• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.369-376
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant components and activities of HR02/04(8:2)-W, a mixture of S. quelpaertensis Nakai and F. erecta var. sieboldii. We investigated the p-coumaric acid, total flavonoid, and total phenol contents. To evaluate the antioxidant efficacy, we measured the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, FRAP activity, reducing power, and ORAC value. We observed the protective effect of hydrogen peroxide against cell damage in human dermal fibroblasts. As a result of the experiment, the p-coumaric acid, total flavonoid, and total phenol contents were 75.62±1.56 mg/100 g, 21.57±0.84 mg rutin equivalent (RE)/g, and 21.25±1.31 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g, respectively. In the experiments on antioxidant activity, HR02/04(8:2)-W was found to have significantly increased antioxidant activity. In the human dermal fibroblasts, the HR02/04(8:2)-W treated groups could effectively protect cells against oxidative damage. In this study, we confirmed that HR02/04(8:2)-W is a material with effective physiological antioxidant activity.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.160-167
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• 2006

Harpacticoid copepod Tigriopus japonicus is widely distributed in coastal waters of Korea and plays important role in marine trophic structure as a first consumer. In this study, a series of experiment were conducted to test the potential of the species as a standard test species for marine bioassay. Tolerance on salinity and pH, sensitivity on the reference materials(copper sulfate and cadmium chloride) and response on the ocean dumping materials(waste sludge) we re tested to identify if the species satisfy the basic criteria as standard species for marine bioassay. The nauplius of the species($100{\sim}200{\mu}m$) showed wide tolerance on salinity with >90.0% survival rates exposed to $5.0{\sim}35.0psu$ for 48 h. Wide adaptability on pH's were also observed from 6.3 to 8.2 with >90.0% survival rates during the test. $LC_{50}$ values for copper sulfate and cadmium chloride were $3.6{\pm}0.7ppm,\;1.7{\pm}0.8ppm$, respectively. The variations in mortality between replicates were less than 10.0%. Comparison of $LC_{50}$ values indicated that T. japonicus nauplius was lower sensitive to copper sulfate than the most marine crustaceans included copepods, however, the sensitivity of test animal to cadmium chloride higher than the adults of copepod T. japonicus, Paracalanus parvus, and marine rotifer Brachinonus plicatilis. There were significant concentration-response relationship in the mortality of T. japonicus nauplius using the elutriates of three ocean dumping materials(industrial waste sludge). 48 h $LC_{50}$ values we re $31.1{\pm}1.1%$ for the elutriate of sludge from leather processing company and $54.4{\pm}15.1%$ for that of dye production company. Based on the above experimental results, bioassay using benthic harpacticoid T. japonicus nauplius must be a good estimation tool for marine ecotoxicological assessment of waste or chemicals. Wide tolerance on the salinity and pH, and significant linear relationship between concentration and response(mortality) supported the high potential of the species as a standard test species.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2017.04a
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• pp.142-142
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 파프리카를 자동 수확하기 위한 시스템 개발의 일환으로 파프리카 재배환경에서 획득한 영상 내에 존재하는 파프리카 영역과 비 파프리카 영역의 RGB 정보를 입력으로 하는 인공신경망을 설계하고 학습을 수행하고자 하였다. 학습된 신경망을 이용하여 영상 내 파프리카 영역과 비 파프리카 영역의 구분이 가능 할 것으로 사료된다. 심층 신경망을 설계하기 위하여 MS Visual studio 2015의 C++, MFC와 Python 및 TensorFlow를 사용하였다. 먼저, 심층 신경망은 입력층과 출력층, 그리고 은닉층 8개를 가지는 형태로 입력 뉴런 3개, 출력 뉴런 4개, 각 은닉층의 뉴런은 5개로 설계하였다. 일반적으로 심층 신경망에서는 은닉층이 깊을수록 적은 입력으로 좋은 학습 결과를 기대 할 수 있지만 소요되는 시간이 길고 오버 피팅이 일어날 가능성이 높아진다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 소요시간을 줄이기 위하여 Xavier 초기화를 사용하였으며, 오버 피팅을 줄이기 위하여 ReLU 함수를 활성화 함수로 사용하였다. 파프리카 재배환경에서 획득한 영상에서 파프리카 영역과 비 파프리카 영역의 RGB 정보를 추출하여 학습의 입력으로 하고 기대 출력으로 붉은색 파프리카의 경우 [0 0 1], 노란색 파프리카의 경우 [0 1 0], 비 파프리카 영역의 경우 [1 0 0]으로 하는 형태로 3538개의 학습 셋을 만들었다. 학습 후 학습 결과를 평가하기 위하여 30개의 테스트 셋을 사용하였다. 학습 셋을 이용하여 학습을 수행하기 위해 학습률을 변경하면서 학습 결과를 확인하였다. 학습률을 0.01 이상으로 설정한 경우 학습이 이루어지지 않았다. 이는 학습률에 의해 결정되는 가중치의 변화량이 너무 커서 비용 함수의 결과가 0에 수렴하지 않고 발산하는 경향에 의한 것으로 사료된다. 학습률을 0.005, 0.001로 설정 한 경우 학습에 성공하였다. 학습률 0.005의 경우 학습 횟수 3146회, 소요시간 20.48초, 학습 정확도 99.77%, 테스트 정확도 100%였으며, 학습률 0.001의 경우 학습 횟수 38931회, 소요시간 181.39초, 학습 정확도 99.95%, 테스트 정확도 100%였다. 학습률이 작을수록 더욱 정확한 학습이 가능하지만 소요되는 시간이 크고 국부 최소점에 빠질 확률이 높았다. 학습률이 큰 경우 학습 소요 시간이 줄어드는 반면 학습 과정에서 비용이 발산하여 학습이 이루어지지 않는 경우가 많음을 확인 하였다.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.57-69
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• 2013

