• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.103-113
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• 1988

The analysis of the visual impairment and refractive errors among 4,004 school children in Seoul in 1986 with ancilliary questionnaire on various socio-environmental and visual factors was conducted. The number of the student with subnormal vision (0.7 or less) was 1,552 (38,8 %), and the rate of subnormal vision was increased with the higher grading of the school classes. Rate of myopes among the 1,552 students vision 0.7 or less consists of 52 % in primary school, 83.5 % in middle school, and 94 % in high school, and they were increased with the higher grading of the school class. The acutest increase of rates were observed at the stages of 2nd year class of male, and 1st year class of female at the middle school. Among the glasses-wearer of myopic students of vision 0.5 or less, the rate of adequately corrected cases was 42.5 %, whereas the overcorrected in 6.8 %, and undercorrected in 49.3 %. The main reasons of glasses negligence among the non-possessor of glasses with the vision of 0.5 or less were indicated in prominence of numbers of' "no complaints without glasses" (42 %). "unawareness of visual disturbance" (20%), "annoyance with wearing glasses" (13.4%), and "no permission from parents" (11.5 %) rather than the "economical reasons". The amblyopic components were estimated 126 cases (3.2%) in combination of refractive errors. According to the analysis of ancilliary questionnaire, the-conclusion with the statistical significance was that the myopization of the children's eyes appeared susceptible with a number of socio-environmental factors including the eating habits, length of T.V. watching period and distance, reading distance and type of illumination during near work, and school achievement. The possibility of prevention in some extents of progress of the myopia following the improvement of the relevant environmental factors in younger stage of children would be considered as deducible one.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.131-146
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• 2001

The purpose of this study were to develop cooperative learning lesson plan for middle school home economics class and to identify the effect of cooperative learning on students\` self-esteem. The content of lesson was chosen from the food and nutrition section of home economics textbooks for middle school. The main structure of the lesson plan stems from $\boxDr$Lesson Plan Guide of Structuring Cooperative Learning Lesson Plan for Teachers$\boxUl$ by D. Johnson. R Johnson and E. Holubec. Various kinds of references including media reading materials cooperative group activity reports and cooperative group activity checking lists were newly developed according to the content of lesson. Eight hour lesson plans were developed and applied to 2nd grade middle school students and pre-test and post-test were taken to test the effect of Johnson\`s cooperative learning method on students\` self-esteem. Students at a Middle School located in Seoul were divided into two grouts, the three classes as experimental group and the other three classes as control group. The data were analyzed by ANCOVA using SPSS/WIN program. As a result, the hypothesis that the degree of self-esteem of the experimental group is higher than that of control group was adopted (P.(001). Among the sub-factors of self -esteem. the global self-esteem and the social-peer self-esteem scores of the experimental group were higher than that of the control group(p.(001 each). but the school-academic self-esteem score was not different (p> .05) According to the post-experiment free-style report. student as a dynamic subject could get initiatives and interests in home economics class more effectively by cooperative learning. Therefore, it could be said that cooperative learning has positive effect on the promotion of students\` self-esteem and is considered to be a good teaching method of home economics subject.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.270-277
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• 2013

PURPOSE. This study was aimed to determine the effect of two chemically distinct denture cleansers and water on the surface hardness of acrylic and silicone based soft denture liners at various time intervals. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Two commonly used commercial resilient liner material were selected based on their chemical composition (silicone- and acrylic-based soft liners) for this investigation. 120 cylindrical specimens were made of $15mm{\times}10mm$ dimensions (according to ASTM: D-2240-64T) in a custom made metal mold. All specimens were stored in artificial saliva throughout the study. Forty specimens were cleansed daily in 0.5% sodium hypochlorite solution; forty were cleansed in sodium perborate and remaining forty specimens were daily rinsed in water. Testing was done at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months for surface hardness using a Shore A Durometer. A mean of 3 reading for each sample was subjected to one-way ANOVA, Post Hoc test and pair-t test for statistical analysis. P values of less than 0.05 were taken as statistically significant. RESULTS. Surface hardness of all the samples was significantly higher after a period of 6 months irrespective of the cleansing treatment. Minor changes were observed between control, sodium hypochlorite and sodium perborate groups with time. Greater change was observed in surface hardness of acrylic-based soft denture liners as compared to silicone-based soft liners for all groups, as time progressed. CONCLUSION. Silicone-based soft denture liners performed significantly better in all cleansing treatments than acrylic-based soft denture liners.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.893-905
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• 2001

