• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.85-100
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this thesis is to help the preparation of oriental medicine clinical guidelines for drawing up the standards of oriental medicine demonstration and diagnosis classification about the neck pain. Methods : Statistical analysis about Gyeonghangtong(頸項痛), Nakchim(落枕), Sagyeong(斜頸), Hanggang (項强) classified experts' opinions about neck pain patients by Delphi method is conducted by using oriental medicine diagnosis questionnaire. The result was classified by using linear discriminant analysis (LDA), diagonal linear discriminant analysis (DLDA), diagonal quadratic discriminant analysis (DQDA), K-nearest neighbor classification (KNN), classification and regression trees (CART), support vector machines (SVM). Results : The results are summarized as follows. 1. The result analyzed by using LDA has a hit rate of 84.47% in comparison with the original diagnosis. 2. High hit rate was shown when the test for three categories such as Gyeonghangtong and Hanggang category, Sagyeong caterogy and Nakchim caterogy was conducted. 3. The result analyzed by using DLDA has a hit rate of 58.25% in comparison with the original diagnosis. The result analyzed by using DQDA has a accuracy of 57.28% in comparison with the original diagnosis. 4. The result analyzed by using KNN has a hit rate of 69.90% in comparison with the original diagnosis. 5. The result analyzed by using CART has a hit rate of 69.60% in comparison with the original diagnosis. There was a hit rate of 70.87% When the test of selected 8 significant questions based on analysis of variance was performed. 6. The result analyzed by using SVM has a hit rate of 80.58% in comparison with the original diagnosis. Conclusions : Statistical analysis using oriental medicine diagnosis questionnaire on neck pain generally turned out to have a significant result.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.209-214
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• 2006

This study is validity study of the questionnaire for doctors for Sasang constituion diagnosis. (an objects of this study : 314 patients) We analyzed the results of questionnaires about 314 patients who were diagnosed in Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine from June to November, 2004. The questionnaire for doctors consists of objective valuation about the patients for Sasang constituion diagnosis. In the analysis about all variables, we obtain the diagnosis accuracy of 92%. In the analysis about body type variable, we obtain the diagnosis accuracy of 44-48%. In the analysis about external appearance, mental characteristics, physiology & pathologic symptoms variables, we obtain the diagnosis accuracy of 46-72%. After all, in order to increase of the diagnosis accuracy, we have to analysis total variables(body type, external appearance, mental characteristics, physiology & pathologic symptoms) for sasang constituion diagnosis. Hereafter, We need many data and standardization for sasang constituion diagnosis.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.42-62
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• 2011

Objective: This study was designed to identify and explore the pathological patterns of functional dyspepsia (FD) patients. We also evaluated the usefulness of the Pattern Identification Questionnaire by comparing it with other assessment tools for FD. Methods: We recruited 97 FD patients based on the Rome III criteria for FD diagnosis. The pathological patterns of the subjects were determined by the Pattern Identification Questionnaire. Their dyspepsia-related symptoms were assessed using the Gastrointestinal Symptom Questionnaire (GIS) and the Pyeongwi-san (Pingwei-san) Patternization Questionnaire. Depressive symptoms were evaluated with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and quality of life with the Functional Dyspepsia-Related Quality of Life (FD-QoL) Questionnaire. Tongue coating was measured by the Digital Tongue Diagnosis System (DTDS). Results: The male to female ratio was 1:1.1, and the forties and fifties age groups were largest in number. The spleen deficiency and phlegm-dampness pattern was the most common pattern found among the FD patients. No significant differences in the GIS, BDI, FD-QoL, and DTDS scores were found among the five pattern types. All pattern types showed significant correlation with GIS, Pyeongwi-san Patternization Questionnaire, and FD-QoL scores. Conclusions: Pattern Identification Questionnaire can not only identify the pathological pattern types of FD patients but also evaluate the severity of their symptoms. Compared to conventional assessment tools for FD, it could enable a more dynamic evaluation of FD patients reflecting the severity of dyspeptic symptoms and the quality of life. Further studies on the Pattern Identification of FD patients are anticipated in order to improve the diagnosis and therapy for Korean FD patients.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.534-539
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• 2009

