• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.119-130
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was designed to examine the effects of Therapeutic Play Program on the pre-operative anxiety of the preschoolers. The design of this study is a quasi experimental study of non-equivalent control group pre-test/post-test design. Method: The subjects of this study were the hospitalized preschoolers receiving an operation in C University Hospital. These totalled 60 and were divided into a 30-person-control-group and a 30-person-experimental-group. The data was collected from June 1 to October 5, 2002. The Experimental treatment was carried out according to Therapeutic Play Program developed by Researcher. The instruments used in this study were the observational records for Hospitalized preschooler's Anxiety behavior response, pulse rate, and respiration rate of the preschooler's. The collected data were analyzed with real numbers, percentage, t-test, and $X^2$-test, using SPSS WIN 11.0 program. Result: Hypothesis, "The experimental group provided with a Therapeutic Play Program would show a lower score of the pre-operative anxiety behavior(t=13.79, p=.00), pre-operative pulse(t=4.50, p=.00) and pre-operative respiration rate(t=4.29, p=.00) response than when the control group was not provided", was supported. Conclusion: Therapeutic Play Program is determined to be useful for reducing Pre-operative anxiety of the preschoolers.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.147-155
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• 2017

A new endurance test-pattern generation on NAND-flash memory is proposed to improve test cost. We mainly focus on the correlation between the data-pattern and the device error-rate during endurance testing. The novelty is the development of testing method using quasi-random pattern based on device architectures in order to increase the test efficiency during time-consuming endurance testing. It has been proven by the experiments using the commercial 32 nm NAND flash-memory. Using the proposed method, the error-rate increases up to 18.6% compared to that of the conventional method which uses pseudo-random pattern. Endurance testing time using the proposed quasi-random pattern is faster than that of using the conventional pseudo-random pattern since it is possible to reach the target error rate quickly using the proposed one. Accordingly, the proposed method provides more low-cost testing solutions compared to the previous pseudo-random testing patterns.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 2007

There are concerns that chemical residues could harm the consumer on the environment, although 50 to 80% of the crops would be destroyed by pests and others without agrochemicals. Environmental fate and ecotoxicity studies are usually carried out to assess the impact on the human and the environment. A comparision of the Daphnia magnia and Simocephalus mixtus toxicity was performed to study the relative sensitivities and discrimination abilities to agriculture chemicals. The species of Simocephalus mixtus was more sensitive to agriculture chemicals than Daphnia magnia. Simocephalus mixtus was approved to be a water flea in determining insecticide and pesticide toxicity by heart-beat rate in a consistency and repeatability. The order of acute toxicity to water flea Daphnia magnia for ecotoxicity test was carbaryl>benomyl>amtirole with both Daphnia magnia and Simocephalus mixtus. The heartbeat pattern after the exposure to agrochemicals was different from that of exposure to heavy metals. Agrochemical leathal concentration test with heartbeat rate measurement was found to be more appropriate than inhibition concentration test with respect to toxicological endpoint.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.161-167
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• 2001

Background and Objectives： Total laryngectomy is often required for advanced cases. But this operation induced the many inconvenience of basic daily life. Early diagnosis of laryngeal cancer is very important to prevent from this disastrous condition. In this point of view, mass screening test for early detection of laryngeal cancer is necessary. Screening test using voice has many advantages such as simple, less interventional. Voice collection by Automatic Response System(ARS) is comfortable and easy to got acoustic sample. Thus author tried to got the acoustic parameters which can differentiate normal, benign. and malignant laryngeal diseases and also checked the availability of parameters on neural network system. Materials and Methods: Author has evaluated the voice from 17 laryngeal cancer patients and 45 benign laryngeal disease patients who visited at Department of Otolaryngology, Pusan National University Hospital from May 1998 to April 2001, and 15 normal control. Author chose the sir Parameters (Jitt. vFo, Shim, vAm, NHR, SPI) that was thought to be related with voice collected by ARS among thirty-three parameters analysed by a Multi-Dimensional Voice Program (MDVP). Two-step neural network was used for the availability of six parameters. Results: The detection rate of normal voice by ARS voice analysis is 78.5% and detection rate of abnormal voice was 97.1 o/o. Among abnormal voice, the detection rate of benign laryngeal diseases and laryngeal cancers were 82.4 o/o, 70.6% respectively. Conclusion: Author concluded that six parameters and Matlab based neural network software may be effective in development of acoustic screening system for laryngeal cancer and further study should be necessary for development of new acoustic parameters.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.387-394
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• 2010

The influent COD of municipal wastewater has been divided into 4 fractions; readily soluble biodegradable, slowly particulate biodegradable, soluble and particulate unbiodegradable COD. The mathematical modeling of biological wastewater treatment processes and the design and operation of nutrient removal plants require a reliable and accurate estimate of the composition of influent wastewater COD. COD utilization rate is proportional to the oxygen uptake rate(OUR), so a batch biodegradation test with OUR measurement has been effectively used for the determination of COD fractionation. But the mathematical model of COD utilization and heterotrophs synthesis is essential to interpret the OUR measurement. Mamais method is another method for determining readily biodegradable soluble COD. Like the OUR test method, batch biodegradation test is necessary but it does not require mathematical model. These two methods for determining COD fractionation are introduced here in detail. Experimental results showed that COD composition by Mamais method is not different to that by OUR test method so, either of them can be used.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2008

