• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.2
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• pp.203-210
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of experimental warming using infrared lamps on seed germination and seedling survival rate of Pinus densiflora and Abies holophylla. The air temperature of warmed plots had been automatically maintained 3 higher than control plots. The percent germinations (%) of the two coniferous species were higher in warmed plots than in control plots, however a significant difference appeared only in A. holophylla. In addition, P. densiflora and A. holophylla showed the shorter mean germination time (days), higher germination rate ($seed{\cdot}day^{-1}$) and germination energy (%) in warmed plots than in control plots. A. holophylla showed a higher seedling mortality rate in the warmed plots than in control plots because of increased air and soil temperatures and decreased soil moisture. However, seedling survival rate of P. densiflora showed no significant difference by experimental warming. In the future, changed air and soil temperatures and soil moisture due to global warming will induce a variety of changes in seed germination and survival rate of tree species in nursery culture. Therefore, it is necessary to establish adaptation strategies that improve techniques in nursery culture against global warming.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.430-437
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• 2002

Having a variety of good characteristics against other pattern recognition techniques, the multilayer perceptron (MLP) has been widely used in speech recognition and speaker recognition. But, it is known that the error backpropagation (EBP) algorithm that MLP uses in learning has the defect that requires restricts long learning time, and it restricts severely the applications like speaker recognition and speaker adaptation requiring real time processing. Because the learning data for pattern recognition contain high redundancy, in order to increase the learning speed it is very effective to use the online-based learning methods, which update the weight vector of the MLP by the pattern. A typical online EBP algorithm applies the fixed learning rate for each update of the weight vector. Though a large amount of speedup with the online EBP can be obtained by choosing the appropriate fixed rate, firing the rate leads to the problem that the algorithm cannot respond effectively to different learning phases as the phases change and the number of patterns contributing to learning decreases. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a Changing rate and Omitting patterns in Instant Learning (COIL) method to apply the variable rate and the only patterns necessary to the learning phase when the phases come to change. In this paper, experimentations are conducted for speaker verification and speech recognition, and results are presented to verify the performance of the COIL.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.439-452
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• 2000

This study sought to figure out women's needs during early postpartum for developing adequate nursing intervention toward postpartal women's healthy adaptation. A convenience sample of 89 women who are in the early postpartal period and admitted in a university hospital located in Seoul, Korea was studied from July 1, 1999 to August 13. 1999. 1. The age group of 26-30 years was 52.8% and the level of education above high school 91%. 67.6% of women had no job, 62.9% had experienced one time of delivery, and 52.8% had no experience of abortion. 2. 31.5% of women received prenatal education, 44.9% only postpartal education. 77.5% of women planned breast-feeding, and 53.9% of women had an experience of breast-feeding during hospital stay. For the feeling of confidence related to the self-care, 27% only expressed 'yes. I have' and 59.5% 'just a little bit'. For the feeling of confidence related to the baby rearing, 29.2% only expressed 'yes. I have' and 60.7% 'just a little bit'. 3. The rate of postpartal women's mother as a preferred non-professional care giver was the highest, 75.3%. The rate of the style of Sanhujori highly preferred and planned at this time was at postpartal women's maiden home or her home with mother, 58.4%, 47.7% respectively. It shows that women still wish to have traditional Sanhuiori at home. 4. The mean of nursing need of postpartal women was 4.25% and it means that universally the degree of nursing need during postpartum is still high. General nursing need (4.29) was higher than that of traditional Sanhujori (4.09), however, the need of Sanhujori is still high. 5. Specifically, the degree of nursing need according to the category of needs was 'educational need for baby rearing,' 4.43; 'emotional-psychological care', 4.41; 'environmental care,' 4.31; 'self-care,' 4.14; and 'physical care,' 3.85 in rank. The educational need core of the specific method about Sanhuiori (4.35) was second to the highest among 15 items of self-care. 6. The related factors to the degree of nursing need were age to physical care; educational level, plan of breast feeding and experience of breast feeding during hospital stay to emotional-psychological care; and the feeling of confidence in baby rearing to environmental care. 7. There was highly positive correlation between the degree of traditional Sanhujori need and general care need(r=.77). This result strongly reflects that there is a necessity of professional care givers' capability to consider the integrative care reflecting the socio-cultural need for women's healthy adaptation during postpartum. It provides a challenge to the professional care givers to research further on the effects of Sanhuiori on the health status, health recovery after abortion or delivery from the various aspects through the cross-sectional and longitudinal research for the refinement of the reality of Sanhuiori not only as cultural phenomenon but as an inseparable factor influencing on women's postpartal healthy adaptation and for the appropriateness of intervention and quality of care for desirable health outcome.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.183-200
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• 1989

