• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.14-22
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• 2018

Background Liposuction has become one of the most frequently performed procedures in the field of aesthetic surgery. Fat embolism syndrome after liposuction can easily be overlooked or underestimated; however, occasionally, fulminating fat embolism syndrome can develop and lead to a critical situation within 2-3 days after lipoplasty. Changes over time in the amount of circulating fat particles and the histology of major organs have not yet been studied. Methods This study was conducted using 18 male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 12 weeks and weighing 500-628 g (average, 562 g). Fifteen rats were used as the experimental group and 3 as the control group. Under general anesthesia, tumescent-technique liposuction was performed at the lateral flank areas and abdomen for 1 hour. Blood, lung, and brain tissue specimens were obtained at 1 hour, 1 day, and 2 days after the liposuction procedure. Results The average number of fat particles in the blood samples was 25,960/dL at 1 hour, 111,100/dL at 24 hours, and 21,780/dL at 48 hours. The differences between study groups were statistically significant. Both intravascular and extravascular fat particles with inflammation were seen in all 15 rats, as were inflammatory cell infiltration, hemorrhage, and consolidation with shrinkage of the lung alveoli. Conclusions These results imply that there is a strong possibility of fat embolism syndrome after liposuction in real clinical practice, and the first 24-48 hours after the operation were found to be the most important period for preventing pulmonary embolism and progression to fulminating fat embolism syndrome.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.291-296
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• 1985

유행성 출혈형 폐염양 환자로부터 분리한 병원체에 대한 환자 항 혈청의 조사와 동물의 감염성 및 이 질환에 의해 사망된 환자의 조직내 균체검사의 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 분리균에 대한환자의 항 혈청검사에서 42명 중 39명이 항체역가 1 : 40이상의 양성반응으로 나타났다. 2) 균접종에 대한 동물의 감수성 검사에서 guinea-pig은 LD가 $1-2{\times}10^9$ 균수인데 반하여 mouse에서는 LD가$1-2{\times}10^9$ 균수 이상으로 감수성이 낮고, 다람쥐는 거의 저항성으로 나타났다. 감염동물에서는 굵은 5 -10일경 간장, 폐장, 신장, 혈액 및 뇨에서 모두 검출되었다. 감염된 장기의 병리적 소견에서 폐장에는 폐포내 심한 출혈과 단핵백혈구의 침윤 및 기관지 폐염을 나타내고, 간장에는 Kupffer cell외 과다증식, 동양구조내 울혈 및 저산소증 변화, 국소적 허혈성 괴사를 볼 수 있고, 신장의 경우 단 수질내 출혈과 뇨에서는 많은 균과 적혈구를 관찰할 수 있었다. 3)균에 대한 특이 가토 항 혈청은 환자의 항혈청에서와 같이 간접 면역 형광법에 의해 유행성 출혈열 폐염양 질환으로 사망한 환자의 조직내 감염군과 강하게 반응하였다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.298-305
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• 2012

Lutein은 식물에서 발견되는 carotenoid 계열에 속하는 물질로 항산화 기능을 가지고 있는 것으로 널리 알려져 있지만, 호흡기 질환과 관련하여 아직까지 lutein의 효능과 작용 기작이 잘 알려져 있지 않다. Ovalbumin (OVA)으로 유도한 천식(asthma) 생쥐모델에서 lutein은 기도 과민성을 억제하였고, 기관지 폐포 세척액에서 OVA의 감작에 의하여 증가한 각종 염증성 지표들을 감소시켰다. 또한, OVA의 감작에 의하여 증가한 제2형 협조 T 세포(Th2 cell)의 증가된 반응을 약화시키는 결과를 볼 수 있었다. 본 실험에서 lutein이 ovalbumin (OVA)으로 유도한 천식 생쥐 모델에서 제 2형 협조 T세포의 싸이토카인과 유전자 발현을 조절할 수 있는 면역약리학적 기능을 할 수 있는 물질로서의 가능성이 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.50-52
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• 2013

