• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.343-351
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• 2016

Although the chemical, physical, and nutritional properties of bovine milk have been extensively studied, only a few studies have attempted to characterize milk-synthesizing genes using RNA-seq data. RNA-seq data was collected from 21 Holstein samples, along with group information about milk production ability; milk yield; and protein, fat, and solid contents. Meta-analysis was employed in order to generally characterize genes related to milk production. In addition, we attempted to investigate the relationship between milk related traits, parity, and lactation period. We observed that milk fat is highly correlated with lactation period; this result indicates that this effect should be considered in the model in order to accurately detect milk production related genes. By employing our developed model, 271 genes were significantly (false discovery rate [FDR] adjusted p-value<0.1) detected as milk production related differentially expressed genes. Of these genes, five (albumin, nitric oxide synthase 3, RNA-binding region (RNP1, RRM) containing 3, secreted and transmembrane 1, and serine palmitoyltransferase, small subunit B) were technically validated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in order to check the accuracy of RNA-seq analysis. Finally, 83 gene ontology biological processes including several blood vessel and mammary gland development related terms, were significantly detected using DAVID gene-set enrichment analysis. From these results, we observed that detected milk production related genes are highly enriched in the circulation system process and mammary gland related biological functions. In addition, we observed that detected genes including caveolin 1, mammary serum amyloid A3.2, lingual antimicrobial peptide, cathelicidin 4 (CATHL4), cathelicidin 6 (CATHL6) have been reported in other species as milk production related gene. For this reason, we concluded that our detected 271 genes would be strong candidates for determining milk production.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.2 s.75
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• pp.302-309
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• 2006

To evaluate the biocompatibility of untreated and anodized titanium specimens, the specimens were implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of the abdominal region of female mice for two weeks. The reaction of connective tissue to specimens was histologically studied. The implants were encapsulated by fibrous connective. tissue consisting of fibroblast, fibrocyte and other cellss including neutroophil, macrophage and giant multinucleated cell. some newly formed blood vessels were located in the fibrous capsule surrounding the implant. Giant multinucleated cells were observed at the fibrous capsule adjacent to the implant. Kind of cell types and the thickness of fibrous capsules were examined quantitatively. Most of cell types located in the fibrous capsule were fibroblast and fibrocyte. The average thickness of fibrous capsules for the anodized specimens was much thinner than that of the untreated titanium specimen. Biocompatibility of titanium specimens were also studied by using cell culture method. The number of MG-63 cells was significantly increased on the anodized titanium specimens in vitro experiment. Our observations suggest that anodized titanium specimens are more effective for the improvement of biocompatibility in vivo and in vitro.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.117-129
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• 1989

The commercial availability of processed heterogenous bone has provided the surgeons with almost unlimited supply, avoidance of additional operation and prevention of the postoperative complications. In addition to these merits, unnecessary bone bank, easy availibility and storage have been achieved. The purpose of this study was to compare and examine the healing capacity of Kiel bone, Pyrost and Osteovit which used as the processed heterografts for the reconstruction of bony defect. Twenty rabbits weighing about 1.7-2.0 Kg were selected and divided into two groups. In experimental group A, the left mandibular defect was allowed to fill with blood, and the right defect was filled with Kiel bone. In experimental group B, the left defect was grafted with Pyrost, and the right with Osteovit. The experimental animals were sacrified after 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks and the grafted site was studied histologically. To evaluate the strength of healed bone, 2 rabbits from each experimental group and a nonoperated control were sacrified at the 6th week after implantation and used for biometric testing on universal testing machine. The results obtained were as follows : 1. It was considered that these heterogenous bone grafts has feeble or absent immunogenicity since all of them appeared to evoke little inflammatory or forign body reaction. 2. In all experimental groups, new bone formation began from the adjacent region of host bone and extended progressively into the defect sites. New bone was partly formed within the intertrabecular space of the implant and gradually united with the bone that formed at the margin of the host bone. 3. With Pyrost bone formation was rapid and prominent comparing with other graft materials. 4. Osteovit was begun to be absorbed from 2 weeks, and Kiel bone from 4 weeks, however Pyrost was remained to be intact until the end of 8 weeks. 5. As the results of tensile test, the mean values of maximum tensile stress were 1.11${\uparrow}$ $Kgf/mm^{2}$ in Pyrost implanted specimens, 0.85 $Kgf/mm^{2}$ in Osteovit, 0.42 $Kgf/mm^{2}$ in Kiel bone, 0.66 $Kgf/mm^{2}$ in blood filled specimens and 1..13 $Kgf/mm^{2}$ in control. These results indicate that heterogenous bones grafted have little antigenicity to the host tissue, and that they mediate effectively osteoconduction by providing the scaffold for the bone formation. Pyrost and Osteovit appeared to be suitable for the clinical use.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.252-258
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• 2002