Korean students ranked the 3rd out of 32 participating countries in the first cycle of PISA(Programme for International Student Assessment) science field, which assessed 15-years-old students' scientific literacy. PISA developed several variables such as parents' socio-economic status, parents' educational attainment, family wealth, and cultural possession, to investigate the effects of background variables on scientific literacy. On the other hand, motivation and engagement in science study were not given much attention, partly because science was the minor area in the first cycle of PISA. Therefore, PISA Korea developed a series of variables to collect data on students' learning motives and out-of-school activities in science as a national option. The results are as followings. First, Korea was found to be one of the PISA participating countries with the scientific literacy achievement least influenced by parents' socio-economic status, family wealth, and parents' cultural possession. Second, the degree of achievement in scientific literacy according to parents' educational attainment was in a positive correlation, similar to the overall tendency of PISA. Third, the most crucial learning motive for Korean students was their desire to develop scientific thinking abilities or obtain science knowledge. On the other hand, choosing jobs in the field of science or parental expectation was the least important learning motive. In particular, the motive for scientific learning was found to have a positive relationship with the degree of scientific literacy achievement. Therefore, the higher the students achievement, the stronger the motive for scientific learning in order to develop their ability to think scientifically or acquire science knowledge. Fourth, Korean students were shown to participate very little in out-of-school scientific activities other than watching TV programs related to science. Whatever the activities may be, the more actively involved students are in out-of-school scientific activities, the higher their scientific literacy achievement. Fifth, Korean girls were rather passive compared to boys in all areas, including science learning motive and out-of-school scientific activities. The gender difference was especially more pronounced in out-of-school scientific activities with wider gaps in such activities as reading scientific books or articles and visiting science-related web sites.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of the suitability of the chronic regulatory focus and the advertising message type on the evaluation of the beauty product. In addition, feeling right while and individual is reading an advertisement is measured to check the mechanism making the regulatory fit effect. The experimental design was designed with the mixed design of 2(chronic regulatory focus: promotion / prevention, between group) ${\times}$ 2(advertising message type: promotion /prevention, within a group). 100 female university student subjects in their twenties in Seoul and in the metropolitan area were asked to respond to questionnaires in the study. The reliability analysis, T-test, analysis of variance(ANOVA), and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) on the collected data were done with SPSS WIN 12.0. The results of the study are as follows. First, the regulatory fit effect that when the individual chronic regulatory fit corresponds to the advertising message focus each other in the advertising of a new beauty product, the evaluation on the product is more positive could be checked. The promotion focus message of shampoo, the promotion focus group showed more positive response than the prevention focus group and as for the prevention focus message, the prevention focus group showed more positive results than the promotion focus group so that the effect of regulatory fit appeared. Second, when the regulatory fit effect appeared in the evaluation on the new beauty product, the fit effect on the individual chronic regulatory focus and on the advertising message focus also appeared in the measurement of feeling right. Hence, feeling right could be checked by using the mechanism of the regulatory fit effect.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.92-104
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to analyze the experience of sexual violence and sexual violence education. The data were collected from June 19 to July 14. 2000 using the questionnaire. The Subjects of this study consisted of 736 middle school students in six provinces(Seoul, Incheon, Daegu, Kyunggi, Kangwon, Kyungbuk). Data were analyzed using percentage, mean standard deviation. ANOVA. and Duncan test. The results were as follows: 1. About sixty-two percent of the subjects was educated for sexual violence. 2. About twenty-five percent of the subjects experienced sexual harassment, 12.1% of the subjects experienced serious sexual contact, and 2.0% of the subjects was raped. 3. The mean score of misconception related sexual violence was $2.86{\pm}0.47$. 4. The mean score of misconception related sexual violence showed significant differences in experience of education(t=-3.83. P<.0001), in delayed time of education(F=6.33. P<.0001) and in reading of pornomagazine(F=2.03. P<.05). 5. The mean score of misconception related sexual violence showed significant differences in experience of sexual harassment(t=-1.92. P<.05) and in experience of serious sexual contact (t=-2.41. P<.01). 6. There was a significant differences in misconception related sexual violence between boy and girl(t=5.79. P<.0001). According to the above results, realistic and future-directed sexual violence education materials should be developed for middle school students. This information will provide useful data to promote a more systemic, desirable and sexual violence education.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.68-86
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• 1994

