• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.1085-1097
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• 2022

A printed circuit steam generator (PCSG) is being considered as the component for pressurized water reactor (PWR) type small modular reactor (SMR) that can further reduce the physical size of the system. Since a steam generator in many PWR-type SMR generates superheated steam, it is expected that dryout front oscillation can potentially cause thermal fatigue failure due to cyclic thermal stresses induced by the transition in boiling regimes between convective evaporation and film boiling. To investigate the fatigue issue of a PCSG, a reference PCSG is designed in this study first using an in-house PCSG design tool. For the stress analysis, a finite element method analysis model is developed to obtain the temperature and stress fields of the designed PCSG. Fatigue estimation is performed based on ASME Boiler and pressure vessel code to identify the major parameters influencing the fatigue life time originating from the dryout front oscillation. As a result of this study, the limit on the temperature difference between the hot side and cold side fluids is obtained. Moreover, it is found that the heat transfer coefficient of convective evaporation and film boiling regimes play an essential role in the fatigue life cycle as well as the temperature difference.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.683-688
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• 2021

미래를 이끌 기술로 주목받고 있는 양자 컴퓨터 기술의 발전으로 RSA나 ECDSA와 같은 전자서명 기술들이 위협받고 있다. 대안으로 격자 기반, 다변수 기반, 코드 기반, 해시 기반 등 다양한 양자내성암호가 연구되고 있는데 그 중 해시 기반은 빠르고 정량적 보안 수준을 계산할 수 있으며 안전성도 증명된 상태여서 많은 관심을 받고 있다. 본 논문에서는 그 동안 제안된 다양한 해시 함수 기반 전자서명 기법들을 살펴보고 각각의 특징 및 장단점을 분석한다. 또한 해시 함수 기반 전자서명 기법이 실질적으로 사용되기 위해서는 서명 크기를 줄이는 것이 무엇보다 중요하다는 점을 강조한다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.2840-2856
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• 2024

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) has emerged as a pivotal technology to address the escalating communication demands of Internet of Things (IoT). To meet the data transmission needs in IoT systems, we propose an antenna selection method of massive MIMO systems and joint power allocation strategy considering IoT user devices grounded in quantum energy valley optimization (QEVO) in this paper. The derivation of a maximum energy efficiency equation has been established to optimize system resources and provide high quality of service meeting the IoT user devices requirements. To tackle the nonlinear, multiconstrained hybrid optimization challenge proposed for massive MIMO resource allocation in IoT systems, we introduce a quantum energy valley optimization algorithm. This algorithm harnesses the strengths of quantum computation and energy valley optimization (EVO) mechanisms. Simulations indicate that our proposed method can efficiently meet real-time user transmission requirements while markedly enhancing system energy efficiency. When compared with existing power allocation strategies and optimization algorithms applied in massive MIMO communication systems, our approach demonstrates superior performance. The proposed method demonstrates the highest performance across various simulation scenarios when applied to both allocation strategies and system energy efficiency. Our proposed method with highest performance can be properly used on massive IoT devices.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제49권8호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2012

Quantum-Inspired Evolutionary Algorithm(QEA)은 알고리즘 자체에 충분한 data-level parallelism이 내재되어 있어 GPU를 이용한 가속에 용이하다. 그러나 효과적인 실행시간의 단축을 위해서는 CPU와 GPU에의 적절한 task-mapping이 필요하다. 이때 단순히 함수 자체의 병렬성만을 고려하는 것이 아니라 CPU와 GPU간의 데이터 전송도 고려하여 task-mapping을 할 필요가 있다. 또한 추가적인 성능향상을 위하여 zero-copy host memory와 적절한 execution configuration의 사용, 그리고 memory coalescing 등을 이용할 수 있다. 그 결과 30,000개의 item수를 가진 0-1 knapsack problem에 대한 QEA의 수행을 multi-threading CPU에 비해 평균 3.69배 빠르게 할 수 있었다.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.213-224
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• 2010

An optically controlled silicon MESFET (OPFET) was fabricated by diffusion process to enhance the quantum efficiency, which is the most important optoelectronic device performance usually affected by ion implantation process due to large number of process induced defects. The desired impurity distribution profile and the junction depth were obtained solely with diffusion, and etching processes monitored by atomic force microscope, spreading resistance profiling and C-V measurements. With this approach fabrication induced defects are reduced, leading to significantly improved performance. The fabricated OPFET devices showed proper I-V characteristics with desired pinch-off voltage and threshold voltage for normally-on devices. The peak photoresponsivity was obtained at 620 nm wavelength and the extracted external quantum efficiency from the photoresponse plot was found to be approximately 87.9%. This result is evidence of enhancement of device quantum efficiency fabricated by the diffusion process. It also supports the fact that the diffusion process is an extremely suitable process for fabrication of high performance optoelectronic devices. The maximum gain of OPFET at optical modulated signal was obtained at the frequency of 1 MHz with rise time and fall time approximately of 480 nS. The extracted transconductance shows the possible potential of device speed performance improvements for shorter gate length. The results support the use of a diffusion process for fabrication of high performance optoelectronic devices.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2017