Transparent $TiO_2$ thin films prepared by sol-gel process using the modification of titanium(IV) alkoxide showed improved thermal stability and high refraction index. Compared to the pure $TiO_2$ film, the modified $TiO_2$ films show the increased index of refraction under proper condition at pH 2.5. Transparency of these $TiO_2$ thin films were more than 80% in the visible region. It has been demonstrated that the reaction occurs in the amorphous phase: an exchange of phase results in anatase before and after 400$^{\circ}C$, in rutile over 700$^{\circ}$C form the XRD results. The particle sizes, shapes and structures of these nanoclusters in the $TiO_2$ films have been identified through a SEM and XRD. The physical properties and structures of their powders have also been studied through a SEM, XRD, TGA and DSC. The thickness and index of refraction have been determined by the analysis of ellipsometric spectra.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.110-116
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• 2012

Recent several studies have shown that the genetic variation of SCN5A is related with atrioventricular conduction block (AVB); no study has yet been published in Koreans. Therefore, to determine the AVB-associated genetic variation in Korean patients, we investigated the genetic variation of SCN5A in Korean patients with AVB and compared with normal control subjects. We enrolled 113 patients with AVB and 80 normal controls with no cardiac symptoms. DNA was isolated from the peripheral blood, and all exons (exon 2-exon 28) except the untranslated region and exon-intron boundaries of the SCN5A gene were amplified by multiplex PCR and directly sequenced using an ABI PRISM 3100 Genetic Analyzer. When a variation was discovered in genomic DNA from AVB patients, we confirmed whether the same variation existed in the control genomic DNA. In the present study, a total of 7 genetic variations were detected in 113 AVB patients. Of the 7 variations, 5 (G87A-A29A, intervening sequence 9-3C>A, A1673G-H558R, G3578A-R1193Q, and T5457C-D1819D) have been reported in previous studies, and 2 (C48G-F16L and G3048A-T1016T) were novel variations that have not been reported. The 2 newly discovered variations were not found in the 80 normal controls. In addition, G298S, G514C, P1008S, G1406R, and D1595N, identified in other ethnic populations, were not detected in this study. We found 2 novel genetic variations in the SCN5A gene in Korean patients with AVB. However, further functional study might be needed.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.579-588
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of generalized aggressive periodontitis with IL-6 promoter gene single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP). Material and Methods: The study population consisted of 52 generalized aggressive periodontitis patients(GAP) and 30 periodontally healthy control subjects, who were systemically healthy non-smokers. Genomic DNA was obtained from buccal swab. The IL-6 promotor SNP at the positions of -597, -572, and -174 were genotyped by amplifying the polymorphic region using polymerase chain reaction(PCR), restriction enzyme digestion and gel electrophoresis. Result: The genotype distributions for G/G, G/A and A/A genotypes of IL-6 -597 were 30.8%, 40.4%, and 28.8% in the GAP group and 53.3%, 40%, and 6.7% in the control group and were statistically different between 2 groups(p<0.05). Allele 2 frequency of IL-6 -597 were significantly higher in the GAP group than the control group(p<0.01). At the position of IL-6 -572, the distribution for C/C, C/G and G/G genotypes were 23.1%, 55.8% and 21.2% in the GAP group and 20%, 33.3%, and 46.7% in the control group. In female subjects, the genotype distribution were significantly different between 2 groups(p<0.01). In male subjects, allele 2 frequency of IL-6-572 was significantly lower in the GAP group than the control group(p<0.05). The genotype distribution of IL-6 -174 in the GAP group were 96.2%, 3.8% for G/G, G/C genotypes whereas only the G/G genotype was detected in the control group. Conclusion: In conclusion, significant associations were found in IL-6 gene promoter(-597, -572) polymorphisms and generalized aggressive periodontitis. Further cohort study will be necessary in larger population.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 1983