In order to provide data of effective health education for practice of preventive health behavior for visual acuity care. The authors investgated the actual acuity and health behavior for visual acuity care. The subjects of this study were 2250 students in high school. The data were collected by questionnaire developed for the purpose of this study which has been made through references and student's health record. The results were as follows, 1) As students move up to grade, the number of students with decreased visual acuity had a tendency to increase. In cases with decreased visual acuity below 0.2 in one or both eye, the number of cases was increased in accordance with moving up to grade, especially visual acuity of right eye was more decreased than that of left eye. 2) As to proportion of the group with decreased visual acuity among the total students, among 2250 students, students with decreased visual acuity was 35.6%(800 students). According to school type, in academic school, frequency of students with decreased visual acuity in day school was higher then that in night school. In commercial school, the frequency of students who had decreased visual acuity in night school were higher than that of students in day school. 3) As to variables influencing the decreased visual activity, there was a significant different between groups with normal visual acuity and groups with subnormal in terms of awareness of visual acuity by themself, parent's visual acuity, unbalanced eating habit, distance from television, or books, posture in watching television, posture in reading, awareness of illumination in classroom. 4) As to practice of protective and preventive health behavior for visual acuity care, In group with normal visual acuity. There was good practice such as proper eating habit, proper studying habit, and health habit in its descending order, but proper illumination and regular eye test were practiced poorly. In group with subnormal visual acuity, one of the vest practice in visual acuity care was an effort to prevent eye strain. Other good practice involve tasking regular eye test, maintaining proper studing habit, in its descending order.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.547-559
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to analyze high school. students' misconceptions and education of sexual violence. The data were collected from June 19 to July 14, 2000 using the questionnaire. The Subjects of this study consisted of 660 high school students in six provinces(Seoul, Incheon, Daegu, Kyunggi, Kangwon, Kyungbuk). Data were analyzed using percentage, mean standard deviation, ANOVA, and Duncan test. The results were as follows 1. About sixty-three percent of the subjects was educated for sexual violence. 2. About thirty-four percent of the subjects experienced sexual harassment, 22.3% of the subjects experienced serious sexual contact and 0.8% of the subjects was raped. 3. The mean score of misconception related sexual violence was $2.71{\pm}0.45$. 4. The mean score of misconception related sexual violence showed significant differences in delayed time of education(F=8.90, P<.0001), in reading of pornomagazine (F=2.58, P<.01) and in taken lecture from physical education teacher. 5. The mean score of misconception related sexual violence showed significant differences in experience of sexual harassment (t=-2.63, P<.01) and in experience of serious sexual contact(t=-2.78, P<.01). 6. There was a significant differences in misconception related sexual violence between boy and girl(t=6.69, P<.0001). According to the above results, realistic and future-directed sexual violence education materials should be developed for high school students. This information will provide useful data to promote a more systemic and desirable sexual violence education.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.181-200
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• 2005

The purpose of this thesis was to analyze communicational means of mathematical communication in perspective of languages and behaviors. Research questions were as follows; First, how are the characteristics of mathematical languages in communicating process of mathematical small group learning? Second, how are the characteristics of behaviors in communicating process of mathematical small group learning? The analyses of students' mathematical language were as follows; First, the ordinary language that students used was the demonstrative pronoun in general, mainly substituted for mathematical language. Second, students depended on verbal language rather than mathematical representation in case of mathematical communication. Third, quasi-mathematical language was mainly transformed in upper grade level than lower grade, and it was shown prominently in shape and measurement domain. Fourth, In mathematical communication, high level students used mathematical language more widely and initiatively than mid/low level students. Fifth, mathematical language use was very helpful and interactive regardless of the student's level. In addition, the analyses of students' behavior facts were as follows; First, students' behaviors for problem-solving were shown in the order of reading, understanding, planning, implementing, analyzing and verifying. While trials and errors, verifying is almost omitted. Second, in mathematical communication, while the flow of high/middle level students' behaviors was systematic and process-directed, that of low level students' behaviors was unconnected and product-directed.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.213-220
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• 2012

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the repeatability and reproducibility of two dental scanners. Methods: The master die and the stone replicas(Kavo, Germany) were digitized in touch-probe scanner(Incise, Renishaw, UK), white light scanner(Identica, Medit, Korea) to create 3-dimensional surface-models. The number of points in the point clouds from each reading were calculated and used as the CAD reference model(CRM). Discrepancies between the points in the 3-dimensional surface models and the corresponding CRM were measured by a matching-software(Power-Inspect R2, Delcam Plc, UK). The t-student test for one samples were used for statistical analysis. Results: The reproducibility of both scanner was within $3{\mu}m$, based on mean value. The mean value between measurements made directly on the touch probe scanner digital models and those made on the white light scanner digital models was $2.20-2.90{\mu}m$, and was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion: With respect to adequate data acquisition, the reproducibility of dental scanner differs. Three-dimensional analysis can be applied to differential quality analysis of the manufacturing process as well as to evaluation of different analysis methods.