• Title/Summary/Keyword: RISK HYPOTHESES

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A Mediating Effect of Job Stress Between Physical Environmental Risk and Safety Behavior, and Moderating Effect of Perceived Control (물리적 환경 위험도가 작업자의 안전행동에 미치는 영향, 직무 스트레스의 매개 효과 및 지각된 통제의 조절 효과)

  • Kim, Byung-Jik;Ji, Won-Koo;Jeon, Sang-Gil
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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    • v.32 no.2
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    • pp.105-111
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    • 2017
  • This research examined if job stress mediates the relationship between physical environmental risk and safety behavior of employees. In addition, we investigated whether perceived control moderates the physical environmental risk-job stress link. In order to test our hypotheses, 1005 employees in various fields of firms were participated. Using structural equation modeling(SEM), we conducted moderated mediation model analysis that elaborately test the hypotheses. The results demonstrated that job stress mediated the physical environmental risk-safety behavior link. Furthermore, the relationship between physical environmental risk and job stress was moderated by perceived control.

Profitability of Intra-day Short Volatility Strategy Using Volatility Risk Premium (변동성위험프리미엄을 이용한 일중변동성매도전략의 수익성에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Sun-Woong;Choi, Heung-Sik;Bae, Min-Geun
    • Korean Management Science Review
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.33-41
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    • 2010
  • A lot of researches find negative volatility risk premium in options market. We can make a trading profit by exploiting the negative volatility premium. This study proposes negative volatility risk premium hypotheses in the KOSPI 200 stock price index options market and empirically test the proposed hypotheses with intra-day short straddle strategy. This strategy sells both at-the-money call option and at-the-money put option at market open and exits the position at market close. Using MySQL 5.1, we create our database with 1 minute option price data of the KOSPI 200 index options from 2004 to 2009. Empirical results show that negative volatility risk premium exists in the KOSPI 200 stock price index options market. Furthermore, intra-day short straddle strategy consistently produces annual profits except one year.

An Integrated Study concerning Antecedent Variables affecting the intention-to-use of on-line shopping malls: An Extended Model of TAM2 (온라인 쇼핑몰의 사용 의도에 영향을 미치는 선행변수에 관한 통합연구: 기술수용모델(TAM)2의 확장 모델)

  • Park, Kwan-Hee
    • The Journal of Information Systems
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.55-72
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    • 2006
  • The total market capacities of our domestic on-line shopping malls had reached over one billion wons in 2005. They are also estimated to reach 1.8 billion wons in 2008. In order to reveal some relationships between six antecedent variables and intention-to-use of online shooing malls, this study has extended the original TAM2 model using these variables obtained from (1) perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use from TAM2 model, (2) compatibility from IDT theory, (3) perceived enjoyment from Flow theory, and (4) others (perceived risk and self efficacy). Two statistical packages such as SPSS 12.0 and Lirel 8.70 were used for data analyses. Among these seven proposed hypotheses, six hypotheses were accepted while one hypothesis regarding perceived risk was rejected. As perceived risk hypothesis concerning the intention-to-use was rejected, the perceived risk did not show the support of the intention-to-use.

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The Impact of Perceived Risks Upon Consumer Trust and Purchase Intentions (인지된 위험의 유형이 소비자 신뢰 및 온라인 구매의도에 미치는 영향)