Povidone-iodine (PVP-I, Betadine) has many advantages as a disinfectant solution for preoperative preparations, especially for oral surgery. It is widely used because of its low toxicity and excellent bactericidal effect. The authors report a case of pneumonia secondary due to the aspiration of PVP-I, which was used as an oral disinfectant. We present a case of aspiration pneumonia that resulted from the careless use of PVP-I during preoperative preparation. The patient was a 10-month-old female scheduled for elective surgery to correct a complete cleft of secondary palate. During the preparation of the oral cavity for that cleft palate patient, PVP-I was incidentally aspirated to the airway. The lung resistance was noted with positive pressure and pneumonic infiltration on chest radiograph was seen. The operation was postponed and the patient underwent respiratory care. Three months later, elective palatoplasty under general anesthesia was performed without complication. Based on the experiences of this case, the authors advise that throat-packing should be placed before oral preparation to prevent serious pulmonary complications.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.123-129
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• 2012

Objectives : Allergy has been described as an inflammatory with hypersensitivity resulting from seasonal or perennial responses to specific allergens. The root of Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC.(Platycodi Radix; Campanulaceae) has been traditionally used to treat chronic diseases such as bronchitis, asthma, pulmonary tuberculosis, inflammation and hyperlipidemia. In this study, we examined the effect of 70% ethanol extract of Platycodi Radix (PR-E) on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced airway inflammation in mice. Methods : Mice were sensitized and challenged by OVA inhalation to induced chronic airway inflammation, and then were intragastrically administered PR-E extract at doses of 50 and 200 mg/kg/day from days 21 to 30 consecutively. The levels of allergic mediators such as histamine, OVA-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) E, and cytokines such as IL-4 and IFN-${\gamma}$ were measured in the sera of mice by ELISA. The histological change of lung tissue was observed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Results : PR-E extract significantly decreased the serum levels of histamine, OVA-specific IgE, and Th2 cytokine, IL-4 compared with those in the OVA-induced group. PE-E extract significantly increased the serum level of Th1 cytokine, IFN-${\gamma}$. Based on lung histopathological studies, inflammatory cell infiltration and mucus hypersecretion were inhibited by PE-E extract administration compared to that in the OVA-induced group. Conclusions : These findings indicate that PE-E extract may be useful as an adjuvant therapy for the treatment of bronchial asthma.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.35.1-35.13
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• 2024

Importance: Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an animal model of multiple sclerosis characterized by inflammation within the central nervous system. However, inflammation in non-neuronal tissues, including the lungs, has not been fully evaluated. Objective: This study evaluated the inflammatory response in lungs of EAE mice by immunohistochemistry and histochemistry. Methods: Eight adult C57BL/6 mice were injected with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein_35-55 to induce the EAE. Lungs and spinal cords were sampled from the experimental mice at the time of sacrifice and used for the western blotting, histochemistry, and immunohistochemistry. Results: Histopathological examination revealed inflammatory lesions in the lungs of EAE mice, characterized by infiltration of myeloperoxidase (MPO)- and galectin-3-positive cells, as determined by immunohistochemistry. Increased numbers of collagen fibers in the lungs of EAE mice were confirmed by histopathological analysis. Western blotting revealed significantly elevated level of osteopontin (OPN), cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44), MPO and galectin-3 in the lungs of EAE mice compared with normal controls (p < 0.05). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed both OPN and CD44 in ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1-positive macrophages within the lungs of EAE mice. Conclusions and Relevance: Taken together, these findings suggest that the increased OPN level in lungs of EAE mice led to inflammation; concurrent increases in proinflammatory factors (OPN and galectin-3) caused pulmonary impairment.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제82권4호
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• pp.826-837
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• 2021

