• Journal of architectural history
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.53-66
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to estimate the location and space configuration of Sauidang(四宜堂), which is a house in the late Joseon period. Sauidang was built by Hong Man-hoe(洪萬恢), the last son of Princess Jeongmyeong(貞明公主), was used as a house for Pungsan Hong clan(豊山 洪氏) for approximately 150 years, and is now defunct. However, the existence was estimated through Sauidang-ji("四宜堂志") compiled by Gwan-am Hong Gyeong-mo(冠巖 洪敬謨) in 1824. Based on the mention that "Sauidang was located in Hundo-bang(薰陶坊) of Ihyeon-dong(梨峴洞)" and the literature referring to "the site of Myeongryegung Palace(明禮宮)", this study estimated the location of Sauidang. Maps and photographic data in the modern age enabled us to examine the utilization cases of medium- and large-sized lots by examining the correlation with the current Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the Republic of Korea. In addition, it was possible to estimate the spatial configuration of Sauidang with a focus on words to clarify the detailed explanation of Sauidang mentioned in the literature and spatial relationship.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.3-15
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• 2008

North Korea is one of the most vulnerable countries of the world for drought but still it is difficult to find scientific researches for understanding of the drought characteristics. This study analyzed the temporal and spatial distribution of meterological drought severity and classified the drought development types in North Korea. All eleven drought indices were tested such as seasonal rainfall, PDS, SPI and so on, and then drew the drought risk map by each indicator using frequency analysis and GIS(Geographic Information Systems) for twenty one meteorological stations. In addition meteorological drought characteristics in North Korea was classified to six patterns on Si/Gun administrative units using cluster analysis on the drought indicators. The cluster III has the strongly drought-resistant area due to sufficient rainfall and the cluster V was considered as the most drought-vulnerable area, Pungsan and Sinpo, because of the severest drought condition for eight drought indicators. The results of this study are expected to be provided for the basic understanding of regionalized drought severity and characteristics confronting the risk of drought from climate variations in North Korea.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.405-412
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• 2021

To prevent problems such as portrait rights, copyright, and cyber violence, an ethics education STEAM projects using deepfake apps using AI technology were developed and applied. The Deepfake apps were screened, and the contents of the elementary school curriculum were reconstructed. The STEAM project as creative experiential activities was mainly operated by the UCC activities, and applied the info-ethics awareness measurement test based on the planned behavior theory. The social STEAM project as money (financial) education was qualitatively analyzed. It was found that this STEAM classes using AI technology app significantly enhances the ethical awareness of information communication.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.588-597
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• 2012

This study was to examine Kwa-Jung-ryu, a traditional Korean confectionery, made by head families. We examined the materials and recipes of Kwa-Jung-ryu, which were classified into Yumilgwa, Yugwa, Jeonggwa, Dasikgwa, Yeot-Gangjeong, Dang (Yeot), and others. There were 13 head families that introduced Kwa-Jung-ryu, two each from Gyeonggi-do, Jeolla-do, and Chuncheong-do, and seven from Gyeongsang-do. There are 33 types of Kwa-Jung-ryu, which averages to about 2.5 types per family. But the Pungsan Ryu, Yeoju Lee, and Andong Kwon families introduced the most Kwa-Jung-ryu with 5 types each. The most popular types of Kwa-Jung-ryu were Yumilgwa, introduced by 7 families (Yakgwa by 6 and Maejakgwa by 1), then Jeonggwa by 6 families (Jeonggwa by 3, Pyeon-gang by 1, and Jeonggwa and Pyeon-gang by 2), and Dasikgwa and other Kwa-Jung-ryu by 5 families (Gotgam-mari by 4 and Seopsansam by 1). Classifying Kwa-Jung-ryu by recipe, the most frequently introduced were 8 types of Jeonggwa-ryu, 7 types of Yumilgwa, 5 types of Dasikgwa, 3 types of Yeot-Gangjeong and Dang (Yeot), and 2 types of Yugwa.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.102-106
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• 1986

The 719 isolates of Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae collected in Honam district during 1980-1984 were classified with new differential cultivars: 466($64-.8\%$) were pathotype K1, 116$(16.1\%)$ pathotype K2, 130$(18.1\%)$ pathotyps K3, and 7$(1.0\%)$ pathotype K4. No isolate for pathotype K5 was found. The isolates of pathotypes K1, K2 and K3 were distributed in the geographic regions, Haenam, Gwangyang, Gangjin, Wando, Igsan, and Buan. The isolates of all pathotypes were obtained from Milyang 23, Nagdong, and Dongjin which were susceptible to all the pathotypestested, while most of the isolates belonging to pathotype K3 and K4 were obtained from pungsan, Baegyang, Samgwang and Milyang 30.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.51-67
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to bring light on the characteristics of the transition in the Ddeulzip. The subject of this study is clan village of Pungsan Kim's family in Andong Cultural Area. Architectural transition of Ddeulzip is analyzed into three part. The first part is settlement of family. In this process, there is a background and many types of settlement. The second part is the extension of family. The extensional types are 'near-by branch' and 'far-away branch'. The last part is variation of housing. Spacial requests of residence are changed endlessly. Thus the spacial types of Ddeulzip are changed by the construction time of building. In many case, we couldn't decide the building period. The genealogy of Chosun Dynasty is the base of family history. In this study, the construction activity of Ddeulzip is based on the genealogy. The phylogenetic tree of Ddeulzip in clan village is constructed by the genealogy. The figures of the type of bunch of grapes is made by phylogenetic tree based on the genealogy. Omi Village in Andong was settled at first in the 15C. The cause of settlement is the aim of escape from political oppression. For long time, Omi Village is developed gradually. There area is divided in some small family boundary. There spacial types are contained the characteristics of many times. Orock Village in Bonghwa is settled for search of best environment in the last of 17C. At that time, a lot of families of same clan are gathered in that village. For short time, Orock Village is enlarged quickly. Thus there spacial type is similar each other. But boundary of entire space of outdoor is constructed clearly by pavilion area, housing area and sanctuary area.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.61-71
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• 1995