  • Hong, Il-Yoo B.;Kim, Woo-Sung;Lim, Byung-Ha
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.1-25
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    • 2011
  • Internet-based commerce has undergone an explosive growth over the past decade as consumers today find it more economical as well as more convenient to shop online. Nevertheless, the shift in the common mode of shopping from offline to online commerce has caused consumers to have worries over such issues as private information leakage, online fraud, discrepancy in product quality and grade, unsuccessful delivery, and so forth, Numerous studies have been undertaken to examine the role of perceived risk as a chief barrier to online purchases and to understand the theoretical relationships among perceived risk, trust and purchase intentions, However, most studies focus on empirically investigating the effects of trust on perceived risk, with little attention devoted to the effects of perceived risk on trust, While the influence trust has on perceived risk is worth studying, the influence in the opposite direction is equally important, enabling insights into the potential of perceived risk as a prohibitor of trust, According to Pavlou (2003), the primary source of the perceived risk is either the technological uncertainty of the Internet environment or the behavioral uncertainty of the transaction partner. Due to such types of uncertainty, an increase in the worries over the perceived risk may negatively affect trust, For example, if a consumer who sends sensitive transaction data over Internet is concerned that his or her private information may leak out because of the lack of security, trust may decrease (Olivero and Lunt, 2004), By the same token, if the consumer feels that the online merchant has the potential to profit by behaving in an opportunistic manner taking advantage of the remote, impersonal nature of online commerce, then it is unlikely that the merchant will be trusted, That is, the more the probable danger is likely to occur, the less trust and the greater need to control the transaction (Olivero and Lunt, 2004), In summary, a review of the related studies indicates that while some researchers looked at the influence of overall perceived risk on trust level, not much attention has been given to the effects of different types of perceived risk, In this context the present research aims at addressing the need to study how trust is affected by different types of perceived risk, We classified perceived risk into six different types based on the literature, and empirically analyzed the impact of each type of perceived risk upon consumer trust in an online merchant and further its impact upon purchase intentions. To meet our research objectives, we developed a conceptual model depicting the nomological structure of the relationships among our research variables, and also formulated a total of seven hypotheses. The model and hypotheses were tested using an empirical analysis based on a questionnaire survey of 206 college students. The reliability was evaluated via Cronbach's alphas, the minimum of which was found to be 0.73, and therefore the questionnaire items are all deemed reliable. In addition, the results of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) designed to check the validity of the measurement model indicate that the convergent, discriminate, and nomological validities of the model are all acceptable. The structural equation modeling analysis to test the hypotheses yielded the following results. Of the first six hypotheses (H1-1 through H1-6) designed to examine the relationships between each risk type and trust, three hypotheses including H1-1 (performance risk ${\rightarrow}$ trust), H1-2 (psychological risk ${\rightarrow}$ trust) and H1-5 (online payment risk ${\rightarrow}$ trust) were supported with path coefficients of -0.30, -0.27 and -0.16 respectively. Finally, H2 (trust ${\rightarrow}$ purchase intentions) was supported with relatively high path coefficients of 0.73. Results of the empirical study offer the following findings and implications. First. it was found that it was performance risk, psychological risk and online payment risk that have a statistically significant influence upon consumer trust in an online merchant. It implies that a consumer may find an online merchant untrustworthy if either the product quality or the product grade does not match his or her expectations. For that reason, online merchants including digital storefronts and e-marketplaces are suggested to pursue a strategy focusing on identifying the target customers and offering products that they feel best meet performance and psychological needs of those customers. Thus, they should do their best to make it widely known that their products are of as good quality and grade as those purchased from offline department stores. In addition, it may be inferred that today's online consumers remain concerned about the security of the online commerce environment due to the repeated occurrences of hacking or private information leakage. Online merchants should take steps to remove potential vulnerabilities and provide online notices to emphasize that their website is secure. Second, consumer's overall trust was found to have a statistically significant influence on purchase intentions. This finding, which is consistent with the results of numerous prior studies, suggests that increased sales will become a reality only with enhanced consumer trust.

