• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.1-11
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• 2001

Most handoff control schemes try to offer the negotiated QoS by resource reservation for handoff calls. However, it is very difficult to determine the optimal amount of reservation resource for the handoff calls, and sometimes a considerable waste of network resource may be caused. In order to solve this problem, we propose a 2-level resource reservation and call admission control scheme. In our scheme, handoffs are classified into two types (primary and secondary) based on how often they occur and are dealt with in different ways. Simulation results show that our scheme may allow more efficient utilization of network resource without degrading QoS comparing with the existing with legacy handoff control scheme.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.31 no.9B
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• pp.785-791
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• 2006

A CF-Poll frame which contains the channel reservation time can be piggybacked in QoS-Data frame to increase the channel efficiency in HCCA. However, if any QSTA in the network uses the low physical transmission rate, the QoS-Data frame which includes the CF-Poll frame must be transmitted by the minimum transmission rate. Therefore, it can cause the decrease of the channel efficiency and the increase of the frame transmission delay for other traffic streams when any QSTA has the low physical transmission rate. In this paper, we define this phenomenon as the piggyback problem at the low physical transmission rate and evaluate the effect of this problem. In the simulation results, when a CF-Poll piggyback is used, the delay is increased about 25% if any QSTA has the low physical transmission rate, while the delay is decreased about 7.8% if all QSTA has the high physical transmission rate. We also found that the gain of the CF-Poll piggyback mechanism is achieved when all QSTA has higher physical transmission rate than 24 or 36Mbps.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2006

To guarantee QoS (Quality of Service), routers should determine routing paths satisfying service requirements, based on link state information as well as network topology. Link status database (LSD) in routers should be efficiently managed to effectively reflect the current state of all links. However, there is a trade off between the exact reflection of the current link status and its update cost. For exactly reflecting the current link status, each router immediately notifies its neighbors that link state information is changed. This may degrade performance of the router due to the processing of link state update messages. On the other side, if the current link state information is not updated appropriately, a route setup request can be rejected because of the discrepancy between the current link state information and previously updated link state information in LSD. In this paper, we propose a traffic variation based link state update algorithm for adaptively controlling the generation of link state update messages and compare its performance with those of four existing algorithms by intensive simulations.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.30 no.10B
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• pp.630-638
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• 2005

As real-time media applications based on IP multicast networks spread widely, the end-to-end QoS (quality of service) provisioning for these applications have become very important. To guarantee the end-to-end QoS of multi-party media applications, it is essential to monitor the time-varying status of both network metrics (i.e., delay, jitter and loss) and system metrics (i.e., CPU and memory utilization). In this paper, targeting the multicast-enabled AG (Access Grid) group collaboration tool based on multi-Party real-time media services, a hybrid monitoring scheme that can monitor the status of both multicast network and node system is investigated. It combines active monitoring and passive monitoring approaches to measure multicast network. The active monitoring measures network-layer metrics (i.e., network condition) with probe packets while the passive monitoring checks application-layer metrics (i.e., user traffic condition by analyzing RTCP packets). In addition, it measures node system metrics from system API. By comparing these hybrid results, we attempt to pinpoint the causes of performance degradation and explore corresponding reactions to improve the end-to-end performance. The experimental results show that the proposed hybrid monitoring can provide useful information to coordinate the performance improvement of multi-party real-time media applications.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.957-966
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• 1998

In this paper an imrpoved Signal-to-Interference ratio(SIR)-based call admission control(CAC) algorithm for DS-CDMA cellular system is proposed and its performance is analyzed. This algorithm uses Residual-Capacity defined asthe additional number of initial calls that a base station can accept such that system-wide outage probability will guaranteed to remain below a certain level. the residual capcity at each cell is calculated according to the reverse-link SIR measured not only at the home cell but also the adjacent cells. Then the adjacent cell interference-coupling coefficient .betha. is used. In this work we propose an improved algorithm that .betha. varies according to the traffic load of the home cell. The influence of traffic condition on system performance, namely blocking probability and outage probability, is then examined via simulation. The performance of the improved algorithm is evaluated both under homogeneous and hot spot traffic loads. The results show that the improved algorithm outperforms conventional algorithms under all load values. Under over-load situation, especially, the improved algorithm gives almost constant outage performance the QoS(quality of service) can be guranted.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.644-661
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• 1999

