• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2020.10a
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• pp.548-553
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• 2020

우리가 쓰는 일상 언어 중에는 언어적 직관이 없는 사람은 의미 파악이 힘든 관용표현이 존재한다. 관용표현을 이해하기 위해서는 표현에 대한 형태적, 의미적 이해가 수반되어야 하기 때문이다. 기계도 마찬가지로 언어적 직관이 없기 때문에 관용표현에 대한 자연어 처리에는 어려움이 따른다. 특히 일반표현과 중의성 관계에 있는 관용표현의 특성이 고려되지 않은 채 문자적으로만 분석될 위험성이 높다. 본 연구에서는 '관용표현은 주변 문맥과의 관련성이 떨어진다'라는 가정을 중심으로 워드 임베딩을 활용한 관용표현과 일반표현에 대한 구분을 시도하였다. 실험은 4개 표현에 대해 이루어 졌으며 Skip-gram, Fasttext를 활용한 방법을 통해 관용표현은 주변 단어들과의 유사성이 떨어짐을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.13-19
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• 2014

To develop a wind farm in a mountainous terrain like Korea, it is generally more advantageous to install wind turbines along a mountain ridge where has relatively better wind resource because that is open in all directions and free from shielding by the surrounding topography. In this study, the SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) v4.1 3 arc-second resolution digital elevation database and the geomorphometric characterization software LandSerf v2.3 are used to extract ridge lines for assessing a wind farm siting in mountainous terrain. The effectiveness of wind farm siting along a ridge line is confirmed that the most of wind turbines in the Gangwon, Taegisan, and Maebongsan wind farms in Korea's mountainous terrain are placed along the primary and secondary ridge lines where wind resource is relatively outstanding.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.179-185
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• 2020

In this paper, we propose impact factors and validity of blood variables on death of COVID-19 patients. The clinical-epidemiological data of 5628 COVID-19 patients, provided from Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency as day of 30th April 2020, were used. As results, impact factors of death were dementia, older age, high lymphocyte, cancer, dyspnea, COPD, change of consciousness, heart disease, high platelets, abnormal diastolic pressure and fever. The validities of blood variables for death were high in the order of lymphocyte, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet and WBC. Therefore, risk factors such as initial clinical characteristics, underlying disease and blood test results, could be regarded for efficient management of COVID-19 patients.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.713-718
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to investigate the bacterial morphology attached on ultrasonic scaler tips using no cleansing solution, alcohol cotton, liquid chemical disinfecting agent, and autoclave method. Methods: Scaling tip was applied to the mouth and the ultrasonic scaler tips were assigned to four groups. Group 1 was control group with no cleansing solution. Group 2 was treated with alcohol cotton. Group 3 was treated with 2% green Y-Na solution in liquid chemical disinfecting agent, and Group 4 was sterilized by autoclave method. Live bacteria were observed by phase contrast microscopy. The scanning electron microscopy(SEM) revealed the morphological characteristics of scaler surface. The type of attached bacteria were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 program. The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA) and Tukey's post-hoc test. Results: The types of sterilization methods had influences on the bacterial viability. The numbers of cocci, bacilli, spiral form bacteria, and filamentous bacteria was observed in $89.00{\pm}3.60%$, $29.67{\pm}3.51%$, $3.33{\pm}0.57%$ and $1.67{\pm}0.57%$ in control group, $31.67{\pm}3.51%$, $63.33{\pm}4.04%$, $2.00{\pm}1.00%$ and $1.67{\pm}0.57%$ in alcohol cotton group, $69.67{\pm}4.50%$, $12.33{\pm}2.51%$, 0% and 0% in liquid chemical disinfecting agent group, and 0.0%, 0.0%, 0.0% and 0.0% in autoclave method group. The clean surface of ultrasonic scaler tip was shown on SEM by autoclave method. Conclusions: The most effective sterilization method of ultrasonic scaler tip was the autoclave method. Autoclave method is the most effective sterilization method and can reduce the cross-infection in the dental clinic.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.67-79
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• 2017

Purpose: This research aimed to study the awareness of marriage, childbirth, fertility and high-risk pregnancy among university students. Methods: 250 university students from Seoul and Gyeonggi-do completed questionnaires regarding their awareness on marriage, childbirth, fertility, and high-risk pregnancy. Results: The average age of participants was 22.5. The ideal marriage age was 29.8. 201 (80.4%) participants had an intention of getting married, and 160 (60.4%) answered they should have children. The ideal age of first childbirth was 30.4 and last childbirth was 35.1. There were 126 (50.4%) with prior education regarding high-risk pregnancy, subfertility or infertility. The score of needs for education associated with pregnancy was 7.6 out of 10. The average correct answer rate of awareness of fertility issues was 30.7%. There were significant differences between men and women, 25% of men and 38% of women overestimated the age at women are most fertile. Only 23.7% of men and 25.9% of women knew the correct age when there was marked decrease in women's fertility. Conclusion: Awareness of a lack of marriage, childbirth, fertility, and high-risk pregnancy may influence future family planning and health. These results can be used to plan programs or education for marriage, pregnancy, and childbirth.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 1978

