• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.293-304
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• 1989

Effects of triacontanol(TRIA) on several parameters of senescence including the changes of related enzyme activities were investigated in radish(Raphanus sativus L._ cotyledons developing in light. In senescing radish cotyledons, 1.0mg TRIA/1 retarded the degradation of chlorophyll content. Moreover, it depressed the increases of malondialdehyde and H2O2 contents compared to the control. Catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were highly maintained but the increase of peroxidase activity was inhibited remarkably under the TRIA application. These results suggested that TRIA participated in the regulation of senescence during the late part of cotyledon development where it delayed senescence through its action on free radical-associated enzymes and consequent metabolic turnover.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.771-777
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• 1998

Aqueous extracts of Pinus rigida changed the electrophoretic patterns of total proteins and of hydrolytic enzymes such as peroxidase, esterase and amylase during the germination of radish (Raphanus sativus var. hortensis for. acanthiformis). When the extract treatment was finished, at the late stage of radish germination, aqueous extracts of P. rigida had suppressed the expression of 24 KD and 60 KD proteins. the extract induced new isozyme bands, indicating concomitant activity of peroxidases, esterase activities were stimulated in the cathodic region. The activity of amylase was enhanced by the extract.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.138-138
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• 2003

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.137-137
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• 2003

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.43-52
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• 2015

The uranium removal capacity of radish sprouts (Raphanus sativus L.) in groundwater was calculated on the basis of the amount of uranium accumulated in the radish sprouts rather than the concentration in solution, of which process was very limited in previous studies. Continuous rhizofiltration clean-up system was designed to investigate the feasibility of radish sprouts, applying for uranium contaminated groundwater (U concentration: 110 μg/L) taken at Bugogdong, Busan. Six acrylic boxes (10 cm × 30 cm × 10 cm) were connected in a direct series for the continuous rhizofiltration system and 200 g of radish sprouts cultivars was placed in each box. The groundwater was flushed through the system for 48 hours at the constant rate of 5 mL/min. The rhizofiltration system was operated in the phytotron, of which conditions were at 25℃ temperature, 70% of relative humidity, 4,000 Lux illumination (16 hours/day) and 600 mg/L of CO₂ concentration. While 14.4 L of contaminated groundwater was treated, the uranium removal efficiency of the radish sprouts (1,200 g in wet weight) was 77.2% and their removal capacities ranged at 152.1 μg/g-239.7 μg/g (the average: 210.8 μg/g), suggesting that the radish sprouts belong to the group of hyper-accumulation species. After the experiment, the sum of U amounts accumulated in radish sprouts and remained in groundwater was 1,472.2 μg and the uranium recovery ratio of this rhizofiltration experiment was 92.9%. From the results, it was investigated that the radish sprouts can remove large amounts of uranium from contaminated groundwater in a short time (few days) because the fast growth rate and the high U accumulation adsorption capacity.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.907-911
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• 2008

Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is one of very important crop plants in the world. It is very important to determine hybrid seed quality in the production of hybrid Brassica vegetable seeds to avoid unacceptable contamination with self-inbred (sib) seeds. The allozyme for evaluating seed purity in a commercial $F_1-hybrid$ radish cultivar is demonstrated. Three hundred sixty seeds from the male and female harvest were subsequently screened for seed purity using 27 isozyme loci. Especially, F1 hybrids of radish, Per-1 ($aa{\times}bb$), Lap-1 ($aa{\times}bb$), Est-1 ($aa{\times}bb$) were presented clear hybrid bands. Est-1 locus revealed that 15 (8.3%) seeds from the female harvest and 26 (14.4%) seeds from the male harvest were sibs. It maintains higher than average level of genetic diversity compared with their correspondent parents. Shannon's index of phenotypic diversity (I) of hybrids was the highest of all accessions (R. sativus L. cv. Daepeng, R. sativus L. cv. Backza, and their hybrids). The allozyme may lead to a better insight into the hybrid seed purity.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.165-172
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• 2012

