• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.385-406
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• 2020

Objectives : To study the use of Cinnamomum cassia among the 394 prescriptions listed in Donguibogam Methods : After selecting a total of 394 prescriptions, 284 prescriptions with Cinnamon Cassia as the protagonist were analyzed and summarized in the table. In particular, the investigation was conducted by comparing the Cinnamomi Ramulus and Cinnamomi Cortex. Results : The Cinnamomum cassia is used in 52 fields of treatment such as common cold & flu diseases, abscess and stroke, etc. Prescriptions containing Cinnamomi Ramulus were most commonly used for cold disease. And prescriptions containing Cinnamomi Cortex were most commonly used for wind diseases. Prescriptions that utilize Cinnamomum cassia are used in the treatment of feeling of cold, numbness, low back pain, cough and so on. Prescriptions containing Cinnamomi Ramulus mainly treat cold disease. And prescriptions containing Cinnamomi Cortex treat mainly abdominal pain and diarrhea. 14 prescriptions of the same name are included with Cinnamomum cassia. The other unclassified Cinnamomum cassia is considered suitable for use with Cinnamomi Cortex. Cinnamomum cassia is only used as a raw material. Conclusions : According to the classification of Cinnamomum cassia, further study of prescription utilization is needed.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 1995

Diatomaceous earth, quarried from the remains of aquatic plants deposited millions of years ago, continues to be a very important raw material with many industrial uses. In its natural state, diatomaceous earth is an amorphous silica with no crystalline pattern. For many uses, however, it is calcinated and calcination converts a portion of the amorphous silica to a crystalline form, cristobalite which is far more fibrogenic. In a factory which produces calcinated diatomaceous earth, seven workers were proved as pneumoconiosis on 1991 and 1992. Authors reviewed medical chart and current status of them. Authors also examined thirty one subjects from the factory with questionnaire, physical examination, spirometry and chest radiography on August 13th 1993. The radiographs were independently interpreted by two radiologists and their findings were classified by International Classification of Radiography of Pneumoconiosis(ILO, 1980). Total and respirable dust of diatomaceous earth were measured on October 1993. The results were as follows; 1. Of 31 workers, 6 (19.4%) were diagnosed as diatomaceous earth pneumoconiosis. There was an increasing tendency in prevalence of pneumoconiosis as the duration of dust exposure gets longer. 2. There were no significant differences in age, smoking rate, alcohol drinking rate, and pulmonary function test results between cases and non-cases. 3. The means of total dust exposures at flour manufacturing, fire brick grinding and packaging, ceramic raws packaging processes exceeded Korean and ACGIH standards, $10mg/m^3$. Above results suggest that engineering controls, periodic environmental and medical surveillance are important for preventing pneumoconiosis in the diatomite factory.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.203-211
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• 2004

본 연구는 전문가를 대상으로 한 델파이(Delphi) 설문조사를 통하여 물가 변동에 따른 건설공사 계약 금액 조정(escalation) 제도의 문제점 및 개선 방안에 대하여 살펴본 결과이다. 조사 결과, 에스컬레이션의 요건이 되는 건설공사비의 등락률은 소비자 물가 변동률 혹은 건설 공사비 지수에 근거하여 결정하는 것이 바람직하며, 전문가의 의견을 보면, 총 공사금액의 $3\%$ 수준이 적정한 것으로 나타났다. 나아가 환율 및 국제 원자재 가격 등 단기적 충격 요인에 기인하는 자재 가격의 급등은 건설업체가 사전적으로 예측하여 대응하는 것이 어렵다. 따라서 단품슬라이드 제를 도입하여 특정 자재의 가격 급등에 대하여 에스컬레이션을 허용할 필요성이 있다. 등락률의 산정 방식으로는 지수조정률보다는 개별 공사의 특성을 정확하게 반영할 수 있는 품목조정률이 더 바람직한 것으로 평가되었다. 지수조정률이 합리적으로 기능하기 위하여는 품목별 공종별로 노임지수와 자재지수, 기계경비지수 등이 산출되어 발표될 필요성이 있다. 에스컬레이션의 기산일로서는 현행 법령에서는 계약 체결일로 규정되어 있으나, 계약 체결 이전부터 물가 변동이 발생한다는 점을 고려할 때, 입찰일로 규정하는것이 바람직하다.

• 복식
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• 제22권
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• pp.263-276
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• 1994

