• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.28B no.10
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• pp.771-782
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• 1991

In industrial multivariable plants, it is ofte the case that the plant outputs are measured in similar components not simultaneously but serially. In this paper, the problem of estimating the state vector of the plant based on the data obtained from such a measuring scheme is considered, and a special type of observer(referred to as a $'$multiple serial-sampling$'$ type observer) which renews its internal states whenever a new group of data is obtained is proposed. It is proved that such an observer can be constructed for almost every sampling period if the palnt is observable as a continuous-time multivariable system, and that the poles of the closed-loop system using the multiple serial-sampling type observer consist of the poles of the observer and those of the state feedback system. The behaviors of the observer and the closed-loop system are studied by simulation. The results of simulation indicate that a multiple serial-ampling type observer can estimate the state of the plant more accurately than the ordinary type observers and improve the closed-loop performance, especially, in the existence of measuring noise.ng noise.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.47-57
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• 1998

Boric acid concentrations of the refueling water storage tank and the accumulators for Westinghouse 3-loop type plants are increased to meet the post loss of coolant accident shutdown requirement for the extended fuel cycles from 12 months to 18 months. To maintain long term cooling capability following a LOCA, the switchover time is examined using BORON code to prevent the boron precipitation in the reactor core with the increased boron concentrations. The analysis results show that hot leg recirculation switchover times are shortened to 7.5 hours from 24 hours after the initiation of LOCA for Kori 3&4 and 8 hours from 18 hours for Ulchin 1&2, respectively. The How path in the mode J for Kori 3&4 is recommended to realign to the simultaneous recirculation of both hot and cold legs from the cold leg recirculation, as done by Ulchin 1&2.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.542-549
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• 2008

The evaporation heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop of R-22 and R-407C in a horizontal copper tube were investigated experimentally. The main components of the refrigerant loop are a receiver, a compressor, a mass flow meter, a condenser and a double pipe type evaporator (test section). The test section consists of a smooth copper tube of 6.4 mm inner diameter. The refrigerant mass fluxes were varied from 100 to $300\;kg/m^2s$ and the saturation temperature of evaporator were $5^{\circ}C$. The evaporation heat transfer coefficients of R-22 and R-407C increase with the increase of mass flux and vapor quality. The evaporation heat transfer coefficients of R-22 is about $5.68{\times}46.6%$ higher than that of R-407C. The evaporation pressure drop of R-22 and R-407C increase with the increase of mass flux. The pressure drop of R-22 is similar to that of R-407C. In comparison with test results and existing correlations, correlations failed to predict the evaporation heat transfer coefficient of R-22 and R-407C. therefore, it is necessary to develope reliable and accurate predictions determining the evaporation heat transfer coefficient of R-22 and R-407C in a horizontal tube.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.27-36
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• 2007

The hypothetical protein TTC0263 of Thermus thermophilus HB27 is a thermophilic tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR)-containing protein. In the present study, the TPR region (residues 26-230) was resolved at $2.5{\AA}$ with R-factors of $R/R_{free}$ = 23.6%/28.6% $R/R_{free}=23.6%/28.6%$. TTC0263 consists of 11 helices that form five TPR units. Uniquely, it contains one atypical "extended" TPR (eTPR) unit. This comprises extended helical residues near the loop region of TTC0263, such that the helical length of eTPR is longer than that of the canonical TPR sequence. In addition, the hybrid TPR domain of TTC0263 possesses oligomer-forming characteristics. TPR domains are generally involved in forming multi-subunit complexes by interacting with each other or with other subunit proteins. The dynamic structure of TTC0263 described here goes some way to explaining how TPR domains mediate the formation of multi-subunit complexes.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.26-31
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• 2008

The evaporation heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop of R-22 and R-407C in a small diameter copper tube were investigated experimentally. The main components of the refrigerant loop are a receiver, a compressor, a mass flow mete, a condense and a double pipe type evaporate (test section). The test section consists of a smooth copper tube of 4.3 mm inner diameter. The refrigerant mass fluxes were varied from 100 to $300[kg/m^{2}s]$ and the saturation temperature of evaporator were $5[^{\circ}C]$. The evaporation heat transfer coefficients of R-22 and R-407C increase with the Increase in mass flux and vapor quality. The evaporation heat transfer coefficient of R-22 is about $7.3\sim47.1%$ higher than that of R-407C. The evaporation pressure drop of R-22 and R-407C increase with the increase of mass flux. The pressure drop of R-22 is about $8\sim20%$ higher than that of R-407C.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.145-153
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• 2015

