Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences

Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies (아세아태평양축산학회)
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Characterizing Milk Production Related Genes in Holstein Using RNA-seq

  • Seo, Minseok (Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University) ;
  • Lee, Hyun-Jeong (Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University) ;
  • Kim, Kwondo (Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University) ;
  • Caetano-Anolles, Kelsey (Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois) ;
  • Jeong, Jin Young (Division of Animal Products R&D, National Institute of Animal Science) ;
  • Park, Sungkwon (Animal Nutritional & Physiology Team, National Institute of Animal Science) ;
  • Oh, Young Kyun (Animal Nutritional & Physiology Team, National Institute of Animal Science) ;
  • Cho, Seoae (CHO&KIM genomics) ;
  • Kim, Heebal (Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University)
  • Received : 2015.06.18
  • Accepted : 2015.10.25
  • Published : 2016.03.01
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Abstract

Although the chemical, physical, and nutritional properties of bovine milk have been extensively studied, only a few studies have attempted to characterize milk-synthesizing genes using RNA-seq data. RNA-seq data was collected from 21 Holstein samples, along with group information about milk production ability; milk yield; and protein, fat, and solid contents. Meta-analysis was employed in order to generally characterize genes related to milk production. In addition, we attempted to investigate the relationship between milk related traits, parity, and lactation period. We observed that milk fat is highly correlated with lactation period; this result indicates that this effect should be considered in the model in order to accurately detect milk production related genes. By employing our developed model, 271 genes were significantly (false discovery rate [FDR] adjusted p-value<0.1) detected as milk production related differentially expressed genes. Of these genes, five (albumin, nitric oxide synthase 3, RNA-binding region (RNP1, RRM) containing 3, secreted and transmembrane 1, and serine palmitoyltransferase, small subunit B) were technically validated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in order to check the accuracy of RNA-seq analysis. Finally, 83 gene ontology biological processes including several blood vessel and mammary gland development related terms, were significantly detected using DAVID gene-set enrichment analysis. From these results, we observed that detected milk production related genes are highly enriched in the circulation system process and mammary gland related biological functions. In addition, we observed that detected genes including caveolin 1, mammary serum amyloid A3.2, lingual antimicrobial peptide, cathelicidin 4 (CATHL4), cathelicidin 6 (CATHL6) have been reported in other species as milk production related gene. For this reason, we concluded that our detected 271 genes would be strong candidates for determining milk production.

Keywords

References

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