The achievement of notable social reoforms attained during the period of 19th and 20th centuries needlessly speaking remodelded the social environmental into several different patterns such as :1) high industrialization 2) propensity to consume 3) up graded overall social stands. Accordingly the industrial world of the but-tons too established the mess production syhstem by breaking from convention of hand-craft work of 17th century. The raw materials used in the production line on buttons during the 20th century are almost all-kind of materials one can possibly named including cheap plastic which enabled production lines to produce cheaper but higher productivities of the buttons being produced, The design (incused design) used in the 19-20h centuries are : men landscape, sports features, birds, livestocks, bugs, or geomatric features, tec, 1, The classification o f the buttons by materials Techniques shapes colors marking (Incused design) used in the productionof buttons in the England United States of America Laska Italy france Denmark Japan and India are categolizzed as : natural raw materials and syntetical resines. 1) Of the natural raw materials used are : Matal Enamel Iodine Agate, Coral, Green jade(Jasper) Granite, Wood, Ivory, Horn and bone etc. 2) The sythetical resin used in the button in-dustries are : Artificial jewell glass Acrylic material Styroform Celluloid and Nylon etc. 2. The thecnique quoted in producing buttons are hand craft work inlay work precision casting press mosic dye etching, processing, engraving and embossed carving etc. 3. The major designs used in the buttons in -dustries are : Round shape however elliptical column angular and edge shape often used. 4. The colors used are : The multi-colors were highly used than mono-colored materials such as : Adjoining Color and Contrast Color. The highest consideration to be considered in choosing the colors for the buttons are harmonization and matching factor with the garment or dresses to be wore. 5. The major design(incused design) on the buttons are embodiment and the design were also used in order of abstractive-combination abstractive with has offers much surprising. The button industries during the 19th and 20th centuries were not only the determination factors those can judge the value of self-pride of Nation and which were far beyond the in-dustrial arts in those days but also highly refelected and influenced by cultural sense ideology and self-pride of the Nation of those period. The followings are details of the role of the buttons categolized in the order of functional ornamental and symbolical aspects : 1. The functional role : The functional role of the buttons were simply designed for dress how-ever the buttons beyond from this role of function now a days. 2. The ornamental role : The ornamental role of he button beyond from this role of the button were effectuated by : 1) shape materials colors 2) technique locations size and design (incused design) 3) The ramaterials used for buttons shall not be over looked because it is highly depends on the taste sense and combination of harmony with the garment to be wore. 4) The color of the buttons are made well contrasted with the color of garments just as in the case of other artistical area such as matchs with the color of garment of contrast with brigtness of colors contrasted as complementary color and so and so. 5) The technique being adoped are: precision casting press handcraft inlay work etching mosic etc,. Since the buttons are no longer a simple catching devise used to fasten together the different part of the dress but now it has formed own and occupied the independent role in the garment or dresses location can be de-termined and varying depending on the ideas of designers. The size of the buttons has no specific limits, However the variation has widely dependined on the entire circumperence rhythm contrast harmonization of the garments. 3. The symbolical role : Since the button is no longer a just a simple devise for catching and fastening device used fastening together the different part of the garments but now were built a independent area as major part of the Garment and well reflected all kinds of occupations political background cultural as-pect etc. on the buttons. The design of buttons in the western circles are more simplified but they are polished looks and their techniques of manufacturing are comination of both machanis and handcraft. The colors used in the buttons are pretty well harmonized with garment(dress). Almost all kind of materials can be used in the but-tons however materials used in the buttons are : Bone of livestocks ivory, turtle shell are no longer used because the prevention of cruely of animal. On the contraly the level of buttons indus-try of Korea is far to reach and catch up with the level of western circles. It is highly suggested therefore the but-tons industrial field of Republic of Korea shall place and encouragement in producing beter industrial environment of the buttons based on the traditional and cultural aspect of republic of Korea to produce both manufacturing of qulified and best designed and colored buttons.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.339-344
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• 2006

유기성 폐자원을 퇴비원료로서 재활용하는데 대한 규정에는 현재 유기물과 8종의 중금속 함량에 대한 기준만 있기 때문에 미량원소(붕소, 코발트, 몰리브덴 및 셀레늄) 및 유해 유기화합물(PAHs) 함량을 기준 항목으로 추가하기 위하여 전국 6 2개소에서 채취한 16종에 대한 성분분석을 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 붕소의 경우 피혁오니가 $154.2mg\;kg^{-1}$, 식품오니가 $57.1mg\;kg^{-1}$로 가장 높았고, 코발트는 공단지역 하수오니에서 $95.2mg\;kg^{-1}$, 대도시 하수오니에서 $22.9mg\;kg^{-1}$, 몰리브덴은 식품오니에서 $16.8mg\;kg^{-1}$, 대도시 하수오니에서 $40.1mg\;kg^{-1}$, 셀레늄은 섬유오니에서 $28.1mg\;kg^{-1}$, 피혁오니에서 $16.9mg\;kg^{-1}$ 그리고 식품오니에서 $15.9mg\;kg^{-1}$으로 가장 높았다. 유해 유기화합물 중 총 PAHs는 제지오니에서 $3,462ug\;kg^{-1}$로 가장 높았고, PAHs의 성분별 비교해 보면, naphthalene, phenanthrene, pyrene, fluoroanthene, anthracene 및 acenaphthene의 함량이 다른 화합물보다 현저히 높은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 현재 우리나라에서 유기성자원의 퇴비원료로 활용에 대한 기준은 유기물함량과 중금속(8성분: Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb, Ni, Cd, As, Hg)으로 규제하고 있으나, 미량원소(B, Co, Mo, Se), 유해 유기화합물(PAHs)에 대한 보완연구를 통해 퇴비원료기준에 규제기준을 추가하여 선별체계를 확립한다면, 유기성 폐기물도 자원으로써 농업적인 재활용이 가능하다고 생각된다.