This study analyzed the effects of the relational norm factor of food service franchising on the intention to remain, in view of the importance of relational norms, as antecedent variables, to franchisees' perceived fairness to enhance the competitiveness by formation of long-term relationship between interested parties to food service franchising, the franchiser and the franchisee. According to a questionnaire survey, more than 100 franchisees that recorded three business years in Seoul, Incheon and Gyeonggi area were selected for convenience sampling. Then, among them, 515 effective samples were analyzed. For statistical data, detailed types of analysis were performed by using AMOS 17.0, such as factor analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory analysis and frequency analysis. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the franchiser and the franchisee by arranging relational norm factors for the relationship to be suitable for the current situation of Korea, instead of Western-style theory-based relationship marketing, and by understanding a connection between perceived fairness and management achievement-related variables, and to make a conceptual framework for building a positive relationship between the franchiser and the franchise in future food service franchising industry. Moreover, it aimed to increase franchisee satisfaction and results including re-contract according to perceived positive relationship value on the franchiser and to make contribution to find and show the proper direction for development of the Korean-style food service franchising system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.12
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• pp.1740-1746
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• 2016

In this study, we investigated the nutritional and functional constituents as well as quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of Korean cultivated wild ginseng (KG). The chemical compositions and amino acid content of KG were 7.56% water, 73.01% carbohydrates, 12.58% protein, 1.99% lipids, and 5.54% ash as well as 16.17 mg/g of amino acids, respectively. The major ginsenoside and minor ginsenoside contents of KG were 15.94 mg/g and 0.04 mg/g, respectively. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of KGE (Korean cultivated wild ginseng with 70% ethanol extract) were 8.93 mg GAE/g and 3.96 mg RHE/g, respectively. KGE also showed higher antioxidant activity than the other extracts (KGW, Korean cultivated wild ginseng with water extract) with regard to DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities (57.75% and 70.73%, respectively), nitrite oxide scavenging activity (44.01%), SOD-like activity (78.05%), reducing power activity ($1.08OD_{700nm}$), and ferrous ion-chelating activity (65.33%). Additionally, KGE had higher elastase, collagenase, and tyrosinase inhibition activities than KGW. These results suggest that KGE can be used as a bioactive and functional material in the food industry.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.274-280
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of single-fraction stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for the treatment of 15 cases of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Between 2002 and 2009, of the 25 patients who had SRS for the treatment of cerebral AVM, 15 patients (6 men, 9 women) taken a digital subtraction angiography (DSA) over 12 months after SRS were included. We retrospectively evaluated the size, location, hemorrhage of nidus, angiographic changes on follow-up on the MR angiography and DSA, and clinical complications during follow-up periods. At a median follow-up of 24 months (range 12-89), complete obliteration of nidus was observed in all patients (100%) while residual draining veins was observed in 3 patients (20%). There was no clinical complication during the follow-up period except seizure in 1 patient. The mean nidus volume was 4.7cc (0.5~11.7 cc, SD 3.7 cc). The locations of nidus were in cerebral hemisphere in 11 patients, cerebellum in 2 patients, basal ganglia in 1 patient, and pons in 1 patient respectively. 9 cases were hemorrhagic, and 6 cases were non-hemorrhagic AVMs. The SRS with LINAC is a safe and effective treatment for cerebral AVMs when the follow up period is over 4 years. However, it is recommended to continue to follow up until the draining vein on arterial phase of follow up DSA disappears completely.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.273-281
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• 1999