Effect of Brand Popularity in a Foreign Market on Consumer Behavior in a Franchise Cosmetic Retailer's Online Shop

  • KIM, Ji-Hern;GONG, Tae Gyung;AHN, So Jung
    • The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.17-22
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    • 2020
  • Purpose: As consumers have difficulty in brand choice due to excessive information, using brand popularity as an advertising cue (e.g., Sales No. 1, Hit Product) has been getting more attention as an effective curation strategy for decreasing consumers' cognitive efforts. Accordingly, recent studies empirically demonstrate that consumers tend to prefer and choose a brand with a popularity cue and offer a useful information regarding how to use a popularity cue in marketing communication. However, extant research has mainly focused on investigating the impact of "brand popularity in a domestic market" on consumer behaviors. Thus, little is known about the effect of "brand popularity in a foreign market" on local consumers' decision-making process. Given that domestic consumers tend to purchase imported products from overseas countries, it can be meaningful information for global companies. Therefore, this research derives and tests the five hypotheses to examine how local consumers respond to brand popularity in a foreign market as an advertising cue. Specifically, it tests the three hypotheses regarding the direct and indirect effects of brand popularity in a foreign market on risk perception and purchase intention. Then, it tests two additional hypotheses about moderating effects of psychic distance on the relationship between brand popularity and risk perception as well as on the relationship between brand popularity and purchase intention. Seventy participants are exposed to an advertisement for an Indian cosmetic brand using a popularity cue in Indian market and answer the questions about brand evaluation. For data analysis, regression analysis is employed. The findings of this research show that perceived brand popularity lowers local consumers' perceived risk with a foreign brand. However, perceived brand popularity does not have a direct impact on purchase intention while it has an indirect effect through perceived risk. Meanwhile, psychic distance moderates the effect of perceived brand popularity on perceived risk level, but it has no impact on the relationship between brand popularity and purchase intention. This research is one of the first studies that demonstrate the positive impact of brand popularity in a foreign market on a local consumer's purchase decision, and it shows the effect can be moderated by psychic distance.

Growth and Motivations for Chinese Mobile Payment Service: An Empirical Study Using Ali-Pay and Wechat-Pay Users in Chinese Market (중국 모바일 결제서비스의 발전과 사용동기 - 중국 모바일 결제서비스 알리페이, 위챗페이를 중심으로 -)

  • Yin, Changlong;Lee, Sae-Bom;Roh, In-Sung;Suh, Yung-Ho
    • Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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    • v.45 no.1
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    • pp.139-152
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    • 2017
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study is how Chinese users' personal traits affect the intention to use mobile payment. This research selects personal innovativeness and habit of cash payment as personal traits, and considers perceived risks and relative advantage as personal beliefs. In addition, the research divided perceived risks into three multi-faceted risks, which are privacy risk, financial risk and performance risk. Methods: The method of this study used questionnaire survey to collect 241 data on users' perception on mobile payment, and also used a structural equation modeling method. Results: The result of this paper shows that all hypotheses are statistically significant except 4 hypotheses. Conclusion: The result of this study found that personal innovativeness is negatively related with all 3 kinds of perceived risks as anticipated. And Chinese users' traditional habit of cash payment negatively affects intention to use mobile payment but is not statistically significant affecting three perceived risks. Among perceived risks, privacy risk is the most negatively influencing factor to relative advantage.

A study of Structural relationship between public crisis communication and Heart & Fellings influence and behavioral intention in crisis risk situations (국가적 위기·위험상황에서 대중(大衆) 위기커뮤니케이션과 심정(心情) 영향력 및 행동의도간의 구조적 관계)

  • Lee, Jung-Eun
    • Journal of Digital Convergence
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    • v.20 no.5
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    • pp.239-251
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    • 2022
  • This study tried to understand the structural relationship between public crisis communication, emotional influence, and behavioral intention in a national crisis/risk situation. Based on the results of previous studies and empirical studies, the results of crisis/threat type, crisis/threat response, sentiment (crisis/risk responsibility, strategic risk/risk reflective response), and action intention For tourists who visit tourist destinations, as well as the relationship between crisis and risk communication at the tourist destination and one of the unique emotions of Koreans (crisis threat responsibility, strategic response, and reflective response to crisis threat) The relationship between the outcome variable, behavioral intention, was identified. A theoretical study was conducted on each research concept to achieve the proposed research purpose. Based on this, a questionnaire was drawn up and empirical research was conducted in parallel. Three hypotheses were established, and meaningful results were confirmed according to the results of the hypotheses. When a risky situation occurs, the government, business, and local community will actively respond and respond to it as an opportunity to offset the risk of crisis.