Deficiency and excess pattern differentiation is unique characteristic of traditional oriental medicine on diagnosis and treatment. This differentiation is accomplished through pulse, tongue diagnosis and question examination, but most of these processes need to be objectified for efficacious treatment and traditional medicine development. In this study, we developed the deficiency and excess pattern questionnaire for objectification of question examination. The deficiency and excess pattern questionnaire was made out through The Traditional Oriental Medical Literature with Delphi Technique. Patients who visited oriental medical hospital filled out the questionnaire by themselves. Diagnosis of deficiency and excess pattern are conducted separately by oriental medical doctors with more than 5 years' clinical experience. Various physical condition factors were derived for the deficiency and excess pattern questionnaire. (Ordinary health degree, pain pattern, fatigue, weight change, sweating, uncomfortable awareness on chest and abdomen) Deficiency symptoms group acquired internal consistency, but excess symptoms group did not. (Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ > 0.6) There were significant associations between doctor's diagnosis and deficiency and excess symptoms in 'ordinary heath degree', 'voice weakening', and 'chest distress' (p-value < 0.1) There were significant differences between deficiency and excess syndrome patients groups in deficiency questionnaire score but there were no significant differences between deficiency and excess syndrome patients groups in excess questionnaire score. We acquired the internal consistency and significant result of deficiency pattern questionnaire, but we can find out some difficulties in development of the excess pattern questionnaire. These difficulties are associated with insufficiency description of traditional literature and small number of patients diagnosed as excess pattern.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.355-360
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to find out the direction of development of the expert diagnosis system by questioning student satisfaction after practicing Oriental Diagnosis System (ODS). A questionnaire survey was conducted for 73 students who attended Pusan National University Graduate School of Korean Medicine and conducted clinical practice from the second semester of 17 years to the first semester of 18 years. The questionnaire survey consisted of 6 questions about the satisfaction of current expert system and 5 questions about supplementation and addition. As a result of the questionnaire analysis, the question about the necessity of the expert diagnosis system and the benefit of clinical practice using the expert diagnosis system indicated high positive response rate. On the other hand, there is a difference in the results of the dialysis before and after using the expert diagnosis system. So, It seems that the reliability of the results of the expert diagnosis system is still low. The results of the questionnaire indicate that the need for expert diagnosis system is beneficial, but it is necessary to supplement the current system in order to improve clinical utility in the future.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.274-287
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• 2014

Objectives: This study was aimed to figure out an agreement between the diagnosis of nasal endoscopy and a preexisting questionnaire focusing on Cold-Heat pattern. Methods: 52 patients with cough who met the criteria filled out a pattern questionnaire and the examiner looked at their nasal cavities through nasal endoscopy. According to the checked questionnaire results, the subjects were identified by 6 patterns. After examining subject's mucous membrane of oropharynx and nasal cavity through nasal endoscopy, we classified each to the Cold or Heat group. Correlation between questionnaire and nasal endoscopy results was analyzed. Results: In diagnosing Cold-Heat, there was no significant difference by McNemar test (p=0.227) between nasal endoscopy and the questionnaire, and the two methods agreed moderately (${\kappa}=0.428$). The color of mucous membrane of oropharynx and the Cold-Heat pattern on questionnaire agreed slightly (${\kappa}=0.133$). The color of mucous membrane of nasal cavity and the Cold-Heat pattern on questionnaire agreed fairly (${\kappa}=0.384$). In the patients with cough related to upper respiratory tract, they got higher diagnosis accuracy than the patients with cough related to lower respiratory tract did. Similarly, external cough patients got higher diagnosis accuracy than internal cough patients did. Conclusions: To identify Cold or Heat, examining oropharynx and nasal cavity using nasal endoscopy is a meaningful method in patients with cough, showing that two diagnosis methods which use nasal endoscopy and questionnaire agreed moderately. Especially, it is more useful diagnosing patients with cough related to the upper respiratory tract than diagnosing the patients with cough related to the lower respiratory tract.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.190-200
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to suggest the standard process in developing Questionnaire of Pattern Identification (QPI). The process in developing QPI was researched from validated and developed questionnaire and the standard process in developing QPI was suggested through review of the experts in research, statistics and clinics. Check list was also provided. The number of QPI reviewed in this research was 17(4 in disease in Korea Medicine, 5 in Pathological symptoms, 6 in Sasang constitutional Diagnosis, and 2 in etc), The standard process in developing QPI consisted of 11 phage and 33 check lists. 1) Composition of Research Member(3check lists), 2)Set up of the Aim(5), 3) Review for advanced research(3), 4) Finding an Important Index(3), 5) Review of item selection(4), 6) Developing the questions using items(5), 7) Developing Draft of Questionnaire(2), 8) 1^st Survey of Reliability and Validity(2), 9) Revision and Correction of Item(1), 10) 2^st Survey of Reliability and Validity(2), 11) Completion and Application(3). This study suggests the standard process in developing QPI for the first time in Korea. This following step may help A new QPI development.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2016