In this study, we developed a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) with hydroxynaphtol blue dye (HNB) for rapid and direct visual detection of porcine circovirus 2 DNA with high sensitivity and specificity. The LAMP was completed in 40 min at $63^{\circ}C$, and the results of the LAMP can be confirmed by naked eye without any detection process. The sensitivity of the LAMP was 10-fold higher than that of the commercial PCR (cPCR) and real time PCR (rPCR) previously reported. In clinical application, the PCV2 detection rate of the LAMP was the same on porcine tissue samples (75.0%, 36/48) between porcine blood samples (75.0%, 39/52). The PCV2 detection rate (75.0%) of LAMP was higher than those of the cPCR and rPCR (67.3%, 35/52) in blood samples. In conclusion, the LAMP developed in the study could be an useful alternative method for the detection of PCV2 in the swine disease diagnostic laboratories.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.706-713
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• 2010

In this paper, the small loop antenna with a parasitic loop structure for penta-band mobile phone application is proposed. This antenna is composed of a feed monopole, a radiating loop antenna with a parasitic loop structure and an additional radiating element. The antenna is printed on the very thin flexible substrate to mount on the dielectric carrier with a volume of 40 mm$\times$11 mm$\times$3 mm. The bandwidth of the proposed antenna is 402 MHz(773~1,175 MHz) for low band and 583 MHz(1,622~2,205 MHz) for high band. As a result, the proposed antenna covers the five bands of GSM850, GSM900, DCS1800, PCS1,900 and WCDMA for a 3:1 VSWR. Moreover, the radiation pattern, gain and efficiency are appropriate for mobile handset. Therefore, this antenna is suitable for small sized multi-band mobile handset applications.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.589-598
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• 2004

Flow condensation heat transfer coefficients (HTCs) of R22 and R134a were measured on a horizontal 9 hole aluminum multi-channel tube. The main test section in the refrigerant loop was made of a flat multi-channel aluminum tube of 1.4 mm hydraulic diameter and 0.53 m length. Refrigerant was cooled by passing cold water through an annulus surrounding the test section. Data were obtained in the vapor qualities of 0.1∼0.9 at mass flux of 200∼400 kg/$m^2$s and heat flux of 7.3∼7.7 ㎾/$m^2$ at the saturation temperature of 4$0^{\circ}C$. All popular correlations in single-phase subcooled liquid and flow condensation originally developed for large single tubes predicted the present data of the flat tube within 20% deviation when effective heat transfer area is used in determining experimental data. This suggests that there is little change in flow characteristics and patterns when the tube diameter is reduced down to 1.4 mm diameter range. Thermal insulation for the outer tube section surrounding the test tube for the transport of heat transfer fluid is very important in fluid heat-ing or cooling type heat transfer experimental apparatus.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.44.1-44.1
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• 2018

We present a spectroscopic study of the Galactic supernova remnant (SNR) Cygnus Loop using the fifth Data Release (DR5) of LAMOST. The LAMOST (Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope) features both a large field-of-view (about 20 deg2) and a large aperture (~4 m in diameter), which allow us to obtain 4000 spectra simultaneously. Its wavelength coverage ranges from ${\sim}3700{\AA}$ to $9000{\AA}$ with a spectral resolution of $R{\approx}1800$. The Cygnus Loop is a prototype of middle-aged SNRs, which has advantages of being bright, large in angular size (${\sim}3.8^{\circ}{\times}3^{\circ}$), and relatively unobscured by dust. Along the line of sight of the Cygnus Loop, 2747 LAMOST DR5 spectra are found in total, which are spatially distributed over the entire remnant. Among them, 778 spectra are selected based on the presence of emission lines (i.e., [O III]${\lambda}5007$, Ha, and [S II]${\lambda}{\lambda}$ 6717, 6731) for further visual inspection. About half of them (336 spectra) show clear spectral features to confirm their association with the remnant, 370 spectra show stellar features only, and 72 spectra are ambiguous and need further investigation. For those associated with the remnant, we identify emission lines and measure their intensities. Spectral properties considerably vary within the remnant, and we compare them with theoretical models to derive physical properties of the SNR such as electron density and temperature, and shock velocity. While some line ratios are in good agreement with model prediction, others cannot be explained by simple shock models with a range of shock velocities. We discuss these discrepancies between model predictions and the observations and finally highlight the powerfulness of the LAMOST data to investigate spatial variations of physical properties of the Cygnus Loop.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.1774-1781
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• 1997

In this paper, we propose a full digital frequency and phase locked loop for CATV and HDTV receivers adopting VSB modulation. The CATV and HDTV receivers proposed by the Grand-Alliance in USA are ultilizing analog signal processing technology for carrier recovery. By the way, it is not a good architecture for the development of single chip ASIC operating in digital domain. To solve this problem while improving the performance, we first down convert the received r.f. signal to a near baseband signal for a low-rate AD converter and then we use digital signal processing techniques. The proposed system has the frequency pull-in range of -200 KHz +2.50 KHz. Moreover, it has the ability of adaptive loop bandwidth control according to the amount of frequency offset to improve the acquisition time while reducing the phase noise.