We have investigated the washing method of as-synthesized CdSe/ZnS core/shell structure quantum dots (QDs) and the effective surface passivation method of the washed QDs using PMMA. The quantum yield (QY%) of as-synthesized QDs decreases with time, from 79.3% to 21.1%, owing to surface reaction with residual organics. The decreased QY% is restored to the QY% of as-synthesized QDs by washing. However, the QY% of washed QDs also decreases with time, owing to the absence of surface passivation layer. On the other hand, the PMMA-treated QDs maintained a relatively higher QY% after washing than that of the washed QDs that were kept in toluene solution for 30 days. Formation of the PMMA coating layer on CdSe/ZnS QD surface is confirmed by HR-TEM and FT-IR. It is found that the PMMA surface coating, when combined with washing, is useful to be applied in the storage of QDs, owing to its long-term stability.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권10호
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• pp.3641-3649
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• 2022

A simple solvothermal reaction was used to prepare a 3-aminopropyl-functionalized silica-gel-based adsorbent for adsorbing Pd(II) from the nitric acid solution. Scanning electron microscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetry analysis were performed on the as-synthesized adsorbent to demonstrate the successful introduction of Schiff base groups. Batch experiments were used to investigate the effects of contact time, nitric acid concentration, solution temperature, and adsorption capacity. It is worth noting that the prepared adsorbent exhibited a higher affinity toward Pd(II) with the uptake approximately 100% even in a 2 M HNO₃ solution. At an equilibrium time of 5 h, the maximum adsorption capacity of Pd(II) was estimated to be 0.452 mmol/g. The adsorbed Pd(II) could be completely eluted by dissolving 0.2 M thiourea solution in 0.1 M HNO₃. Using a combination of particle-induced X-ray emission analysis and an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer, the adsorbed Pd was found to be uniformly distributed on the surface of the prepared adsorbent and the existing species were Pd(II) and zero-valent Pd(0). Due to the desirable performances, facile preparation method, and abundant raw material source, the prepared adsorbent demonstrated a high application potential in the recovery of Pd(II) from simulated high-level liquid waste treatment.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.92-97
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• 2013

Migration-enhanced epitaxy 성장한 InAs/GaAs 양자점(quantum dots)의 광학적 특성을 PL (photoluminescence)과 Time-resolved PL 이용하여 분석하였다. InAs 양자점은 In을 9.3초 공급하고 5초 차단한 후 As을 3초, 4초, 6초, 또는 9초 공급하고 5초 차단하는 과정을 3회 반복하여 성장하였다. As을 3초 공급한 시료의 PL 피크는 1,140 nm에서 나타나고, PL 세기는 다른 세 시료에 비해 매우 약하게 나타났다. As 공급시간을 3초에서 증가하였을 때 모든 PL 피크는 1,118 nm로 청색이동하여 나타났으며, PL 세기는 증가하였다. As을 6초 공급한 시료의 PL 세기가 가장 강하게 나타나고, 반치폭(full width at half maximum)도 가장 좁게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 양자점의 밀도와 균일도(크기변화)로 설명된다. 또한 발광파장에 따른 PL 소멸시간은 PL 피크 근처에서 가장 길게 나타났다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.933-940
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• 2012

Recently, it has been shown that quantum coherence appears in energy transfers of various photosynthetic lightharvesting complexes at from cryogenic to even room temperatures. Because the photosynthetic systems are inherently complex, these findings have subsequently interested many researchers in the field of both experiment and theory. From the theoretical part, simplified dynamics or semiclassical approaches have been widely used. In these approaches, the quantum-classical Liouville equation (QCLE) is the fundamental starting point. Toward the semiclassical scheme, approximations are needed to simplify the equations of motion of various degrees of freedom. Here, we have adopted the Poisson bracket mapping equation (PBME) as an approximate form of QCLE and applied it to find the time evolution of the excitation in a photosynthetic complex from marine algae. The benefit of using PBME is its similarity to conventional Hamiltonian dynamics. Through this, we confirmed the coherent population transfer behaviors in short time domain as previously reported with a more accurate but more time-consuming iterative linearized density matrix approach. However, we find that the site populations do not behave according to the Boltzmann law in the long time limit. We also test the effect of adding spurious high frequency vibrations to the spectral density of the bath, and find that their existence does not alter the dynamics to any significant extent as long as the associated reorganization energy is changed not too drastically. This suggests that adopting classical trajectory based ensembles in semiclassical simulations should not influence the coherence dynamics in any practical manner, even though the classical trajectories often yield spurious high frequency vibrational features in the spectral density.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.117-126
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• 2009

목적: 수치해석적인 방법을 통해 핵자기공명 분광기법에서의 다중양자 필터를 디자인하는 방법을 소개하고 이를 뇌의 중요한 대사체인 myo-inositol의 생체 내 검출에 이용하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 이를 위해 우선적으로 myo-inositol의 분광학적 성질을 조사 한 후 다중양자 필터의 echo time, mixing time 그리고 세번째 $9^{\circ}$ 펄스의 flip angle과 offset frequency같은 시퀀스 파라미터들을 최적화 하였다. 최적화된 필터는 우선적으로 실험 팬텀에서 테스트 한 후 최종적으로 인간의 두뇌에서 그 성능을 검증하였다. 결과: 실험결과를 토대로, 본 연구에서 제안하는 다중양자 필터를 사용하여 신호의 순수도가 크게 개선된 타겟 대사체의 신호를 얻을 수 있음을 알 수 있다. 결론: 수치해석적인 방법을 통하여 핵자기공명 분광기법에서의 다중양자 필터를 디자인함으로써 특히, 복잡한 스핀계를 갖는 타겟대사체의 신호의 순수도를 크게 강화할 수 있다.