• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.1294-1305
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to identify the attitude of nursing students' toward death using Q-methodology and to obtain baseline data to improve nursing students' education program on death. Twenty-nine participants at a college classified 40 Q-statements on a one to nine scale. The resultant Q-sort was a matrix representing the participant's operant subjectivity on the issue under consideration. The results of above procedures were analyzed by PQ Method. The results revealed that there are three types of perception about nursing students' attitudes toward the death. The categories were labeled positive-perspective, pain-avoid and preparation-deficiency. Positive-perspective individuals have a positive sense of their life and death. Thus, they would not fear death, believing in an after-life world, while being positive towards donation of intestines after death. Pain-avoid individuals hope life and death without pain. Preparation-deficiency individuals are unprepared to die. In conclusion, this study discovers three types of the perception about nursing students' attitudes toward the perception of death. By identifying the nature of each of these types, this study can be useful to develop efficient strategies for education program on death.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.92-101
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• 2019

This study used the Q-method to derive the structure of subjective opinions and perceptions of university students about the behavior of food delivery agency service provided by staff not directly employed in restaurants. For this purpose, the Q factor analysis was performed using the PC QUANL program for the Q-sort, which consists of a statement card, a P-sample, and a classification process. The results were classified into three types. The factor names were set as the first type (N = 7): efficiency seeking type, the second type (N = 19): benefit seeking type, and the third type [(N = 6): cost-effectiveness seeking type. The characteristics of each type are Type 1:Types that recognize aspects that are efficient for both consumers and restaurants, Type 2: Types of recognizing aspects of being benefited from speed, convenience and benefit, Type 3: Although it contributes to labor cost savings, it appears to recognize price and quality aspects in the initial market, which is burdened by consumers. The purpose of this study is to derive the problems of food delivery agency service business according to the three types and to provide strategic implications for the development direction and improvement plan.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.576-584
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• 2020

The effect of conducted using Q research method, which is one of qualitative analysis methods that can approach in-depth and essential meaning of Spanish restaurant's perception of dining out consumers. The purpose of this study is to classify Spanish restaurant's perceptions of catering consumers by type, to find out the characteristics among them, and to suggest future improvement directions. An exploratory study was conducted using Q-methodology to analyze the subjective perceptions of restaurant customers in Spanish restaurants. To this end, the Q-sort, which consists of a statement card, a P-sample, and a classification process, was analyzed through Q factor analysis using the PC QUANL program. The results were classified into two types. Type 1 (N=10): Spanish restaurant preference, Type 2 (N=7): The name of the factor was set as the type of professionalism in Spanish restaurants. Each type was found to have different characteristics. Each subjective perception detected through this analysis can be used as basic data for various studies.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.404-412
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• 2021

This study was conducted by using the Q research method, one of the qualitative analysis methods, in order to approach consumers' perceptions of processed meat food in an essential and in-depth approach. To this end, Q-sort, which goes through the task of distributing responses by setting P samples by creating a question-and-answer table of positive and negative, was analyzed by using the PC QUANL program and analyzing the Q factor. As a result of the analysis, it was divided into three single types. Type 1 (N= 10) : Preferred types of processed meat food, Type 2 (N= 7) : Types of Pursuing Functionality of Processed Meat Food, Type 3 (N= 4) : The name of the factor was set as the non-preferred type of processed meat food. Each type has different characteristics, and the subjective perception of each factor detected through this analysis can be used as various basic research data in the future, and for the purpose of the study, the perceptions of consumers who use processed meat foods were classified and classified by type. It is to suggest future improvement directions by checking the characteristics of the variables.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.141-151
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify subjectivity on smoking cessation of Korean adult males, and to provide basic data, for non-smoking policies. Methods: Q-methodology, a method of analyzing subjectivity of each item, was used. Thirty-nine adult males, classified 36 selected Q-statements into normal distribution, using a 9-point scale. Collected data were analyzed, using the pc-QUNAL program. Results: Among the Korean adult males, three types of smoking cessation were identified. The name for Type I was 'pursuit of faith', for Type II, 'factor of relationship disturbance' and for Type III 'ambivalence'. Conclusion: Results of this study indicate that different approaches to intervention on smoking cessation are best served for Korean adult males, based on the three types of smoking cessation, and their characteristics.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.340-350
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• 2021

