• 음성과학
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.93-103
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to establish preliminary data on the speech rates in groups of normal speaking adults and children. The results of the present study are intended to serve as clinical measurement guidelines for diagnosis, assessment, treatment planning, and therapy progresses of stuttering. Thirty-one adults (16 females, 15 males), aged 18-30 years and thirty normally developing children (15 females, 15 males), aged 8-10, participated in the study. The subjects' reading of the Stroll (Jeong, 1994) passage and l-minute portion of talking about the daily routine were sampled. The adult speakers had rates of $308.29\pm22.57$ syllables per minute (SPM) or $108.06\pm6.17$ words per minute (WPM) during reading, and $252.87\pm40.86$ SPM and $92.26\pm17.12$ WPM during talking. The children had rates of $176.67\pm33.65$ SPM or $64.07\pm12.62$ WPM during reading, and $149.30\pm33.14$ SPM and $56.60\pm11.36$ WPM during talking. The results of t-tests for reading and talking tasks in adults showed that SPM in reading (t=2.211, p< .05) and WPM in talking (t=-2.284, p< .05) differed significantly by the gender. To answer the questions whether the rate is different across children' s gender and age, a two-way ANOVA was performed. Both SPM and WPM in reading tasks were significantly different between groups of children aged 8 and 10 (p< 01), In speaking tasks, both SPM and WPM were significantly different between groups of children aged 8 and 10, and between 9 and 10.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.151-159
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• 2014

The study investigated the effects of reading intervention to enhance reading fluency for children from low-income families. The participants were 20 children from low-income families who are in grades 1 to 3. To qualify for participation in this study, all children had to score below 30 % ile on the Receptive vocabulary Test of the Expressive and Receptive Vocabulary Test or the Word reading fluency of the Korean Language-Based Reading Assessment. Participants were randomly assigned to the intervention (n=10) or control (n=10) group. The intervention group participated in the individualized intervention program using the guided repeated reading and the corrective feedback strategies. The results showed that participants in the intervention group performed better on reading fluency than those in the control group after participating in the intervention program. Specifically, guided repeated reading with corrective feedback strategies produced significant improvement on generalization to unpracticed passages as well as practiced passages. The results of this study suggest that guided repeated reading with corrective feedback is effective for enhancing reading fluency for children in Korea. Further study is needed in order to develop language-specific reading intervention.

• 음성과학
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.159-168
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to assess the speech rate, fluency and the type of dysfluencies of normal adults in order to provide a basic data of normal speaking. The number of subjects of this study were 30(14 females and 16 males), and their ages ranged 17 to 36. The rate was measured as syllables per minute (SPM). The speech rates in reading ranged 273-426 with a mean of 348 SPM and in speaking ranges 118-409 (mean=265). The average of their fluencies was 99.1% in reading and 96.9% in speaking. The rater reliability of speech rate in the data assessed by video was very high (r=0.98) and the rater reliability of speech fluency was moderately high (r=0.67). The disfluency types were also analysed from 150 disfluency episodes. Syllable repetition and word interjection were the most common disfluent types.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.9-22
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• 2017

The purpose of this paper is to report the whole process of developing Korean Standard Speech Database (KSS DB). This project is supported by SPO (Supreme Prosecutors' Office) research grant for three years from 2014 to 2016. KSS DB is designed to provide speech data for acoustic-phonetic and phonological studies and speaker recognition system. For the samples to represent the spoken Korean, sociolinguistic factors, such as region (9 regional dialects), age (5 age groups over 20) and gender (male and female) were considered. The goal of the project is to collect over 3,000 male and female speakers of nine regional dialects and five age groups employing direct and indirect methods. Speech samples of 3,191 speakers (2,829 speakers and 362 speakers using direct and indirect methods, respectively) are collected and databased. KSS DB designs to collect read and spontaneous speech samples from each speaker carrying out 5 speech tasks: three (pseudo-)spontaneous speech tasks (producing prolonged simple vowels, 28 blanked sentences and spontaneous talk) and two read speech tasks (reading 55 phonetically and phonologically rich sentences and reading three short passages). KSS DB includes a 16-bit, 44.1kHz speech waveform file and a orthographic file for each speech task.