인터넷에서 통합서비스를 제공하기 위해서는 종단간 다양한 QoS를 지원해야 하는데 이를 위해서는 인터넷뿐 아니라 종단 사용자와 인터넷을 연결하는 랜에서의 QoS 지원이 필요하다. 이에, IETF는 특정 링크 계층으로 구성되는 서브넷에서 QoS 지원을 위한 기본 골격을 제안하였다. 그런데 , 매체 접근방식에 따라 서브넷이 제공할 수 있는 서비스의 정도가 크게 달라지기 때문에 실제로 IS802 모델을 특정서브넷에 구현하기 위해서는 이에 대한 고려가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 통합서비스를 지원하기 위한 기반이 되는 서브넷 차원에서의 우선순위 지원을 목표로 IS802 모델을 전통적인 이더넷과 토큰링에 적용하여 보았다. 먼저, IS802 모델의 대역폭관리자를 적용한 이더넷 IS모델과 토큰링_IS 모델의 구현을 제안하고 특별히, 이더넷의 경우 매체 접근 방식의 특성상 IS802 모델의 적용만으로는 서브넷차원에서의 우선순위에 따른 전송을 지원할 수 없기 때문에 이를 보완하기 위한 페이즈 모델을 추가로 제안하였다. 시뮬레이션을 통해 기존의 전통적인 이더넷과 토큰링 및 새롭게 표준화된 IS802 모델을 적용한 이더넷 _IS와 토큰링 _IS, 그리고 페이즈 모델간의 성능을 비교하였다. 시뮬레이션결과 토큰링의 경우 단순한 입장 제어에 의해서도 QoS 지원 정도가 크게 향상될수 있음을 볼 수 있었다. 또한 , 페이즈 모델의 경우 이더넷의 매체 접근 방식을 상당히 보완함으로써 QoS 지원 정도가 크게 향상될 수 있음을 볼 수 있었다. 또한, 페이즈 모델의 경우 이더넷의 매체 접근 방식을 상당히 보완함으로써 QoS 지원을 요구하는 플로우에대해서는 전통적인 이더넷이나 이더넷_IS 비해 훨씬 안정적인 서브넷 차원의 우선순위지원 서비스를 제공할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.제공하는 멀티미디어 동기화 편집기와 변환기 및 상영기를 ScriptX를 이용하여 Windows95 상에 구현하였다.기 위한 간단한 例를 들어 봄으로써 이 글을 쓰는 동기으 일면을 대신하고자 한다.置함으로 이것을 Multi-Drop(points) system으로 swiching System을 利用 Mini-Network을 構成할 수도 있다.크 구성 관리 서버 시스템 개발에 대한 비용을 줄일 수 있다. 기대된다.e 함량이 대체로 높게 나타났다. 점미가 수가용성분에서 goucose대비 용출함량이 고르게 나타나는 경향을 보였고 흑미는 알칼리가용분에서 glucose가 상당량(0.68%) 포함되고 있음을 보여주었고 arabinose(0.68%), xylose(0.05%)도 다른 종류에 비해서 다량 함유한 것으로 나타났다. 흑미는 총식이섬유 함량이 높고 pectic substances, hemicellulose, uronic acid 함량이 높아서 콜레스테롤 저하 등의 효과가 기대되며 고섬유식품으로서 조리 특성 연구가 필요한 것으로 사료된다.리하였다. 얻어진 소견(所見)은 다음과 같았다. 1. 모년령(母年齡), 임신회수(姙娠回數), 임신기간(姙娠其間), 출산시체중등(出産時體重等)의 제요인(諸要因)은 주산기사망(周産基死亡)에 대(對)하여 통계적(統計的)으로 유의(有意)한 영향을 미치고 있어 $25{\sim}29$세(歲)의 연령군에서, 2번째 임신과 2번째의 출산에서 그리고 만삭의 임신 기간에, 출산시체중(出産時體重) $3.50{\sim}3.99kg$사이의 아이에서 그 주산기사망률(周産基死亡率)이 각각 가장 낮았다. 2. 사산(死産)과 초생아사망(初生兒死亡)을 구분(區分)하여 고려해 볼때 사산(死産)은 모성(母性)의 임신력(姙娠歷)

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.813-826
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• 1999