An experiment was conducted at the greenhouse of the International Rice Research Institute in 1987 to find out the character of dry matter production, the potential seed production ability and the ecological and physiological strategies to adaptation. For these, two rice cultivars, IR64(lowland rice) and UPLRi-5(upland rice), and seven weed species were used ; Echinochloa glabrescens Munro ex Hook. f., E. cress-galls ssp. hispidula (Retz.) Honda, E. colons (L.) Link, Monochoria vaginalis (Burin. f.), Ludwigia octovalvis Jacq.) Raven, Fimbristylis miliacea Vahl and Cyperus difformis L. Adaptation strategies of weed species varied by species. However, they had efficient seed production strategy through different ways. In general, sedge weed species (F. miliacea and C. difformis) produced great amount of seeds at the expense of seed size through greater ratooning ability and low relative dry weight for flowering. For broadleaved weed species, greater number of descendants were obtained through high plasticity and low relative dry weight for flowering (M. vaginalis) or greater growth ability through effective photosynthetic efficiency (L. octovalvis). Grass weed species, on the other hand, produced their seeds through effective growth (net assimilation rate and relative growth rate), high ratooning ability (except E. crus-galls ssp. hispidula) or low relative dry weight to maximum dry weight for flowering (E. glabrescens). The harvest indices of the weed species were considerably lower than those of rice. Fimbristylis miliacea had the greatest ratooning ability followed by C. difformis, E. colons and E. glabrescens. The greatest seed productivity was recorded by C. difformis (279, 000) and L. octovalvis (268,000) while rice produced the least number of seeds (1300-6100). Log seed weight had a negative linear relationship with log seed number (y=6.30-1.48X, $R=-0.965^{**}$). For all species plant plasticity response was not directly correlated with mortality response.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.474-478
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• 2008

A new covered barley variety, "Geungangbori" was developed from the cross between Milyang 55 which have lodging tolerance and easy brittleness and Suweon 260 with good quality by barley breeding team in the Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute (YARI) in 2002. A promising line, YMB3855-3B-14-1-1-1, was selected in 1999. It was designated as the name of Milyang 110. It was prominent and had good result from regional adaptation yield trials (RAT) for three years from 2000 to 2002 and released as the name of "Geungangbori". Geungangbori is resistant to barley yellow mosaic virus and moderately resistant to powdery mildow. The average maturing date was same with Olbori on paddy field in regional adaptation yield trials for 2000-2002. Its culm length is 17 cm shorter than that of Olbori and the spike length is 4.4cm, it's longer than olbori. The 1,000 grain weight of Geungangbori was 34 g, same as Olbori, but the number of spikes per $m^2$ and test weight ware lower than those of Olbori. The yield potential of Geungangbori was 4.22 MT/ha on paddy in regional adaptation yield trials for 2000-2002. which was 7% higher than that of Olbori. The cooking quality of Geungangbori were similar to Olbori such as water absorption rate and expansion rate. But the crude protein content is lower than Olbori. This variety is suitable for double cropping system with rice in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.245-257
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to validate caregiver outcomes included Nursing Outcomes Classification(NOC) developed by Johnson and Maas at the University of Iowa. A sample of 73 nurse experts working in university affiliated hospitals participated in this study. They were asked to rate indicators that examplified the outcomes on a scale of 1(indicator is not at all characteristic) to 5(indicator is very characteristic). A questionnaire with an adaptation of Fehring's methodology was used to establish the content validity of outcomes. The results were as follow: 1. Eight outcome label were considered to be 'supporting' and three outcome label were considered to be 'nonsupporting'. 2. 'Caregiver-Patient Relationship' attained an OCV score of 0.64 and the highest OCV score among caregiver outcomes.. 3. 'Caregiver Emotional Health' attained an OCV score of 0.54 and the lowest OCV score among caregiver outcomes. Replication study will be needed and outcomes sensitive to Korean culture need to be developed.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.6 no.11
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• pp.2922-2931
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• 1999

