• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.40-47
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• 1997

Dietary peptides have recently received attention regarding their beneficial effects on nutrient metabolism since the caseinphosphoptides obtained from casein hydrolysate are generally believed to enhance the intestinal absorption of Ca. The two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of various hydrolyzed fractions of gluten on Ca bioavailability. The gluten hydrolysate of dietary components was produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of gluten whereas gluten hydrolysate supernationt and its precipiate resulted from centrifugation. In experiment I, the rats were for 4 weeks fed the 4 kinds of diets containing same amount of nitrogen and calories and diffeing only in the forms of nitrogen sources. The diets were gluten (G), gluten hydrolysat(GH), gluten hydrolysate supernatant(GHS) and gluten hydrolysate precipitatie(GHP). Determination was made for the body weight gain, serum Ca concentration, Ca solubility in small intestinal contents, bone weight, length and stength, bone ash and Ca content, and Ca balance, respectively. No significant difference was noticed as regards growth, serum Ca, and bone dimension and Ca content among rat groups. More significant increase was observed with regard to Ca absorption and intestinal solubility in the rats receiving the GH or GHS diet which containe crude gluten peptides, than in those subjected to G or GHP diet. In experiment II, in vitro determination for Ca solubility was made to ascertain the mechanism responsible for the effects of gluten peptides on Ca absorption. The 10mM Ca in potassium phosphate buffer solution(pH 7.0) incubated for 3 hours at 37$^{\circ}C$ by the GHS fraction, was observed to be capable of increasing the Ca solubility at 5-25mg/ml concentration of gluten peptides. These observations suggest that the gluten peptides from gluten hydrolysate may enhance the Ca absorption efficiency by increasing the solubility of Ca in small intestine.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.249-255
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• 2008

Objective : In Moyamoya disease, the primary goal of treatment is to improve collateral circulation through angiogenesis. In the present study, we obtained and sub-cultured bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) from rats without a cell-mediated immune response. Then, we injected the labeled BMSCs directly into adjacent temporal muscle during encephalomyosynangiosis (EMS). Three weeks after BMSC transplantation, we examined the survival of the cells and the extent of neovascularization. Methods : We divided 20 rats into a BMSC transplantation group (n=12) and a control group (n=8). Seven days after the induction of chronic cerebral ischemia, an EMS operation was performed, and labeled BMSCs ($1{\times}106^6/100\;{\mu}L$) were injected in the temporal muscle for the transplantation group, while an equivalent amount of culture solution was injected for the control group. Three weeks after the transplantation, temporal muscle and brain tissue were collected for histological examination and western blot analysis. Results : The capillary/muscle ratio in the temporal muscle was increased in the BMSC transplantation group compared to the control group, showing a greater increase of angiogenesis (p<0.05). In the brain tissue, angiogenesis was not significantly different between the two groups. The injected BMSCs in the temporal muscle were vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-positive by immunofluorescence staining. In both temporal muscle and brain tissue, the expression of VEGF by western blot analysis was not much different between the two groups. Conclusion : During EMS in a chronic cerebral ischemia rat model, the injection of BMSCs resulted in accelerated angiogenesis in the temporal muscle compared to the control group.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.578-583
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• 2012

The pharmacological therapies and whole body vibration as non-pharmacological therapies were known to have adverse side effects. Therefore, partial stimulation was suggested and its effects were evaluated. This study aimed to evaluate the site-specific effects of partial stimulator for treatment of osteoporosis induced by estrogen deficiency. Sixteen virginal Sprague-Dawley rats (12 weeks old) were divided into 2 groups(no stimulation, stimulation groups). All rats were ovariectomised to induce osteoporosis. After 3 weeks of operation, the right tibiae in rats of stimulation group (frequency: 10Hz, cycle: 1500, strain on bone surface: $2000{\mu}{\varepsilon}$) were stimulated perpendicularly at right tibia by using partial stimulator for 6 weeks (3days/week). The right tibiae in rats were scanned, before stimulation (0 week) and at 6 weeks after stimulation by using in-vivo micro computed tomography. For investigation of changes in morphological characteristics, structural parameters were measured and calculated. At 6 weeks the morphological characteristics (relative value) in stimulation group were significantly enhanced than those in no stimulation group (p<0.05). In this study, we find that after 6 weeks of partial stimulation, the morphological characteristics of tibia trabecular bone were enhanced. Thus, we concluded that partial stimulation could be used to treat osteoporosis.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.23-36
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• 1973