Purpose: We investigated whether myocardial SPECT had additional usefulness to clinical, functional or surgical indices for the preoperative evaluation of cardiac risks in noncardiac surgery. Materials and Methods: 118 patients (M: F=66: 52, $62.7{\pm}10.5$ years) were studied retrospectively. Eighteen underwent vascular surgeries and 100 nonvascular surgeries. Rest T1-20l/ stress Tc-99m-MIBI SPECT was performed before operation and cardiac events (hard event: cardiac death and myocardial infarction; soft event: ischemic ECG change, congestive heart failure and unstable angina) were surveyed through perioperative periods ($14.6{\pm}5.6$ days). Clinical risk indices, functional capacity, surgery procedures and SPECT findings were tested for their predictive values of perioperative cardiac events. Results: Perioperative cardiac events occurred in 25 patients (3 hard events and 22 soft events). Clinical risk indices, surgical procedure risks and SPECT findings but functional capacity were predictive of cardiac events. Reversible perfusion decrease was a better predictor than persistent decrease, Multivariate analysis sorted out surgical procedure risk (p=0.0018) and SPECT findings (p=0.0001) as significant risk factors. SPECT could re-stratify perioperative cardiac risks in patients ranked with surgical procedures. Conclusion : We conclude that myocardial SPECT provides additional predictive value to surgical type risks as well as clinical indexes or functional capacity for the prediction of preoperative cardiac events in noncardiac surgery.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.13 no.3 s.31
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• pp.259-267
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• 1989

In this paper, the fabric specimen undergoes repeated laundering under given condition. After this cyclic laundering was applied, the crease recoveries of the specimen were measured using shirley crease revovery tester in order to evaluate the effect of factors at given condition during crease deformation. 5 samples of grey plain cloth were desized, alkali-scoured, bleached, whased with water, and air-dried. All tests were made on samples preconditioned to $65\%\;RH\;and\;20^{\circ}C$. The experimental results were analysed statistically to relate crease recoveries and the properties of smaples, recovery periods (time) of crease. Furthermore, the crease recoveries of core-spun yarn woven fabrics were discussed in comparison with those values for $100\%$ combed cotton yarn woven fabric and $65\%$ polyester $35\%$ carded cotton blended yarn woven fabric. The results obtained are as follows; 1. Regardless of materials, remarkable decrease are observed in crease recoveries about 1-5 cycles of the repeated laundering, but slack decrease are observed in crease recoveries after 5 cycle of the re-peated laundering. 2. Crease recoveries ($\alpha$) of core-spun yarn woven fabrics are relate to recovery periods (t) of crease as follows; log$\alpha$=0.01415 log t+2.1168 ($r^2=0.94$) 3. Core-spun yarn woven fabrics were superior to $100\%$ combed cotton yarn woven fabrics and $65\%$ polyester $35\%$ carded cotton blended yarn woven fabric in crease recoveries. 4. Crease recoveries ($\alpha$) of core-spun yarn woven fabrics are relate to cover factor (CF), thickness (T) at pressure 0.5 $gf/cm^2$, weight (W) as follows; log$\alpha$=-0.3482 log CF-0.4924 log T-0.4727 W+2.4243 ($r^2=0.88$) 5. Crease recoveries ($\alpha$) of core-spun yarn woven fabrics are relate to 2HB/B, 2HB/W, $\sqrt[3]{B/W}$, WC/T which are concerning to formation of weared clothes and bending Iran formation behavior as follows: log $\alpha$=0.0091 2HB/B+0.4667 2HB/W+0.0185 $\sqrt[3]{B/W}$+0.0114 WC/T+1.8433 ($r^2=0.86$)

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.285-292
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• 2016

In the present study, we evaluated the in vitro wound-healing properties of two types of rice cell extracts (RCEs; prepared using ethanol and pressurized hot water extraction methods), using human dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes. The effects of the RCEs (at 25–100 μg/ml) on cytotoxicity and cell migration were assessed. Both RCEs were not cytotoxic to the two cell types, instead increasing their proliferation by up to 25% in a dose-dependent manner compared with the controls. Furthermore, both RCEs significantly enhanced the migratory ability of the two cell types (fibroblast, 230–450%; keratinocyte, 170–350%). Additionally, we examined the effect of the RCEs on type I collagen synthesis, which is important in the wound reconstruction process. The RCEs significantly increased collagen type I mRNA and protein levels to a degree comparable to that induced by vitamin C. These results suggest the RCEs to be candidate materials for use in promoting wound healing, through their actions of increasing cell migration and accelerating wound re-epithelialization.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.83-88
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• 2009

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of arthroscopic Bankart repair using metal suture anchors for treatment of chronic traumatic anterior instability of shoulder joint. Materials and Methods: 85 patients (80 male and 5 female) were included in this study. The average age was 26 (15~52) years old and the period from the first injury to operation was average 20 (6~38) months. All cases had Bankart lesion and 44 cases had Hill-Sachs lesion. The SLAP lesion was associated in 10 cases and 7 cases had partial rotator cuff tear. The average follow-up period was 89 (68~108) months. Results: Preoperative Rowe score was average 29.3 (25~50) and Rowe score improved to 86.8 (40~100), excellent in 28 cases (32.9%) and good in 46 cases (54.1%) at last follow up period and 70 cases (82.4%) had full range of motion of the shoulder. The arthroscopic revision surgery of the shoulder was performed in 3 cases (3.5%) because of postoperative re-dislocation. Conclusion: We concluded that arthroscopic Bankart repair with metal suture anchors is one of the reliable and effective method for recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation with Bankart lesion.