The kinetics of hydrolysis of ${\alpha}$-nitrobenzaldehydephenylhydrazone derivatives (p-$NO_2$, m-$NO_2$, p-Cl, p-$CH_3$) have been investigated by UV spectrometry in 25% dioxane-water at $25^{\circ}C$ and a rate equation which can be applied over wide pH range was obtained. From the rate equation and the effect of solvent, substituent and pKa on the rate equation, the following reaction mechanisms were proposed. Below pH 3.0 the hydrolysis of ${\alpha}$-nitrobenzaldehydephenylhydrazone proceeds by $S_N1$ mechanism, while above pH 4.0 the hydrolysis proceeds through 1,3-dipole ion mechanism. In the range of pH from 3.0 to 4.0 these two reactions occur competitively.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.363-370
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• 1973

The rate constants of the nucleophilic addition of n-propyl-mercaptan to $\alpha$-cyano-$\beta$-piperonylacrylic acid were determined at various pH and a rate equation which can be applied over wide pH range is obtained. The rate equation reveals that below pH 4.5 the reaction is initiated by the attack of n-propylmercaptan to $\alpha$-cyano-$\beta$-piperonylacrylic acid. At pH 4.5~6.5, however, n-propylmercaptan is added to $\alpha$-cyano-$\beta$-piperonylacrylate ion; at pH 7.04~9.5 the competitive reaction between n-propylmercaptan and n-propylmercaptide ion is anticipated to occur. Above pH 10 the addendum is n-propylmercaptide ion and the acceptor is $\alpha$-cyano-$\beta$-piperonylacrylate ion.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.31-35
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• 1997

In this paper, we propose a variable vocabulary word recognizer that is able to recognize new words not exist in training data. For the variable vocabulary word recognizer, we must have an on-line lexicon generator to transform new candidate words to the corresponding pronunciation sequences of phones without any large lexicon table. And, we also must make outputs. In order to model the phones and allophones reliably, we define Korean allophones by triphone clustering based on phonetic knowledge of preceding and succeeding phones of each phone. Using the clustering method, we generated 1,548 allophones with POW (Phonetically Optimized Words) 3,848 word DB. We evaluated the proposed word recognizer with POW 3,848 DB, PBW (Phonetically Balanced Words) 445 DB, and 244 word DB in hotel reservation task. Experimental results showed word recognition accuracy of 79.6% for the POW DB corresponding to vocabulary-dependent case, 79.4% in case of 445 word lexicon and 88.9% in case of 100 word lexicon for the PBW DB, and 71.4% for the hotel reservation DB corresponding to vocabulary-independent case.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.127-134
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• 1989

The rate constants of the nucleophilic addition reaction of 3-mercaptopropionic acid to the ${\beta},\;{\beta}$-diethoxycarbonylstryene derivatives (H, p-OCH$_3$, 3,4,5-(OCH$_3)_3$, 3,4-methylenedioxy) were determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry, and rate equation which could be applied over a wide pH range was obtained. On the basis of pH-rate profile and the presence of general base catalysis, a plausible mechanism of this addition reaction was propound:Below pH 6.0 the reaction was initiated by the addition of neutral 3-mercaptopropionic acid molecule, and in the range of pH 6.0∼8.0, a neutral 3-mercaptopropionic acid molecule and a sulfide anion competitively attacked to the double bond. Above pH 8.0, the reaction proceeded through the addition of a sulfide anion.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.316-323
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• 2020

This study aimed to evaluate the potential allergenicity and oral toxicity of the phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) protein expressed in Zoysia japonica, a herbicide-tolerant genetically modified (GM) zoysiagrass. In silico analysis of PAT showed no similarities with any known allergenic or toxic proteins, with <35% amino acid sequence homology with known allergens across a length of 80 amino acids and no continuous eight amino acid identity with known allergens. The PAT protein expressed in Z. japonica degraded very rapidly in the simulated gastric fluid in the presence of pepsin, and, no glycosylation of PAT was observed. The oral toxicity test revealed no mortality or toxic effect in mice following PAT administration at 4,000 mg/kg body weight. Our findings indicate that the PAT protein expressed in Zoysia japonica does not exhibit allergenic or toxic properties.