In this paper, we propose a new framework for scalable media object to adapt the various QoS requirements in the heterogeneous networking environment. An MPEG-2 video is split into a set of scalable media objects in terms of temporal scaling and fidelity scaling. The portion of the scalable media objects is selectively delivered to adapt the QoS requirement. This framework can satisfy the various QoS requirements on bandwidth, even though the clients share a multipoint channel. By analysis on the rate-distortion characteristics of scalable media object framework, we shows our approach is feasible to support the various QoS requirements.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.391-393
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• 2005

최근 유비쿼터스 네트워크 환경을 구축하기 위해 많은 무선 통신 기술들이 등장하였다. 그 중 무선랜 기술은 쉬운 설치와 저렴한 비용 덕에 폭발적인 보급이 이루어 겼다. IEEE 802.11 표준을 기반으로 만들어진 무선랜은 여러 개의 전송속도를 지원한다. 대표적으로 802.11b는 1, 2, 5.5, 11MbPs의 4가지 전송속도를 지원한다. 낮은 전송속도로 전송을 하면 패킷 전송시간은 증가하지만 비트 에러율은 감소된다. 각각의 전송속도에 따라 다른 패킷 전송 성공률을 갖게 된다. 한 무선랜 AP에 연결된 노드들은 각자 자신의 처리율을 최대화할 수 있는 전송속도를 결정하여 사용하게 된다. 이러한 상황은 전체 시스템 성능에는 문제를 발생시킬 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 각자의 전송속도를 각자가 결정하는 것이 전체 시스템 성능에 문제를 발생시키는 경우를 보이고, 그것을 해결하기 위해 AP가 각 노드의 전송속도를 결정하는 기법을 제안한다. 나아가 무선랜에서의 문제점인 Performance Anomaly 현상을 해결하고, [3]에서 언급된 Inefficient Equilibria 현상도 막아본다.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.99-113
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• 2015

Adaptive bitrate (ABR) streaming technology has become an important and prevalent feature in many multimedia delivery systems, with content providers such as Netflix and Amazon using ABR streaming to increase bandwidth efficiency and provide the maximum user experience when channel conditions are not ideal. Where such systems could see improvement is in the delivery of live video with a closed loop cognitive control of video encoding. In this paper, we present streaming camera system which provides spatially and temporally adaptive video streams, learning the user's preferences in order to make intelligent scaling decisions. The system employs a hardware based H.264/AVC encoder for video compression. The encoding parameters can be configured by the user or by the cognitive system on behalf of the user when the bandwidth changes. A cognitive video client developed in this study learns the user's preferences (i.e. video size over frame rate) over time and intelligently adapts encoding parameters when the channel conditions change. It has been demonstrated that the cognitive decision system developed has the ability to control video bandwidth by altering the spatial and temporal resolution, as well as the ability to make scaling decisions

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.464-477
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• 2011

Purposes: The purpose of this study was to identify recent trends of experimental research by analyzing doctoral dissertations in all colleges of nursing in Korea. Methods: The areas of research, the content, methodological and intervention characteristics used in this study were explored in experimental research on doctoral dissertations (n=132) published from 2006 to 2010. Results: In the issues of research, practice/clinical issues were most frequently used. As to outcome measurement, physiological variables increased more than psychological/emotional variables. Most theory applied in the research was taken from other disciplines, and nursing theory was only Roy's adaptation theory. A large majority of the research was quasi-experimental designs and the number of true-experimental designs was very low. In more than half of the dissertations, internal validity was not described, and the described external validity rate was very low. There were more single intervention programs than bundle ones and education/exercise programs were most frequently used as the source of intervention. Conclusion: Doctoral dissertations need to increase and encourage more high quality experimental research to expand nursing knowledge and to develop evidence based nursing practice.