• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.111-118
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• 2016

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine the ethical values of physical therapy. This study was launched to establish a foundation for this field of study by gathering data about current topic of ethical values in the field of physical therapy. METHODS: This investigation was conducted with 900 students from seven different universities in the Republic of Korea (three, four-year colleges. The methodology of this research was directed at revamping and supplementing ethical codes in the Korean Physical Therapy Association and establishing a set of ethics-related questions as inspired by the studies conducted by Youk and Choi. Each question was assigned a different point-value according to the standards of measurement that we established. RESULTS: The scores of participants and their sibling status, it appears that whether participants had siblings did significantly impact their ethical outlook. The scores based on sibling one and two siblings, more than three siblings, no sibling were 29.42, 29.03, 28.25, and 28.19, respectively (p<.05). But in examining the average ethics scores with regards to reported past experiences with ethics education, we can see that past experience significantly impacted the results of the study on medical ethics perceptions. The scores corresponding to responses that one did or did not have prior experience were 29.40 versus 28.99. CONCLUSION: It is crucial to assure that physical therapy students receive well-founded information and proper ethical value. We suggest that create an ethics education program to enhance physical therapists and physical therapy students.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.30-41
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• 1997

This is descripitive study conducted to identify educational needs of mothers of nephrotic syndrome patients. The study subjects were composed of 74 mothers of nephrotic syndrome patients whose children were hospitalized in 2 Pediatric wards of University Hospital in Seoul and 1 in Pusan from June to september in 1996. A questionaire for this study was item Kikert type 5 point scale, developed on the basis of previous literature and researcher's clinical experience and the reliability of the used instruments was α=.97. t-test, and ANOVA were used to determine the effect of general characteristics of subjects on their educational needs. Pearson correlation was done to measure relations between general characterictics of subjects and their educational needs and Stepwise Multiple Regression was done to test a variable affecting educational needs. The results were as follows. 1. Mean score of the educational needs of the subjects was 137.06(Maximum 176) . The educational needs of home care was the highest score, but the question numbers are smaller than other categories. So, the educational need of the diagnosis and treatment was regarded as the highest in contents. 2. The number of subject's children, except for patient revealed significant negative correlation to educational need. 3. The number of subject's children, except for patient(R²=.215289 P=.0006)and the age of patient (R²=.23770 P=.0001) were emerged as important variables affecting the degree of mothers' educational need. Suggestion are as follows on the basis of these results. 1. It is proposed that nurses use these results of the study activly for the educational program for Nephrotic Syndrome patients and their mothers. 2. It is identified that the educational needs of the mothers of nephrotic syndrom is high. So, it is suggested to identify and analysis the degree of the nurse's educational performance perceived by mother. 3. It is suggested to make a comparative study of the degree of nurse's understanding of the importance on educational items with the instruments of this study.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.405-412
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• 2003

This research investigated the preference factor which has an effect on the forms of bus stop shelter in order to grasp the visual preference factor, which is necessary for planning and designing of bus stop shelter centering around user, starting with the question of the research regarding that a shelter is preferred by what kind of factor when the environmental conditions are regular. This research examined the relation between visual preference and preference factor which has an effect on it with Multiple Regression Analysis after evaluating visual preference for shelter form by user as applying of scoring system of Interval Scale. The result of the factor analysis by visual evaluation for the form of bus stop shelter through the said research result will have an great effect on the design of bus stop shelter centering around its user. Therefore, this research result will give a knowledge which is necessary for the plan and the installation of bus stop shelter, and contributes to shelter design and bus stop promotion which can maximize the satisfaction of user. As well, concerning the management of bus stop facilities, it will give useful guidelines for planning strategically the shelter management centering around user. In particular, It is estimated that the preference factor analysis by visual evaluation of the mass transportation user in daily life will be the cardinal point for bus stop plan.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.873-882
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• 2002

Estimation of development cost, effort and time is difficult and a key problem of software engineering in the early stage of software development. These are estimated by using the function point which is measured from a requirement specification. However, it is often a serious Question of the staffing level required for the software development. The purpose of this paper is to show us the model which can be used to estimate a size of development team. Three hundred one software projects have been analyzed and studied for the model. First, an analysis was conducted for statistical algorithmic model. After various data transformation and regression analysis, it was concluded that no good model was available. Therefore, non-algorithmic model was suggested for analysis, which has random distribution of residuals and makes good performance using RBF (Radial Basis Function) network. Since the model provides a standard to determine the required size of development team, it ran be used as management information.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.67-73
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• 2011

One of the important topics to prepare the up-coming era of so-called ‘hydrogen economy’ is hydrogen transmission. Pipeline is conceivably the most economic way to consistently and safely transport a large amount of hydrogen over a long distance, which may be strongly requested in hydrogen economy era. As a good starting point for the purpose, one might wonder whether conventional API pipeline steels as designed for natural gas transmission can be used as the hydrogen pipeline materials or not. To answer the question, here we performed a series of micro-/nano-indentations together with tensile tests on the hydrogen-charged API X65, X70 and X100 steels having different strength level. In this paper, from the results of tensile tests, the hydrogen effects on the mechanical behavior in the API steels are systematically evaluated.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.71-80
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• 2010