Raphanus sativus (Cruciferaceae), commonly known as radish is widely available throughout the world. From antiquity it has been used in folk medicine as a natural drug against many toxicants. The present study was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of radish (Raphanus sativus) enzyme extract (REE) in vitro and in vivo test. The $IC_{50}$ values of REE in human liver derived HepG2 cells was over 5,000 ${\mu}g/ml$ in tested maximum concentration. The effect of REE to protect tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells was evaluated by MTT assay. REE showed their hepatoprotective activities on tacrine-induced cytotoxicity and the $EC_{50}$ value was 1,250 ${\mu}g/ml$. Silymarin, an antihepatotoxic agent used as a positive control exhibited 59.7% hepatoprotective activity at 100 ${\mu}g/ml$. Moreover, we tested the effect of REE on carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$)-induced liver toxicity in rats. REE at dose of 50 and 100 mg/kg and silymarin at dose of 50 mg/kg were orally administered to $CCl_4$-treated rats. The results showed that REE and silymarin significantly reduced the elevated levels of serum enzyme markers induced by $CCl_4$. The biochemical data were supported by evaluation with liver histopathology. These findings suggest that REE, can significantly diminish hepatic damage by toxic agent such as tacrine or $CCl_4$.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 1992

The hairy root culture of Raphanus sativus cv. Chungpihongsim was established by transformation with Agrobacterium rhizogenes $A_4$. The transformed roots grew well in adjusted Murashige and Skoog medium to 1/2 basal salts, pH 5.2, 3% sucrose. Agropine and mannopine, opine synthesized in the transformed tissue were detected in the extract of hairy roots. When 2, 4-D and kinetin were added in culture medium of hairy roots, the synthesis of anthocyanin was induced with disorganization of hairy root. Especially, addition of $0.45\;\mu\textrm{M}$ 2, 4-D and $2.3\;\mu\textrm{M}$ kinetin showed the maximum synthesis of anthocyanin. Pattern of anthocyanin synthesized in transformed roots was somewhat different from that of ordinary roots. However, aglycone part of all anthocyanin was identified as pelargonidin. The content of total anthocyanin in this sample was tentatively calculated 0.49 mg/g fresh weight.weight.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.435-441
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• 2009

In the present study, we analyzed the defensin protein deduced from Korean radish (Raphanus sativus L.) seeds.To express the genes in E. coli, we constructed a recombinant expression vector with a defensin gene, named rKRs-AFP gene isolated from Korean radish seeds. Over expressed rKRs-AFP proteins was separated by SDS-PAGE to determine the purity, and protein concentration was determined by the Bradford method. Antifungal activity was assessed by disk assay method against the tested fungi. As a result, when 500 mL of cell culture were disrupted by sonicator, 32.5 mg total proteins were obtained. The purified protein showed a single band on SDS-PAGE with estimated molecular weight about 6 KDa, consistent with the molecular mass calculated from the deduced amino acid sequence. The purified rKRs-AFP protein showed remarkable antifungal activities against several fungi including Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea causing the gray mold disease, and Candida albicans. In field tests using the purified rKRs-AFP protein, the protein showed the reducing activity of disease spot and the mitigating effect of spreading of disease like agrichemicals. The immuno-assay of rKRs-AFP protein showed that the purified protein entirely accumulated at B. cinerea cytoplasm through the hyphal septa shown by fluorescence imaging. There was no fluorescence inside the cell, when the hypha was incubated without the protein. These all results indicate that the recombinant rKRs-AFP proteins can be utilized as a potential antifungal drug to control harmful plant fungal pathogens.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.75-82
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• 1990

Toxic effert of water extract from leaves of Pinus rigida and some phenolic compounds on the seeds germination of Raphanus sativus var. hortensis for. acanthiformis Makino has been studied. There was little difference of germination percentage among the pH value of leaf extract (pH3~9). The germination percentage drastically with increased concentration level of leaf extract at about 60 percent. Seeds gemination of Raphanus sativus var. hortensis for. acanthiformis Makino inhibited severely by caffeic acid, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid at M, but the germination percentage was higher than that of the control group in vanillic acid. In electrophoresis, there was no differences at earlier seedling stage of protein band between allelochemical treated and non-treated group, but in late stage, two protein band near 58kd and 27kd did not appeared in the toxic affected group. In case of caffeic acid treatment, two protein band near 58kd and 27kd did not found at late stage too.