This study was designed to compare the effect of dietary intakes on different quality protein & levels of caloric consumption supplemented by sugar at the level of 26% of total caloric intakes. 30 males and same number of females of Albino rats, aged 30-40 days were devided into following six groups, 5 rats each. ACO Group: Ad libitum, Casein, no sugar group ACS Group: Ad libitum, Casein, 26% sugar supplemented group RBO Group: 50% restriction,Bean, no sugar group RBS Group: 50% restriction, Bean, 26% sugar supplemented group RAO Group: 50% restriction, Anchovy, no sugar group RAS Group: 50% restriction, Anchovy, 26% sugar supplemented group The rats were kept in individual cage and given 6 different diet for 12 weeks. The result of this study were elucidated as follow. Body weight gained and organ weight showed no significant differences between sugar supplemented group and the others. It was noteworthy that the shrinkage of female sex organ supplemented by sugar in the diet showed lower degree than that of compared groups in this study. In other word, degree of shrinkage due to protein-caloric restriction was decreased by sugar supplementation. Nitrogen Metabolism and total nitrogen retention were not observed any significant differences between sugar supplemented group and the others. Dental caries showed higher incidence for sugar supplemented groups. Hematology and bone growth showed no differences in this study. The similar results on the metabolic effects concerned the above view Points were obtained in the different protein groups such as bean & anchovy as protein sources in the diet. Caloric restriction Produced a lower growth-rate, lower body weight and poorer long bone growth. But composition of bone ash, concentration of nitrogen, calcium and blood glucose, liver fats and liver water content maintenanced at the same levels of standard group.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.303-310
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• 2013

Velvet deer antler (VDA) is well known oriental medicine claimed to have tonic activities as improving bone mineral density (BMD), immune-enhancing, rejuvenating and many other medicinal activities. Ossified deer antler (ODA) is bony product produced by over-calcification of deer antler due to late harvesting. The extraction efficiency of ODA by conventional boiling in water must be very poor due to bony nature, hence the reputations for the medicinal efficacies of ODA has been highly under-evaluated compared to that of VDA without any experimental evidences. Employing our new efficient water extraction process ($135^{\circ}C$), the extracts of ODA and VDA were analysed to compare the contents of bioactive components and the potencies of pharmacological activities. The results showed that; 1) The $135^{\circ}C$ extraction (autoclaving) of ODA gave highly increased amount of biomass, 120% more than the conventional extraction by 100-boiling, whereas the same treatment for VDA showed only 15% increased amount of biomass. 2) Feeding the ODA- or VDA-extracts to oophorectomized rats showed very potent BMD-recovering activity. 3) During the ossification of deer antler, the total collagen content was found to be increased by addition of type-1 to pre-existing type-2 collagen, but not replacement of type-2 to type-1 collagen. High titer of peptide hormones like growth hormone and IGF-1 were detected in the ODA- and VDA-extracts and also in the serum of ODA- or VDA-treated oophorectomized animals dose-dependently. Present experimental data will give a conclusion that folkloric poor reputations on ODA must be concerned only with poor extraction efficiency of conventional $100^{\circ}C$ water extraction and not based on the composition of bioactive substances of ODA.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.431-437
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• 2005