실시간 멀티미디어 응용의 등장으로 멀티캐스트와 QoS(Quality of Service) 지원이 필수적인 망 서비스로 부각되고 있다. 이에, ATM 기반의 인터넷에서 IP 멀티캐스트의 효율적인 처리를 위하여 MARS(Multicast Address Resolution Server)가 제안되었고, 기존의 최선 서비스 기반의 인터넷에서 QoS(Quality of Service)를 지원하기 위하여 RSVP(Resource Reservation Protocol)가 제안되었다. 본 논문에서는 ATM 망에서 QoS가 지원되는 IP 멀티캐스트 서비스를 제공하기 위하여 MARS 구조에서 RSVP를 지원하는 두 가지 방안을 제안하고, 시뮬레이션을 통하여 그 성능을 분석하였다. 제안하는 두 가지 방법은 각각 'RSVP 전 홉 노드 방식'과 'MARS 서버 방식'이라 명명하였다. RSVP 전 홉 노드 방식은 송신원으로부터 ATM 망으로 진입하는 노드와 수신원을 향하여 ATM 망을 진출하는 노드 간에 각각 일대일 양방향 VC를 설정하여 멀티캐스트 그룹에 속하는 수신원들이 보내는 자원 예약 메시지를 ATM 망에서 전송하는 방안이다. MARS 서버 방식은 ATM 망을 진출하는 노드와 MARS 서버간에 MARS 제어 메시지 교환을 위해 존재하는 ATM VC를 사용하여 RSVP의 자원 예약 메시지를 전송하고, MARS 서버가 RSVP 자원 예약 메시지를 처리하도록 그 기능을 확장함으로써 ATM 망에서 필요로 하는 제어 VC 수를 절약할 수 있는 방안이다. 시뮬레이션을 통하여, MARS 서버 방식은 ATM 제어 VC의 수를 절약할 수 있을 뿐 아니라 경우에 따라 RSVP 자원 예약 메시지 전달 지연을 줄일 수도 있음을 볼 수 있었다. 그러나, MARS 클러스터 내에 동시에 존재하는 RSVP 흐름이 많을 때에는 MARS 서버 방식의 경우 MARS 서버에서의 병목 현상으로 인해 성능이 저하될 수 있다.Abstract Emerging real time multimedia applications require multicast service with a QoS(Quality of Service) support. An overlay service architecture MARS(Multicast Address Resolution Server) is proposed to support IP multicast over an ATM network, and a resource reservation protocol RSVP is proposed to provide QoS support in the Internet which is originally based upon best effort service only. In this paper, we propose two schemes to support IP multicast service with QoS support over ATM networks: 'RSVP Previous Hop Node(RPHN) scheme' and 'MARS server based scheme'. In RPHN scheme, the RSVP reservation messages are transported via one-to-one ATM control VC from the egress nodes to the ingress nodes of the the multicast flow set up between each pair of nodes. The RSVP message processing occurs at the ingress nodes of the multicast flow. Whereas, in the MARS server based scheme, the RSVP reservation messages are transported via the MARS control VCs between the egress nodes and the MARS server. The RSVP message processing burden is imposed at MARS server in this scheme. For MARS server based scheme, no additional ATM VC is required for RSVP reservation message transmission, while the processing burden at the MARS server is high. Simulation results show that the MARS server based scheme, may accomplish RSVP reservation message delivery with smaller delay as well as saving of the number of ATM VCs. When the number of simultaneous RSVP flows in the MARS cluster is large, however, MARS based scheme may suffer performance degradation since MARS server becomes a performance bottleneck.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.35-45
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• 2009

Emergency medical center(EMC) is the place for patients who need medical treatment immediately due to a disease, childbirth, or all sorts of accidents. Currently, most of EMCs use temporary beds because regular EMC beds cannot afford to serve all incoming patients. However, since it decreases the quality of service(QoS) of EMC patients and their guardians and efficiency of the EMC, some improvements are highly required to diminish the usage of temporary beds. The system duration time is one of the typical QoSs. This thesis proposes the information which is critical to make a better decision for cut down the number of temporary beds without sacrificing QoS of patients. The key point is to control the duration time of medical treatments for the consultation and hospitalization process, since it is the major reason of overcrowding in EMC and the usage of temporary beds. In this paper, we proposed an Arena simulation model reflecting real world substantially. Arena is one of the most widely accepted simulation softwares in the world. Using the developed model, we can obtain the optimal EMC operation parameters through simulation experiments. Optquest, included in the Arena, is used to make the developed simulation model collaborate with an optimization model. The results showed one can determine the set of optimal operation parameters decreasing the required number of temporary beds without deteriorating EMC patient's QoS.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.7A
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• pp.814-827
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• 2004

The compressed mode is used to perform inter-frequency and inter-system handover in WCDMA. The instantaneous transmit power is increased in the compressed frame in order to keep the QoS(Quality of Service) unaffected by the reduced processing gain. Furthermore, since the inner loop power control is not active during the transmission gap and the effect of interleaving is decreased, a higher Eb/No target is required, which directly affects the system performance. Due to the impact on performance, the compressed mode should be activated by the RNC(Radio Network Controller) only when there is real need to execute an inter-frequency or inter-system handover. However, 3GPP does not define the method that decides the compressed mode activation. In order to reduce performance degradation, there is need the decision method. In this paper, we consider a combined cell structure in which some neighbor cells have a frequency the same as serving cell and the others have a different frequency or system. Under consideration, we analyze the effect of the compressed mode on the WCDMA forward link performance. In order to avoid performance degradation, we propose an UE(User Equipment) measurement method that can restrict the activation area of the compressed mode of UE that does not need it and evaluate its performance by simulations. Analytical results show that the use of the compressed mode affects the performance degradation. And simulation results show that proposed method leads to better performance.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.27 no.7C
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• pp.677-684
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• 2002

Today's Internet does not have efficient traffic engineering mechanism to support QoS for the explosive increasing internet traffic such as various multimedia traffic. This functional shortage degrades prominently the quality of service, and makes it difficult to provide multi-media service and real-time service. Various technologies are under developed to solve these problems. IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) developed the MPLS (Multi-Protocol Label Switching) technology that provides a good capabilities of traffic engineering and is independent layer 2 protocol, so MPLS is expected to be used in the Internet backbone network$\^$[1][2]/. The faults occurring in high-speed network such as MPLS, may cause massive data loss and degrade quality of service. So fast network restoration function is essential requirement. Because MPLS is independent to layer 2 protocol, the fault detection and reporting mechanism for restoration should also be independent to layer 2 protocol. In this paper, we present the experimental results of the MPLS OAM function for the performance monitoring and fault detection 'll'&'ll' notification, localization in MPLS network, based on the OPNET network simulator