The Effects of Requirement Uncertainty, Control Standardization, Interactions on Software Quality (요구사항 불확실성, 통제 표준화, 상호작용이 소프트웨어 품질에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Ki-Yoon;Na, Kwan-Sik;Yang, Dong-Gu
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • v.12 no.4
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    • pp.101-120
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    • 2002
  • Risk management or risk-based approach of software project management was developed to explain the effects of requirement uncertainty, control standardization, interactions on software quality. Based on a prior theory, five hypotheses were derived and empirically tested using a survey design. Data from 117 members in 3 SI companies support for the path model, and three of five hypotheses. The results showed that decreases in requirement uncertainty and increases in control standardization were directly associated with increases in the interactions between user and project teams, which, in turn, led to increases software quality. The findings suggested that the direct effect on software quality is primarily due to the interactions between user and project teams, rather than requirement uncertainty and control standardization.

The Roles of Benefit and Risk Perception in Ethical Fashion Consumption (윤리적 패션소비에 대한 혜택 및 위험지각이 소비자 태도와 행동의도에 미치는 영향)

  • Moon, Heekang;Choo, Ho Jung;Park, Hye Sun;Baek, Eunsoo
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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    • v.37 no.2
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    • pp.159-173
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    • 2013
  • This research investigates the mechanism of ethical fashion consumption by examining the effects of benefit and risk perception on ethical fashion consumption attitudes and behavioral intention. To test the hypotheses, 300 female consumers between the ages of 20 and 49 were invited as study participants. The reliability and the validity of multi-item constructs were tested by Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The hypotheses were tested by utilizing Structural Equation Analysis and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The benefit perception of ethical consumption was composed of three benefit types, which were altruistic benefit, social image benefit, and self-oriented benefit. Benefit perception, except social image benefit, had significant effects on consumer attitudes towards ethical fashion consumption; similarly, benefit perception had significant effects on behavioral intention (except self-oriented benefit) which had an effect on behavioral intention only when it was mediated by attitudes. Further analysis was conducted to understand the reason for the weak relationship between attitudes and behavioral intention. Financial and performance risk perceptions were tested for the moderating roles of attitudes and behavioral intention; subsequently, only financial risk interacted with attitudes and showed that the positive effects of attitudes on behavioral intention were weakened by a high financial risk perception. Performance risk had a main effect on behavioral intention independent of attitudes. Managerial implication and future study directions are also discussed.

Reexamination of Effect of Perceived Risk on Purchasing Intention (위험이 구매의도에 미치는 영향의 재조명 : 전자상거래 이용자 집단의 혁신성을 중심으로)

  • Kwon, Sun-Dong;Chun, Dal-Young;Kim, Yong-Young
    • Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.233-247
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    • 2012
  • There are so many studies on perceived risk and purchasing intention. But the results of those studies were inconsistent; some studies showed the positive effect of perceived risk on purchasing intention; others showed the negative effect. This research supposed that the inconsistence of studies resulted from the difference of group innovativeness and set up research hypotheses : among users from the lower innovativeness group, perceived risk has a negative effect on purchasing intention, but from the higher group, perceived risk has a positive effect on purchasing intention. We compared Internet shopping mall users of South Korea representing low innovativeness with those of China representing high innovativeness. The results provided that among South Korean users, perceived risk had the statistically insignificant negative effect on purchasing intention, but among Chinese users, it had the statistically significant positive effect on purchasing intention. Additionally, this study found that perceived risk influenced users' fun which in turn influenced purchasing intention.