The reduced scale fire test provides basic data but it is not enough to analysis real fire problem directly because there is no exact analogy theory between a real fire and the reduced scale model. Therefore, we have developed the 10 MW large scale calorimeter in order to real scale fire test. This advanced large scale calorimeter used for physical properties such as a heat release rate, based upon consumption of $O_2$ method. Using the heptane pool fire, we carried out the calibration in order to evaluation for heat release rate. It is approve that this facility has the reliability and it is capable of applying to the advance fire research in the future.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.339-346
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• 2017

In this study, thermal performance test of VMD module was performed, prior to the construction of the demonstration plant using the vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) module of the capacity of $400m^3/day$ and to the commercialization of the VMD module. For the thermal performance test, the experimental equipment of capacity of $2m^3/day$ was constructed. The permeate flux test and thermal performance test according to feed water conditions such as temperature and flow rate were conducted. The VMD module used in the study was manufactured by ECONITY Co., LTD with PVDF hollow fiber membrane. As a result, the Performance Ratio (PR) of the VMD module showed the maximum value of 0.904 under the condition of feed water temperature of $75^{\circ}C$ and flow rate of $8m^3/h$. PR value of the VMD module using PVDF hollow fiber membrane showed linearly increasing relationship with feed water temperature and flow rate. Also, The permeate flux of the VMD module was analyzed to have maximum value of 18.25 LMH and the salt rejection was 99.99%.

• Journal of Ceramic Processing Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.200-207
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• 2020

The self-healing fiber-reinforced composite (abbreviation: shFRC) was made by adding SiC, a self-healing material, between an Al₂O₃ matrix and an Al₂O₃ continuous fiber. shFRC has the characteristic of healing the reduced strength by self-healing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the damage and healing of new composite material, shFRC, and define new failure criteria. The test method used in this study was a high temperature creep test. The interface fracture behavior with time was investigated by analyzing the creep rate. The creep test conditions were 137 MPa and 150 MPa at 1,000 ℃, and 68.5 MPa, 100 MPa, and 137 MPa at 1,200 ℃, respectively. As a result, the crack propagation of 1,000 ℃ was stopped by healing, and the creep rate was zero. The crack healing part was higher than the strength before the crack formation. Due to the rapid hardening of the interface and the decrease in strength of the fiber, delayed fracture behavior was not observed at 1,200 ℃. If the crack is stopped by self-healing at a constant load, shFRC can use that load stress as the allowable stress. However, when the reaction rate of the interface is markedly rapid, crack propagation is difficult to control.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.13-20
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• 2007

The objective of this study is to investigate endurance test of localization part for T-50 aircraft engine. Major localization parts of the engine (F404-STW-102) was performed using Accelerated Simulated Mission Engine Test. The purpose of this test is to evaluate of quality demonstration capability, to verify design of engine localization parts, and to improvement safety and operation rate of T-50 advanced trainer by finding out operational problems in production phase and fixing it.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.65-75
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• 2019

Purpose - Along with Chinese exchange rate's reform advancement, the issue of exchange rate of RMB has increasingly become the heated focus in the world. In July 2005, China carried out the reform of the exchange rate system, and this behavior has aroused the attention of the world. However, the dispute on whether the theory of purchasing power parity holds or not in China still exists. As such, this paper will attempt to explore whether the purchasing power parity is significant in China. Research design, data, and methodology - The monthly data from July 2005 to December 2017 will be employed to analyze the nominal exchange rate of RMB against the US dollar and the nominal exchange rate of RMB against the euro. Based on these datum, an empirical analysis will be conducted under the unit root test and the cointegration test to exploit the significance of purchasing power parity in China. Results - The findings of this paper reveal that an increase in China's consumer price index will lead to an increase in the RMB exchange rate, which will lead to the depreciation of RMB. Concomitantly, an increase in the consumer price index in the US and Europe will result in a decrease in the RMB exchange rate, which will lead to an appreciation of RMB. In general, in terms of the US, if US consumer price index increases by 1%, China's nominal exchange rate against US dollar will decrease by 0.905%; if China's consumer price index increases by 1%, China's nominal exchange rate against US dollar will increase by 0.648%. In terms of Europe, if Europe consumer price index increases by 1%, China's nominal exchange rate against euro will decrease by 0.277%; If China's consumer price index increases by 1%, China's nominal exchange rate against euro will increase by 0.235%. Conclusions - Generally speaking, the empirical evidences this paper provided show that the purchasing power parity theory has a certain explanatory ability for the decision of RMB exchange rate. As such, the purchasing power parity cannot hold completely, and China's government should continue to deepen the reform of the exchange rate system to improve China's exchange rate market.