The purpose of the present study is to obtain some fundamental data for hygienic control of sanitary indicative bacteria of sea water in fish preservatory tanks at popular swimming beaches in Busan including Songdo, Kwanganri, Haeundae and Songjeong from July to August in 1982. The geometric mean values of coliform group and fecal coliform MPN (most probable number) of sea water of Kwanganri were 27,300/100ml and 8,700/100ml respectively, which showed the highest population of the study regions. MPN's of the sea water of beaches and fish preservatory tanks showed 21,000/100ml and 8,800/100ml respectively at Kwanganri, which were also the highest numbers. The degree of the hygienic bacteriological populations of both the seawater and that of the fish tanks at a same region showed similar trend. The pollution caused by coliform group generally increased as viable cell counts increased. The types of coliform organisms isolated from seawater in fish presorvatory tanks by IMViC reaction were 42% Escherichia coli group, 2% Citrobacter freundii group, 44% Klebsiella aerogenes group and 12% others.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.319-326
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• 2002

$SrCl_2:Eu^{2+}$ phosphors were prepared by the solid phase reaction method, and their photostimulated luminescence(PSL) and photoluminescence(PL) characteristics were investigated. The PSL and PL peak of the $SrCl_2:Eu^{2+}$ phosphors are due to the $5d{\rightarrow}4f$ transition of $Eu^{2+}$ ions in phosphors. The PSL and PL spectrum obtained by the 355nm excitation was observed in $380{\sim}440\;nm$ region with the peak at 407 nm. The dose response of the PSL phosphors were linear within $2.5\;mGy{\sim}200\;mGy$ of 100 kV X-ray. The fading of the phosphors at room temperature was approximately 60% after 20 min.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.16-20
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• 2016

In this work, we describe the synthesis and infrared light reflecting characteristics of $TiO_2$/mica hybrid composites. $TiO_2$/mica composite materials were obtained by the hydrolysis and condensation reaction of titanium isopropoxide in an aqueous solution of acetic acid in the presence of mica particles. Amorphous phase of $TiO_2$ on the surface of mica was converted to the crystalline rutile phase via anatase phase by heat treatment ($600-1000^{\circ}C$, 1-3 h) of $TiO_2$/mica composite materials, and the size of crystals was controlled by heat treatment conditions. Physicochemical properties of mica and $TiO_2$/mica composites were investigated using FE-SEM, ED-XRF, and PXRD. The solar reflectance of $TiO_2$/mica composites in the near IR region (780~2,500 nm) measured using a diffuse reflectance NIR spectrophotometer was 88.6%, which is rather higher than that of calcined pure mica (86.6%). Therefore, $TiO_2$/mica composites can be used as NIR light reflective pigments.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.50-56
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• 2013

The radiation effects on the auto-ignition and extinction characteristics of a non-premixed fuel-air counterflow field were numerically investigated. A detailed reaction mechanism of GRI-v3.0 was used for the calculation of chemical reactions and the optically-thin radiation model was adopted in the simulations. The flame-controlling continuation method was also used in the simulation to predict the auto-ignition point and extinction limits precisely. As a result, it was found that the maximum H radical concentration, $(Y_H)_{max}$, rather than the maximum temperature was suitable to understand the ignition and extinction behaviors. S-, C- and O-curves, which were well known from the previous theory, were identified by investigating the $(Y_H)_{max}$. The radiative heat loss fraction ($f_r$) and spatially-integrated heat release rate (IHRR) were introduced to grasp each extinction mechanism. It was also found that the $f_r$ was the highest at the radiative extinction limit. At the flame stretch extinction limit, the flame was extinguished due to the conductive heat loss which attributed to the high strain rate although the heat release rate was the highest. The radiation affected on the radiative extinction limit and auto-ignition point considerably, however the effect on the flame stretch extinction limit was negligible. A stable flame regime defined by the region between each extinction limit became wide with increasing the fuel temperature.