• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.420-426
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• 1998

An extracellular glutamyl aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.7) producing bacterium was isolated from soil and identified as Bacillus licheniformis based on its morphological and physiological characteristics. The aminopeptidase was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation, Phenyl Sepharose, Resource Q, and Superose 12 column chromatographies. The specific activity of the purified aminopeptidase was 9.2 unit/mg for glutamyl p-nitroanilide with 17.6 purification folds. The purified aminopeptidase had an estimated molecular mass of 64 kDa consists of two different subunits (42 kDa and 22 kDa), and its isoeletric point was 5.2 measured by isoelectric focusing. The optimum pH and temperature of the aminopeptidase were 8.0 and 55$^{\circ}C$, respectively. The aminopeptidase was inhibited by EDTA and 1,10-phenanthroline, suggesting it be a metalloenzyme. Comparing with other aminopeptidase, the enzyme showed relatively high activity against peptide having glutamic acid as N-terminal.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.415-420
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• 2007

The objective of this study analyzes the influence of shimmy & shake phenomena due to tire design parameters which are RFV(radial force variation), DB(dynamic balance), RRO(radial run out) and air pressure. These parameters are inspection items for Q.C. after tires are manufactured. In order to analyze these parameters on this study, vehicle driving tests were achieved. The test modes are two type which are constant speed and coast-down driving. On this tests the dynamic characteristics of shimmy & shake are measured by the 3-axises accelerometers at the various positions that are knuckle(left & right), rack pinion, seat and steering wheel. In according to analyzed results, the longitudinal vibration of knuckle parts affects the lateral vibration of rack pinion and this vibration affects the lateral vibration of steering wheel that is the shimmy phenomena. Also the over and under DB by comparison with normal DB and the increment of RRO affect the occurrence of shimmy & shake phenomena.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.106 no.1
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• pp.40-53
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of container types on physiological characteristics of Zelkova serrata, Fraxinus rhynchophylla and Quercus serrata in the container nursery stage. We used 16 container types [4 growing densities (100, 144, 196 and $256\;seedlings/m^2$)${\times}4$ cavity volumes (460, 380, 300 and $220cm^3/cavity$)] and performed two-way ANOVA to test the differences in photosynthesis, photochemical efficiency and chlorophyll content among container types. Also, multiple regression analysis was conducted to correlate container dimensions with photosynthetic rate. Container types had a strong influence on photosynthesis of three species seedlings. Growing densities and cavity volumes had a significant interaction effect on photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency, stomatal conductance and chlorophyll contents except stomatal conductance of Q. serrata. In all three species, however, interactions between the two factors of container type were not found with regard to photochemical efficiency. Growing density was negatively correlated with photosynthetic rate of F rhynchophylla and Q. serrata, while cavity volumes positively affected on those of three species seedlings. The range of optimal container types was determined by multiple regression analysis based on photosynthetic rate. Consequently, optimal growing density and cavity volume of container by each tree species were found to be approximately $160{\sim}210\;seedlings/m^2$ and $430{\sim}460cm^3/cavity$ for Z. serrata, $130{\sim}150\;seedlings/m^2$ and $390{\sim}440cm^3/cavity$ for F. rhynchophylla and $130{\sim}170\;seedlings/m2$ and $420{\sim}460cm^3/cavity$ for Q. serrata, respectively. Application of adequate container will induce higher quality seedling production in nursery stage, which will also increase seedling growth in plantation stage.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1992.07b
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• pp.928-930
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• 1992

The design beam energy of PLS(Pohang Accelerator Laboratory) Linac is 2Gev. The linac employs total 11 units of modulators and klystrons. The maximum peak output powers of the modulators are 200MW (400kV, 500A, 4.4$\mu$S flat-top, 800$\Omega$ load) to drive the klystrons which have the peak microwave power of 80MW. Prior to the development of the 200MW modulators, a prototype 150MW modulator has been constructed and tested. We have achieved output pulses of 350kV, 420A and 3.5$\mu$S flat-top with 840$\Omega$ water load. In this article, the test results and computer simulations of charging, De-Q'ing, and discharging are presented.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.73-79
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• 2019