This study was conducted by utilizing the Q research method, which is one of the qualitative analysis methods that can approach the in-depth and essential meaning of consumers' restaurant O2O service operation behavior. The purpose of this study is to classify the behavior of restaurant O2O services by type, to find out the characteristics of variables, and to suggest future improvement directions. An exploratory study was conducted using the Q-methodology to analyze the subjective perception of the restaurant O2O service behavior. To this end, positive and negative statement cards were prepared, P samples were selected, and Q-sort, which was subjected to classification, was analyzed using the PC QUANL program and Q factor analysis. As a result of the analysis, it was classified into three single types. Type 1 【(N= 7: Restaurant O2O Service Convenience Syndrome Type】, Type 2 【(N= 7): Restaurant O2O Service Benefit Pursuit Type】, Type 3 【(N= 6): Restaurant O2O Service Convenience Type】 The name of the factor was set as [Type], and it was found that each type has different characteristics. Through this analysis, the marketing strategy according to each factor detected is presented, and the point of supplementing the restaurant's O2O service and the direction of future operation. services in future studies.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.306-315
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the structure and characteristics among college students' gender-role identity. Method: The study used a Q-method to measure college students' gender-role identity types. Korean Gender Role Identity Inventory(KGRII) formed the Q sample. The P sample consisted of a convenience sample of 44 college students. Q statements were written on separate cards and were given to the subjects to sort according to degree of agreement or disagreement. The Q-sorts by each subject were coded and analyzed with the Quanl PC program. Result: From data, three types were extracted. Three types showed a low correlation with each other, and accounted for 41 percent of the variance of the participants. The first type, a 'sex-role transcendence', expresses warm, humane, and kind. The second type, a 'masculinity intention type', has leadership, activity, power, and initiative. And the third type, a 'femininity intention type' pursues emotional, expressive, delicate and tactful. Conclusion: This paper classifies and subdivides three types of gender-role identity in college students. It helps understanding of gender-role identity, and further developing a sense of value and attitude related to gender identity in college students.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.519-528
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• 2003

Background. In Seoul, Korea, 70% of all adult males are reported to be smokers, and guidelines to smoking cessation generally include ways to help smokers avoid situations of smoking temptation. However the phenomenon of smoking temptation has been scarcely studied. Therefore, it is critical to acquire a better under-standing of smoking temptation for more effective nursing practice. Aim. This study intends to analyze the subjectivity of smoking temptation. Design. Q-methodology, which applies a scientific method to subjectivity, was utilized. Findings. Five distinct smoking temptation modalities, on Q-types, emerged from the Q-sort: 1) Urge to facilitate interpersonal relation; 2) Psychological desire for tranquility; 3) Habituation in social life; 4) Habituation in daily life; and, 5) Nicotine craving combined with daily routine. Conclusion. It is hoped that analysis of the five types of smoking temptation identified in this study will contribute to the body of knowledge and a better understanding of why smokers are addicted to smoking.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.277-284
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the Q - method, which is one of the qualitative analysis methods to approach deep and intrinsic meaning about the perception of college students about food in traditional market. Recently, local governments have been developing diverse tourism products aimed at young people in order to revitalize traditional markets. In this study, we classify the perception of food in traditional market by university students, And to suggest strategic implications by using it as basic data for establishing marketing strategy so that young people can visit in the futures. In order to analyze the perception of college students' subjective perception of traditional market food, Factor analysis was used to conduct an exploratory study. To do this, a Q-sort, Program, and Q factor analysis. The results were classified into three types. The first type (N = 21): Memories seeking type, the second type (N = 6): Local culture resource seeking type, the third type(N = 5). Each of these subjective perceptions can be used as a basis for future research. Through the establishment of marketing strategies for each of the three types of classifications, the direction of traditional markets is presented, and a variety of food items that are valuable as local tourism resources are accommodated by accepting university students' to contribute to the revitalization of traditional markets.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.380-388
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• 2020

This study is a subjective study on consumer's perception of drive-through as part of one method of service business to drive the drive-through service to understand how the user's perspective is more effective than the company's management position. In order to analyze the consumer's subjective viewpoint on the use of through companies, an exploratory study was conducted by selecting the Q-methodology. To this end, the analysis work was conducted in a way that the respondents classified the statement cards, and the Q population was selected and composed. Through this, the P-sample was selected and the Q-sort obtained through the classification process was used for the PC QUANL program. Was analyzed through Q factor analysis. customers divide into 3 types. Firstly, type 1 (N=14) is the people who pursue the convenience on value for time. Secondly, type 2 customers (N=4) prefer efficiency on value for time. finally, type 3 ones (N=2) put a great value on quickness. Each subjective opinion detected through this analysis will be the basis for various studies in the future, and may be used as a reference in the future direction of establishing drive-through marketing and improving the lacking parts.