Objectives : We presented the results of reliability study in advance, and analyzed agreement between Korean medicine doctors(KMDs)' diagnosis and cold-heat pattern identification questionnaire(CHPI)'s diagnosis. Methods : This survey was conducted from May 16 to 17, 2015. The subjects were 93 adults living in rural society. Diagnosis of CHPI was performed by 2 KMDs who have clinical experience more than 5 years. The KMDs' diagnosis was set as a reference index, and then we compare 23 items(cold pattern 11 items and heat pattern 12 items) of CHPI questionnaire and 15 items(cold pattern 8 items and heat pattern 7 items) that were brief form of it. We had cut-off value by standard of KMDs' diagnosis using receiver operating characteristic-curve(ROC-curve), with which we calculated agreement including kappa value. Correlation analysis between CHPI evaluation score by KMDs and by the questionnaire was fulfilled as well. Results : Agreement about 11 and 8 cold pattern items showed 87.1% together, and the value of kappa each recorded 0.742 and 0.741. Agreement about 12 and 7 heat pattern items suggested 81.7% and 78.5%, and the value of kappa showed 0.634 and 0.570. Correlation coefficients were 0.803 of 11 items and 0.761 of 8 items about cold pattern. In addition, correlation coefficients were 0.789 of 12 items and 0.767 of 7 items about heat pattern. The significant probability (p-value) was under 0.001. Conclusions : We have developed CHPI questionnaire involving reliability and agreement based on usual symptoms, and hope additional complements so that Korean medicine diagnostics and Korean preventive medicine would be improved.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.98-115
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• 2007

1. Objectives This study focuses on the Validity of the Questionnaire about Sasang Constitution Classification for Mongolians 2. Methods By using the way of backward elimination, certain variables are chosen from the 438 cases whose physical conditions are absolutely diagnosed. After that, discriminant analysis for the selected variables has been done to obtain the physical constitution equation and the accuracy ratio of diagnosis which are useful for physical constitution diagnosis. 3. Results and Conclusions (1) In tile Validity for the Questionnaire of Sasang Constitution Classification for Mongolians, the accuracy ratio of diagnosis of Taeyangin is 100%, Soyangin 62.5%, Taeumin 76.7%, and Soeumin 66.1% respectively as a result of the discriminant analysis employing Cronbach's alpha coefficient. On the whole, the accuracy ratio of diagnosis is 70.1%. (2). In the Validity for the Questionnaire of Sasang Constitution Classification for Mongolians, the accuracy ratio of diagnosis of 70.1% means that it beats the maximum chance criterion of 41.4% and the proportional chance criterion of 34.4% by 28.7% and 35.7% respectively. Conclusively, this questionnaire has discriminant power.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.23-34
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• 2015

Objectives: This study is aimed at assessing the reliability of a standard instrument of diagnosis and assessment for Spleen Qi deficiency pattern questionnaire (SQDQ) and examining the validity of the SQDQ by comparing the pattern identification scores of different groups. Methods: We conducted a survey of 72 participants (60 patients with chronic dyspepsia and 12 healthy subjects) using self-reported questionnaire. Participants were given written consent and this study was performed under the permission of institutional review board of Kyung-Hee university Korean medicine hospital. Results: The reliability and the validity of the questionnaire were inspected. Internal consistency of the SQDQ was excellent. Construct validity analyzed by exploratory factor analysis produced 4 factors, which were selected from eigenvalues that are greater than 1.0. The factor 1, 2, 3 and 4 showed 'fatigue', 'meal', 'diagnosis' and 'figure' respectively. For most of SQDQs' items, there were significant differences observed between the Spleen Qi and the non-Spleen Qi groups. However, the 'emaciation', 'tongue diagnosis' and 'pulse diagnosis' showed no significant differences. Conclusions: The SQDQ restructured in this study may provide a fundamental questionnaire and a further study is required for a more advanced, standardized and statistically proven questionnaire.