A novel esterase gene (est7S) was cloned from an enriched metagenomic library derived from an oil-spill area. The gene encoded a protein of 505 amino acids, and the molecular mass of the Est7S was estimated to be 54,512 Da with no signal peptide. Est7S showed the highest identity of 40% to an esterase from a sludge metagenome compared to the characterized enzymes with their properties, although it showed 99% identity to a carboxylesterase in the genome sequence of Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2. Est7S had catalytic triad residues, Ser183, Glu312, and His420, and the GESAG motif in most family VII lipolytic enzymes. Est7S was purified from the crude extract of clone SM7 using Sephacryl S-200 HR and HiTrap Q column chromatographies. The purified Est7S was optimally active at $50^{\circ}C$ and pH 10.0. Est7S showed a high specific activity of 366.7 U/mg protein. It preferred short length esters, particularly p-nitrophenyl acetate, efficiently hydrolyzed R- and S-enantiomers of methyl-3-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate, and glyceryl tributyrate. These properties of Est7S may provide potential merits in biotechnological applications such as detergent and paper processing under alkaline conditions.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.925-933
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• 2020

This study is aimed to compare stock assessment models which are effective in assessing red snow crab Chinonoecetes japonicus resources and to select and apply an effective stock assessment model in the future. In order to select an effective stock assessment model, a process-error model, observation-error model, and a Bayesian state-space model were estimated. Analytical results show that the least error is observed between the estimated CPUE (catch per unit effort) and the observed CPUE when using the Bayesian state-space model. For the Bayesian state-space model, the 95% credible interval(CI) ranges for the maximum sustainable yield (MSY), carrying capacity (K), catchability coefficient (q), and intrinsic growth (r) are estimated to be 10,420-47,200 tons, 185,200-444,800 tons, 3.81E-06-9.02E-06, and 0.14-0.66, respectively. The results show that the Bayesian state-space model was most reliable among models.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.110 no.2
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• pp.198-209
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• 2021

This study evaluated the effects of the dimensional characteristics of containers on the nitrogen status of Quercus serrata, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, and Zelkova serrata in the container nursery stage. Seedlings were grown using 16 container types [four growing densities (100, 144, 196, and 256 seedlings/m²) × four cavity volumes (220, 300, 380, and 460 cm³/cavity)]. Two-way ANOVA was performed to test the differences in nitrogen concentration and seedling content among container types. Additionally, we performed multiple regression analyses to correlate container dimensions and nitrogen content. Container types had a strong influence on nitrogen concentration and the content of the seedling species, with a significant interaction effect between growing density and cavity volume. Cavity volumes were positively correlated with the nitrogen content of the three seedling species, whereas growing density negatively affected those of F. rhynchophylla. Further, nutrient vector analysis revealed that the seedling nutrient loading capacities of the three species, such as efficiency and accumulation, were altered because of the different fertilization effects by container types. The optimal ranges of container dimension by each tree species, obtained multiple regression analysis with nitrogen content, were found to be approximately 180-210 seedlings/m² and 410-460 cm³/cavity for Q. serrata, 100-120 seedlings/m² and 350-420 cm³/cavity for F. rhynchophylla, and 190-220 seedlings/m² and 380-430 cm³/cavity for Z. serrata. This study suggests that an adequate type of container will improve seedling quality with higher nutrient loading capacity production in nursery stages and increase seedling growth in plantation stages.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.413-420
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• 2005

