only PCA showed low recognition rates, and it is hard in the recognition system using only LDA to apply LDA to the input images as it is when the number of image pixels ire small as compared with the training set. To overcome these shortcomings, we reduced dimension as we apply PCA to the normalized images, and apply LDA to the compressed images, therefore it is possible for us to do real-time recognition, and we are also capable of improving recognition rates. We have experimented using self-organized DAUface database to evaluate the performance of the proposed system. The experimental results show that the proposed method outperform PCA, LDA and ICA method within the framework of recognition accuracy.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 2003

A magnetic survey on the lake war carried out to explore the possible UXO (unexploded ordnance) under the water. A magnetic gradiometer with 2 magnetometer sensors was used, which measures total magnetic intensity. For the positioning of the measurement points on the water, RTK (real time kinematic) survey system was used. The theoretical responses were calculated assumming the dimension and the material of the UXO so that the detectability could be investigated. Since the areal size of the survey vessel was rather small, the influence from the magnetic material of the vessel and the other equipments such as a laptop computer was not negligible, and the influence did not remain constant during the survey due to the change of survey direction. These effects were reduced remarkably using moving average technique. The result reveals the lineament of a pipe line laid on the bottom of the lake, which can be regarded as an indirect proof of detectability of the method.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.299-306
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• 2017

The real number M-ary QAM system can reduce PAPR and effectively improve the transmission efficiency as it increases gradually the value of M according to the state of channel. However, only approximate performance analysis was performed due to the complexity of the analysis. In this paper, we introduce an exact performance analysis considering the change of a boundary line due to the difference in frequency of use of the signal points. Also, we propose a new constellation of 2 time dimension ($3{\times}2^m$)-ary QAM with odd m which has better performance in PAPR. In the performance analysis, we obtain the signal point error rate and the bit error rate of real number M-ary QAM for the various values of m and compare performance between the proposed QAM and the conventional $2^k-ary$ QAM with integer k.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.369-377
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• 2010

Applied to the braced wall in order to stabilize the adjacent tunnel. A pre-load of bracing was imposed to prevent the horizontal displacement of the braced wall during the ground excavation. For this purpose, real scale model tests were conducted, without and with pre-load on braced wall. Real scale model tests were conducted, without and with building load (0 m, 1D, 2D) on ground surface. As a result, it was found that the stability of the existing tunnel adjacent to the braced wall could be greatly enhanced when the horizontal displacement of the braced wall was reduced by applying a pre-load, which was larger than the designated axial force of bracing. In this paper, the behaviors of braced wall and adjacent tunnel was studied. Model tests in 1:10 scale were performed in real construction sequences. Adjacent tunnel was 12 m in diameter and the size of test pit was 2.0 m (width) ${\times}$ 6.0 m (height) ${\times}$ 4.0 m (length) in dimension.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.289-300
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• 2021

Proptech, which has applied information technology to the real estate market, is leading real estate transaction innovation by presenting various value creation models. This study categorizes and understands values that are created and shared in proptech-based businesses, and develops evaluation data that reflects the relative importance of individual value areas. To this end, the dimension of value creation of proptech was hierarchically constructed, and the degree of relative value creation of the sub-industries of the proptech industry was evaluated. In order to grasp the relative importance of the proposed indicators, AHP analysis was conducted for industry and academic experts. In the first stage, intangible values, relational values, and advanced values were presented. It was derived as weights between indicators through two-way comparison. This study aims to improve and develop the value-creation capability of the entire Korean proptech ecosystem in the future by evaluating the value-created competence of each sector of the proptech industry.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.171-181
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• 2008