• 음성과학
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.273-284
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate speech rate and fluency in stuttering adults. It was suggested that a measurement guideline of speech rate and fluency for collecting clinically meaningful data be used. Subjects included 10 adults who stutter (mean age=25;8). Syllables were used as the unit of measurement for analyzing the duration of speech. The mean rate was 241 SPM (syllables per minute) for reading, and 196 SPM for spontaneous speaking. Fluency was also measured in both cases. The correlation between rate of speech and fluency was high (r=0.92). A strong positive correlation was found between different investigators in measuring speech rates and fluencies.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.181-187
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• 2014

The present study was performed to investigate the characteristics of breath groups while reading paragraph in normal adults and adult patients with voice disorders. 10 normal females(avr. 20.6 yrs.), 10 young voice disorder females(avr. 33.5 yrs., P1 group), and 10 old voice disorder females(avr. 56.3 yrs., P2 group) read a paragraph of 210 syllables. By using the 'Running Speech' program of the Phonatory Aerodynamic System(PAS), total duration, numbers of breath groups, duration per breath group, and numbers of syllables per breath group were measured, and their correlations with aerodynamic measurement results of reading were analyzed. As a result, in total duration, numbers of breath groups, normals scored highest and P2 group speakers, lowest. Normals showed the longest duration per breath group which was not significant. P2 group speakers showed the highest numbers of syllables per breath group. Correlation analysis showed significantly high correlation scores of total duration and expiratory airflow; numbers of breath groups and inspiratory volume.

• 음성과학
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.107-126
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• 2006

The aim of this study is to analyze the tonal structures of Korean conjunctive phrases produced by Daegu dialect speakers and show that there are distinctive intonational patterns between dialogic and reading styles. In the experiment, we examined the pitch contour at the edge of conjunctive phrases including '-ko', $'-(i)my{\partial}n'$, $'-(a){\partial}s{\partial}'$, '-(nin)de', '-do' in the base which is made a coordinate and subordinate conjunctive sentence according to the relation of pre-phrase and post-phrase. The results of this study show that '-ko' has L%, $'-(i)my{\partial}n'$ has LH%, $'-(a){\partial}s{\partial}'$ has HL% and '-(nin)de' has LH%, '-do' has LH% in Daegu Dialect. And the results show the conjunctive sentences were about 20% longer when they produced in a dialogic style than in a reading style. The dialogic style has various durations, the duration of the reading style is slower than the dialogic style by a rate of 20%. This suggests that the dialogic style is more dynamic than the reading style, which may be due to the communicative interaction between speakers and listeners.

• 음성과학
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.135-146
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• 2008

Breath group generally refers to one of units of speech production. It is an integral component of structural and contextual features of utterances with some responsibility for fluctuations in speech intelligibility. The purpose of this study was to know the characteristics of breath group in reading passages spoken by healthy speakers, specifically in view of aerodynamic aspects. Eighteen female speakers aged from 20 to 30 years old without communication problems and in healthy condition were participated in this study. PAS (Phonatory Aerodynamic System) was used for aerodynamic measurement of breath group. Results showed that the mean value of breath group in reading tasks was 16.03 per minute (SD=3.1), and the spoken syllables per one breath group were 17.95. And the mean time (m) of breath group was 3.06 (SD=0.62), and the ratio of exhalation and inhalation was appeared in the 1:5. The results need to be discussed in values of normality of breath group and clinical viewpoint, especially their potential implication from speech intelligibility caused by brain damage.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2007년도 한국음성과학회 공동학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.270-273
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of multisensory(AVK: Auditory, Visual and Kinethetic) treatment on reading pronunciation with phonological prcessing - tensification, palatalization, and lateralization for the middle school students with delayed language development caused by mental retarded. Participants were three children with reading pronunciation difficulties in phonological processing. The following conclusions were arrived. First, three children are improved on tensifiication, palatalization, and lateralization by multisensory treatment program. Second, multisensory treatment was effective in facilitating generalization. Three children presented prominent generalization effcects in lateralization. Third, they were found to maintain partially their performance rates of the later phase of the reading with phonological processing intervention three weeks after the termination of the intervention.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to examine how speakers use VOT and f0 to distinguish tense, lax, and aspirated stops in isolated sentence reading and paragraph readings. To do so, a total of 20 males between the ages of 20-25 years old were asked to read (1) isolated sentences, (2) information-oriented text and (3) emotional expressive texts in which the stop pronunciation's VOT value and f0 were measured thereafter. The main results are as follows. In the isolate sentence reading, lax stops, and aspirated stops were distinguished by both VOT and f0, but for the Korean men that read reading texts, VOT is not a cue to distinguish between lax and aspirated stops. In general, the VOT differences between lax stops and aspirated stops were smaller for information-oriented texts and emotional expressive texts than that of the isolate sentence reading. In the paragraph reading that induces a natural utterance, the f0 dependence is greater for the distinction between lax and aspirated stops.