We previously demonstrated the ability of ginseng saponins (active ingredients of Panax ginseng) to enhance $Ca^{2+}$-activated $Cl^{-}$ current. The mechanism for this ginseng saponin-induced enhancement was proposed to be the release of $Ca^{2+}$ from $IP_{3}-sensitive$ intracellular stores through the activation of PTX-insensitive $G\alpha_{q/11}$ proteins and PLC pathway. Recent studies have shown that calmodulin (CaM) regulates $IP_{3}$ receptor-mediated $Ca^{2+}$ release in both $Ca^{2+}-dependent$ and -independent manner. In the present study, we have investigated the effects of CaM on ginseng saponin-induced $Ca^{2+}$-activated $Cl^{-}$ current responses in Xenopus oocytes. Intraoocyte injection of CaM inhibited ginseng saponin-induced $Ca^{2+}$-activated $Cl^{-}$ current enhancement, whereas co-injection of calmidazolium, a CaM antagonist, with CaM blocked CaM action. The inhibitory effect of CaM on ginseng saponin-induced $Ca^{2+}$-activated $Cl^{-}$ current enhancement was dose- and time-dependent, with an $IC_{50} of 14.9\pm3.5 {\mu}M$. The inhibitory effect of CaM on saponin's activity was maximal after 6 h of intraoocyte injection of CaM, and after 48 h the activity of saponin recovered to control level. The half-recovery time was calculated to be $16.7\pm4.3 h$. Intraoocyte injection of CaM inhibited $Ca^{2+}$-induced $Ca^{2+}$-activated $Cl^{-}$ current enhancement and also attenuated $IP_{3}$-induced $Ca^{2+}$-activated $Cl^{-}$ current enhancement. $Ca^{2+}$/CaM kinase II inhibitor did not inhibit CaM-caused attenuation of ginseng saponin-induced $Ca^{2+}$-activated $Cl^{-}$ current enhancement. These results suggest that CaM regulates ginseng saponin effect on $Ca^{2+}$-activated $Cl^{-}$ current enhancement via $Ca^{2+}$-independent manner.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.412-420
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• 2023

In this study, red mud/fly ash based geopolymer adsorbents (RFGPA) were prepared with calcination temperatures of 200, 400, and 600 ℃, and the effects of these calcination temperatures on the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) were investigated. In addition, the prepared RFGPA was characterized using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and Brunauer-EmmettTeller (BET) analysis. The results of the adsorption kinetics of MB at RFGPA prepared calcination temperatures indicated that the adsorption equilibrium of MB was reached after about 72 h. From the results of the adsorption isotherm, we verified that the degree of adsorption increased with increasing MB concentrations. In addition, the adsorption amount (Q) of MB decreased with an increase in calcination temperature. The experimental adsorption isotherm data were well fitted to the Freundlich and Sips equations compared to the Langmuir equation. In order to verify the effects of photocatalytic decomposition (C/C₀) of MB on Fe₂O₃ present in prepared RFGPA, the degree of decomposition of MB was examined under dark and visible conditions. Results indicated that the decomposition of MB in visible conditions was about 3.0 times faster than that in dark conditions.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.135-141
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• 2024

Objective: Recently, oral antioxidants in combined forms have been used to treat men with idiopathic infertility. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of treatment with vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, zinc, arginine, L-carnitine, and coenzyme Q10 on sperm quality parameters, DNA integrity, reproductive hormones, and pregnancy rates in men with infertility and idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT). Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 420 men with infertility and idiopathic OAT who took an oral supplement of antioxidant SP-Power tablets twice daily for 6 months. Semen quality, reproductive hormones, and the DNA fragmentation index (DFI) were evaluated at baseline and at 3 and 6 months after supplementation, using the World Health Organization 2021 guidelines. Results: No significant difference was observed in volume or the percentage of typical morphology during treatment. A significant improvement in sperm concentration was observed after supplementation (8.67±1.41, 12.17±1.91, and 19.01±0.86 at baseline, 3, and 6 months respectively, p<0.01). The total motility, progressive motility, and total motile sperm count also increased significantly (p<0.01), whereas the DFI decreased after 6 months. There was an increase in normal FSH levels and testosterone levels after 6 months of supplementation of antioxidant SP-Power but these differences were not statistically significant (p=not significant and p=0.06, respectively). Conclusion: Supplementation with SP-Power tablets improved sperm quality parameters, sperm DFI, some reproductive hormones, and pregnancy rates in men with infertility and idiopathic OAT, which could be attributed to the supplement's synergistic antioxidant action. Further studies are needed to determine the effects of supplementation on oxidative stress markers.