From Salix maximowiczii of the Korean Salix, morphological and palynological characters were investigated by stereoscopic, light, and scanning electron microscopes. Also, this study was eonducted to investigate the effect of meteorological factors on the disjunct distribution in Salix maximowiczii forests grown within the restricted region. 1. Morphological characters of S. maximowiczii clarified with the descriptions and figures. 2. The palynological description was made to the S. maximowiczii and identified distinctly species. 3. S. maximowiczii is distributed only in Baekdam and Hangyeryong valley of Mt. Sorak in Kangwon-do, and valley of height region in Kyeongseong-gun (Hamgyongbuk-do), Sinhueng-gun, and Pungsan-gun (Hamgyongnam-do) in North Korea. 4. Water factors was better than temperature factors in the influence of meteorological factors for disjunct distribution. 5. These ecological and taxonomical informations could be used in practical application for silvicultural prescription, such as erosion control forest, timber production, and development of green area in river bank.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.36-52
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• 2008

Writer Hong Myung-hee, author of the novel Im Kkeok Jeong, provided an excellent description of the costume customs of the Chosun era, based on an understanding of various historical texts and literature by practical science proponents, and experience gained from the Hong household of Pungsan, a noble family of high standing during the Chosun dynasty. However, there is a tendency towards descriptions of late Chosun era customs, rather than 16th century customs, with the intent of heightening the image of what most people felt to represent Chosun and its prestige, thereby generating greater reader sympathy. Therefore, information on the costume customs of the novel 1m Kkeok Jeong is analyzed and re-formed to fit with the temporal setting of the 16th century. By providing data to aid visual understanding and re-creation, the intent is to accept it as material for the rumination of our ancestors and their lifestyles in the 16th century. The novel provides a good description of Chosun economic customs, in which cotton and hemp were used not only as fabric for clothes, but also as currency. The trade value of cotton drapery or hemp drapery with dimensions of 5 strand density at a length of 35 ja per roll was designated as 5 mal (about 90 liters) of rice by national law, but the actual value varied depending on the production of rice. Also, it is possible to confirm the existence of sang po with dimensions of 3 strand density at a length of 30 ja per roll, or 2 strand density seochongdae cotton, which was used only as currency due to the rough quality. Characteristics of the Chosun dynasty, a class-based society, are described through distinctions of attire. The writer's intent regarding the symbolic nature of attire reflecting social position, a characteristic of the entire Chosun period, is analyzed with the presentation of visual material.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.623-631
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• 2007

In this paper, dynamic elastic module of banded gneiss were calculated on the basis of SPS velocity logging data obtained from a geotechnical test-hole in Pungsan-dong, Hanam, Gyeonggi Province, Korea. This study mainly focuses on the velocity analysis, Q factor calculation relative to attenuation factor, and generation of crack information and its relation with seismic velocity. As a result, P-wave and S-wave velocity of fresh hard rock was 5,559m/s and 3,063m/s, respectively, with Poisson's ratio being 0.28. With these results, dynamic modules were prepared, and crack information analyzed by acoustic televiewer was incorporated to identify the correlation among and between delay of first arrival by crack amplitude ratio, and velocity. The results of this study revealed that the analyzed logging hole mainly consisted of micro crack and a number of cracks and the size of crack aperture, functioned as a variable to seismic velocity in the micro crack area of this type of hard rock.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.164-171
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• 2021

In August 2020, 377 anthracnose strains were isolated from anthracnose-infected peppers collected from 25 farms in Sunchang-gun, Jeollabuk-do. Inhibition rate of mycelial growth of 11 pepper anthracnose fungicides registered in Korea was investigated for 62 strains selected by region and the degree of susceptibility to each fungicide was investigated. As a result of the fungicide susceptibility test of anthracnose to the fungicide, no resistant strains were observed in fluazinam, prochloraz manganese, and benomyl, but resistant strains appeared in at least three areas for other fungicides, and all strains in all regions were resistant to dithianon. Through this, it was confirmed that the fungicide resistance was expressed in the strain group due to the continuous treatment of the fungicide in some areas. By region, resistant strains to seven pesticides appeared in Sunchang-eup and Paldeok-myeon, and resistant strains to six pesticides appeared in Geumgwa-myeon, Bokheung-myeon, Ssangchi-myeon, Yudeung-myeon, and Pungsan-myeon. There was no significant correlation between fungicide registration time and emergence of resistant strains.