Home care, known also as domiciliary care, is part of the community care service that is a responsibility of the local government authorities in the UK as well as many other countries around the world. The aim is to provide the care and support needed to assist people, particularly older people, people with physical or learning disabilities and people who need assistance due to illness to live as independently as possible in their own homes. It is performed primarily by care workers visiting clients' homes where they provide help with daily activities. This paper is concerned with the dispatching of care workers to clients in an efficient manner. The optimized routine for each care worker determines a schedule to achieve the minimum total cost (in terms of distance traveled) without violating the capacity and time window constraints. A collaborative population-based meta-heuristic called Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is applied to solve the problem. A particle is defined as a multi-dimensional point in space which represents the corresponding schedule for care workers and their clients. Each dimension of a particle represents a care activity and the corresponding, allocated care worker. The continuous position value of each dimension determines the care worker to be assigned and also the assignment priority. A heuristic assignment scheme is specially designed to transform the continuous position value to the discrete job schedule. This job schedule represents the potential feasible solution to the problem. The Earliest Start Time Priority with Minimum Distance Assignment (ESTPMDA) technique is developed for generating an initial solution which guides the search direction of the particle. Local improvement procedures (LIP), insertion and swap, are embedded in the PSO algorithm in order to further improve the quality of the solution. The proposed methodology is implemented, tested, and compared with existing solutions for some 'real' problem instances.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.308-315
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• 2015

The purpose of this study, using 3D printer, was tried to fabricate the short arm cast of mesh types that can be hygienic and adequate ventilation with a good radiography. We used the multi channel computed tomography (MDCT) with three dimension printer device of the fused deposition modeling (FDM) techniques. The material is used a degradable plastic (poly lactic acid, PLA). Three-dimensional images of the short arm were obtained in the MDCT and then make the three-dimensional volume rendering. Three dimension volume rendering of the short arm is implemented as a tomography obtained in MDCT. Virtual mesh type cast model was output as three-dimensional images is designed based on the three-dimensional images of the short arm. As a results, the cast output by 3D printers were able to obtain excellent radiograph images than the conventional cast, and then it can decreased itching with unsanitary, and can break down easily to the cast. In conclusion, the proposed virtual mesh type cast output by 3D printers could be used as a basis for future three-dimensional printing cast productions and offered help to patients in the real life.

• KSCI Review
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.147-152
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• 2006

Data size of moving current GIS great exponentially from 2D to 3D and the processing speed becomes slow thereby and user's real time rendering request is growing. Have problem that time and expense to process data of bulky quantity produce constraint condition of the processing speed. third dimension processing skill, virtual reality processing skill etc. and third dimension GIS about space data of bulk much overmuch to materialize. In this paper DEM data that acquire from satellite or aviation solve these problem embody virtual city in web save topography information that visualization to 3D visualization by VRML, and use modelling tool and acquire 3D campus information for building and road. 3D information acquired this to express texture and natural gifts that have truth stuff more to thing through near texture mapping work 3D imagination illustration of web based embody can.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.5522-5536
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• 2017

In this paper, a video based smoke detection method using dynamic texture feature extraction with volume local binary patterns is studied. Block based method was used to distinguish smoke frames in high definition videos obtained by experiments firstly. Then we propose a method that directly extracts dynamic texture features based on irregular motion regions to reduce adverse impacts of block size and motion area ratio threshold. Several general volume local binary patterns were used to extract dynamic texture, including LBPTOP, VLBP, CLBPTOP and CVLBP, to study the effect of the number of sample points, frame interval and modes of the operator on smoke detection. Support vector machine was used as the classifier for dynamic texture features. The results show that dynamic texture is a reliable clue for video based smoke detection. It is generally conducive to reducing the false alarm rate by increasing the dimension of the feature vector. However, it does not always contribute to the improvement of the detection rate. Additionally, it is found that the feature computing time is not directly related to the vector dimension in our experiments, which is important for the realization of real-time detection.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.13 no.2 s.33
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• pp.119-128
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• 2005

Most spatial data handled in GIS is two-dimensional. These two-dimensional data is established by selecting 2D aspects form 3D, or by projecting 3D onto 2D space. During this conversion, without user's intention, data are abstracted and omitted. This unwanted data loss causes disadvantages such as restrictingof the range of data application and describing inaccurate real world. Recently, three dimensional data is getting wide interests and demands. One of the examplesis Database Management System which can store and manage three dimensional spatial data. However, this DBMS does not support spatial query which is the essence of the database management system. So, various studies are needed in this field. This research designs spatial relationship that is defined in space database standard using the three-dimension space model. The spatial data model, which is used in this research, is the one defined in OGC for GMS3, and designing tool is DE-9IM based on Point-Set Topology blow as the best method for topological operation.