The purpose of this research is to help IPTV (Internet Protocol Television) commercialization using newly produced educational contents in the area of entertainment and education which currently popular in the market. It is called, Stimulus $Tester^{TM}$, endow reaction time from the feedback of learning system, using a non-direct method, for example, a remote controller. Reaction time is the learning efficiency promotion mechanism that learner ascertain the learning condition of oneself by the time with solved questions from the solving the question in given time. Reaction time also play a key role that the learner may go through course which distribute the point to PC from Server. If this system is ready, we expect that the educational industry will gradually spread out. To verify the learning efficiency of this system, we concluded that the learning improvements, by an Internet-based and a paper-based test, of the increase by 51%, from 2.47min to 1.27min, during reaction of 7 days.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.143-153
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• 2005

The purpose of this research is to study face images according to the difference of facial shape and make-up. A variety of face images can be formulated by computer graphic simulation, combining numerously different facial shapes and make-up styles. In order to check out the diverse images by make-up styles, we applied five forms of eye brows, two types of eye shadows, and three lip shapes to the round-shaped face of a model. The question sheet, used with a operational stimulant in the experiment, contained 28 articles, composed of a pair of bi-ended adjective in 7 point scale. Data were analyzed using Varimax perpendicular rotation method, Duncan's Multiple Range Test, and Three-way ANOVA. After comparing various results of make-up application to various face types, we could find that facial shape, eye-brows, eye-shadow, and lip shapes influence interactively on total facial images. As a result of make-up image perception analyses, a factor structure was divided into mildness, modernness, elegance, and sociableness. Speaking of make-up image in terms of those factors, round form make-up style showed the highest level of mildness. Upward and straight style of make-up had the highest of modernness. Elegance level went highest when eye shadow style was round form and lip style was straight. Lastly, an incurve lip make-up style showed the highest of sociableness.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.190-197
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• 2010

Background: Conventional spinal saddle block is performed with the patient in a sitting position, keeping the patient sitting for between 3 to 10 min after injection of a drug. This amount of time, however, is long enough to cause prolonged postoperative urinary retention. The trend in this block is to lower the dose of local anesthetics, providing a selective segmental block; however, an optimal dose and method are needed for adequate anesthesia in variable situations. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the question of whether only 1 min of sitting after drug injection would be sufficient and safe for minor anorectal surgery. Methods: Two hundred and sixteen patients undergoing minor anorectal surgery under spinal anesthesia remained sitting for 1 min after completion of subarachnoid administration of 1 ml of a 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine solution (5 mg). They were then placed in the jack-knife position. After surgery, analgesia levels were assessed using loss of cold sensation in the supine position. The next day, urination and 11-point numeric rating scale (NRS) for postoperative pain were assessed. Results: None of the patients required additional analgesics during surgical manipulation. Postoperative sensory levels were T10 [T8-T12] in patients, and no significant differences were observed between sex (P = 0.857), height (P = 0.065), obesity (P = 0.873), or age (P = 0.138). Urinary retention developed in only 7 patients (3.2%). In this group, NRS was $5.0{\pm}2.4$ (P = 0.014). Conclusions: The one-minute sitting position for spinal saddle block before the jack-knife position is a safe method for use with minor anorectal surgery and can reduce development of postoperative urinary retention.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.413-422
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• 1993

Air shipment affords the quickest possible delivery of horticultural products. The price of air shipped horticultural products are relatively high as most of these products are perishable. Usually the temperature in the cargo compartment is not controlled during flight. Thus, special attention should be paid to procooling prior to shipment. The environmental condition during transportation of horticultural products is an essential parameter for maintaining the quality of perishable products. Commonly horticultural products were loaded by ULD(Unit Load Devices) as a container or pallet in the aircraft (except for small aircraft) . Therefore, inside temperature of the container and cargo compartment came into question. Scarce literature on the relationship between environmental condition and quality changes of horticultural products during air shipment can be found. By the stand point of keeping fresh quality, investigations on the actual condition of air shipments were carried out to improve the technique during the distribution process of fresh horticultural products. Temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, carbon dioxide, ethylene, impacts, and changes in quality during the air shipment of snapbeans, okras and chrysanthemums were measured. Temperature was measured by recording thermometers, relative humidity by recording hygrometers, atmospheric pressure by a strain -guage type pressure sensor, carbon dioxide by testing tubes, ethylene by sampling bags and a gaschromatograph, impacts and vibrations by impact recorders and a 3D accelerometer. Relationships between environmental conditions and quality changes during air shipments were clarified. It was expected from investigations into actual shipments that the ventilation and insulation properties of air freight containers were related to the quality of agricultural products. Aircraft can no directly load and unload trucks into them. The transshipment is inclined to cause shocks and vibrations, and to invite damages within a short time.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.751-754
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• 2007

This research executes recognition research on politics realities to highschool students. Their evaluation under 60 point was 48.5%, between 61 and 70 was 36.5%. It shows that most high school students recognize that politics realities is not good. Specially, evaluation of qualities of politician under 60 points was 63.1%. On the other hand, the biggest problem which they think was politicians. This response was 64.1%, it's the highest rate. And they response that the thing needed for developing our country were : first, improvement of politician's qualities, it's 64.1%. second, changing politics culture, it's 11.2%, third, improving government system, it's 9.5%. fourth, reforming politics system. It tells us most respondents think that politicians should improve their qualities. And in question for improving awareness of politics of young people, they answered visiting a political party(26.7%), education of politics (24.1%), a mock politics programs(21.9%).