Fibrin glue is composed of fibrinogen and thrombin and used in various regions for multiple use. Basic principle is that thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin in the presence of $Ca^{2+}$. The structure of fibrin is loose at the beginning, but after about 5 minutes a tight structure is formed under the influence of factor VIII which changes fibrin monomer into fibrin polymer. Fibrin glue is used for tissue adhesive, suture, local hemostasis, wound healing, closure of subdural space. Fibrin adhesive has been used in oral and maxillofacial surgery for hemostasis after tooth extraction in patients with coagulation disorders, skin graft fixation, reattachment of periodontal flaps, in combination with autogenous bone chips to fill the bony cavities following cyst removal, and for securing the hydroxyapatite granules for maxillary alveolar ridge augmentation. This study was designed for researching influence of fibrin glue during healing phase after making artificial bone defect.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.23 no.2 s.41
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• pp.199-216
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to quantify the biologic effects of the tensile forces from helical springs across the maxillary incisors on the periodontal tissues of rats. 39 Sprague-Dawlely rats were divided into a control group(3 rats) and three experimental groups(36 rats)-group 1, pressured with a light force(50-75g), group 2, with a heavy force(250-300g) and group 3, with a hen force(250-300g) plus laser irradiation. Autoradiographic and histopathologic observations were performed in 12, 24, 48 and 96 hours after force application. The result were as follow : 1. Hyalinized zone of periodontal ligament began to appear at pressure side in 12 hours in group 2 and group 3 ; all decreased in 96 hours except in group 2. 2. Alveolar bone resorption began to appear in 12 hours in group 2 and group 3 ; Group 2 showed more resorption than group 1 and no difference to group 3. 3. Tearing of periodontal ligament and vascular dilatation began to appear at tension side in 12 hours in all groups ; Group 2 showed more changes than group 1 and no difference to group 3 ; Decrease began to appear in 96 hours. 4. New bone formation began to appear at tension side in 12 hours and increased more and more ; No differences were shown of groups 5. New capillary proliferation began to appear at pressure side in 12 hours ; The changes were the greatest in group 3, group 2, group 1, in that order. 6. Positive reaction of cells to $[^3H]-thymidine$ was the greatest in 24 hours of all groups and decreased with times i Group 2 showed more reaction than group 1 and no difference to group 3.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.475-488
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to evaluate histologically the resorption and tissue response of various resorbable collagen membranes used for guided tissue regeneration and guided bone regeneration, using a subcutaneous model on the dorsal surface of the rat. In this study, 10 Sprague-Dawley male rats (mean BW 150gm) were used and the commercially available materials included acellular dermal matrix allograft, porcine collagen membrane, freeze-dried bovine dura mater. Animals were sacrificed at 2,6 and 8 weeks after implantation of various resorbable collagen membranes. Specimens were prepared with Hematoxylin-Eosin stain for light microscopic evaluation. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Resorption : Inner portion of porcine collagen membrane was resorbed a lot at 6 weeks, but its function was being kept for infiltration of another tissues were not observed. Freeze-dried bovine dura mater and acellular dermal allograft were rarely resorbed and kept their structure of outer portion for 8 weeks. 2. Inflammatory reactions : Inflammatory reaction was so mild and foreign body reaction didn't happen in all of resorbable collagen membranes, which showed their biocompatibility. 3. In all of resorbable collagen membranes, multinuclcated giant cells by foreign body reactions were not observed. Barrier membranes have to maintain their function for 4-6 weeks in guided tissue regeneration and at least 8 weeks in guided bone regeneration. According to present study, we can find all of the resorbable collagen membranes kept their function and structure for 8 weeks and were rarely resorbed. Foreign body reaction didn't happen and inflammatory reaction was so mild histologically. Therefore, all of collagen membranes used in this experiment were considered proper resorbable membranes for guided tissue regeneration and guided bone regeneration.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.157-164
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• 2017

This study was to evaluate the age-dependent effects of caffeine exposure on the long bones and reproductive organs using male rats. A total of 15 immature male rats and 15 young adult male rats were allocated randomly to three groups: a control group and two groups fed caffeine with 120 and 180 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks. Exposure to caffeine at either dose significantly reduced body weight gain; a proportional reduction in muscle and fat mass in immature animals, whereas a selective reduction in fat mass with relatively preserved muscle mass in young adult animals. The long bones of immature rats exposed to caffeine were significantly shorter and lighter than those of control animals along with decreased bone minerals. However, there was no difference in the length or weight of the long bones in young adult rats exposed to caffeine. Exposure to caffeine reduced the size and absolute weight of the testes significantly in immature animals in comparison to control animals, but not in young adult animals exposed to caffeine. In contrast, the adrenal glands were significantly heavier in caffeine-fed young adult rats in comparison to control animals, but not in caffeine-fed immature rats. Our results clearly show that the negative effects of caffeine on the long bones and testes in rats are different according to the age of the rat at the time of exposure, and might therefore be caused by changes to organ sensitivity and metabolic rate at different developmental stages. Although the long bones and testes are more susceptible to caffeine during puberty, caffeine has negative effects on body fat, bone minerals and the adrenal glands when exposure occurs during young adulthood. There is a need, therefore, to educate the public the potential dangers of caffeine consumption during puberty and young adulthood.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.466-474
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• 2013

Despite the reports on safety concerns regarding the relationship between aluminum salts and neurological and bone disease, many countries continue to use aluminum as phosphate binders among patients with renal failure. In search for a diet supplement that could reduce aluminum toxicity related to renal failure, we carried out this prospective animal study in which the fenugreek seeds were assessed for their effects on rats nephrotoxicity induced by aluminum chloride ($AlCl_3$). Oral $AlCl_3$ administration during 5 months (500 mg/kg bw i.g for one month then 1600 ppm via drinking water) led to plasma biochemical changes, an inhibition of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), a decrease of total antioxidant status (TAS), and an induction of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the blood and brain, in addition to kidney atrophy and morphological alterations at the level of Bowman's capsule, the glomerulus and different sorts of tubules, reminiscent of some known kidney disease. The treatment with the whole fenugreek seed powder (FSP) (5% in the diet) during the last 2 months showed its effectiveness in restoring normal plasma values of urea, creatinine, ALP and glucose, as well as re-increasing the TAS, inhibiting LPO and alleviating histopathological changes in the injured kidneys. This study highlights the induced nephrotoxicicity, as well as the related toxicity in the brain and bone, by chronic oral ingestion of the aluminum salts. However, the maintenance of a diet supplemented with fenugreek seeds could offer protection for the kidney, bone and brain, at the same time.