면역글로불린G4 연관 질환(immunoglobulin G4-related disease; 이하 IgG4-RD)는 IgG4를 생산하는 면역세포에 의한 만성 염증성질환으로, 주로 타액선, 누액선, 안와, 췌장, 담도, 간, 신장, 후복막, 대동맥, 폐, 림프절 등 다양한 장기를 침범하고, 조직학적으로 IgG4 양성 형질세포와 림프구의 침윤 및 나선형의 섬유화(storiform fibrosis), 폐색정맥염(obliterative phlebitis)을 특징으로 한다. IgG4-RD의 흉부 침범에서 가장 흔한 소견은 종격동 림프절 비대와 폐의 림프관주위 간질 비후이다. 폐의 기관지혈관주위 간질 비후와 우측 척추곁 밴드형 연부조직은 IgG4-RD의 특징적 소견이고, 그 외에도 폐결절 혹은 종괴, 간유리음영, 폐포 간질비후, 흉막삼출 및 비후, 흉벽이나 종격동 종괴, 대동맥과 관상동맥의 혈관염이 발생할 수 있다. 영상의학적으로는 악성 종양이나 감염 및 다양한 염증성질환과의 감별진단이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 흉부에서 발생하는 IgG4-RD의 영상 소견과 감별진단에 대해 기술하였다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.51.1-51.17
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• 2020

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes severe pulmonary disease in infants, young children, and the elderly. Formalin inactivated RSV (FI-RSV) vaccine trials failed due to vaccine enhanced respiratory disease, but the underlying immune mechanisms remain not fully understood. In this study, we have used wild type C57BL/6 and CD4 knockout (CD4KO) mouse models to better understand the roles of the CD4 T cells and cellular mechanisms responsible for enhanced respiratory disease after FI-RSV vaccination and RSV infection. Less eosinophil infiltration and lower pro-inflammatory cytokine production were observed in FI-RSV vaccinated CD4KO mice after RSV infection compared to FI-RSV vaccinated C57BL/6 mice. NK cells and cytokine-producing CD8 T cells were recruited at high levels in the airways of CD4KO mice, correlating with reduced respiratory disease. Depletion studies provided evidence that virus control was primarily mediated by NK cells whereas CD8 T cells contributed to IFN-γ production and less eosinophilic lung inflammation. This study demonstrated the differential roles of effector CD4 and CD8 T cells as well as NK cells, in networking with other inflammatory infiltrates in RSV disease in immune competent and CD4-deficient condition.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.97-104
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• 1972

For the purpose of ascertaining the status of physical growth and health status of the University Students, an intensive survey was conducted by the authors towards a total of 1,250 (Male 792, Female 458) who passed the written entrance examination at the Kyung Hee University in 1972. The items included the measurements on physical growth, various physical and nutritional indices, status of visual distourbance, dental status and tuberculosis. The findings and results cad be summarized as follows; 1. Physical Growth and Develspment. i) The average of body height by anthropometric was $169.39{\pm}5.05cm$ in male and $157.45{\pm}4.43cm$ in female. ii) The averages of body weight by sex were $59.42{\pm}6.47Kg\;and\;51.81{\pm}5.21Kg$, respectively. iii) The averages of chest-girth were $87.18{\pm}5.30cm\;and\;80.51{\pm}4.53cm$. iv) The averages of sitting-height were $92.21{\pm}2.79cm\;and\;86.28{\pm}2.57cm$. In all cases the male measurements were higher than female. 2. Various ludices about Physical Growth and Development; i) Relative body weights by sex were 35.08 and 32.91, relative chestgirth 51.47 and 51.13, and relative sitting-height 54.43, 54.79, respectively. ii) Rohrer index was 1.222 in males and 1.327 in females, Kaup index 2.071 and 2.089, Verveck index 86.54 and 84.04, and Pelidisi index 91.15 and 93.08, respectively 3. Status of visual distourbance The vision of the students under 0.8 with Landolt's testing chart was 45.4% in left eye and 46.6% in right eye(male: 44.4% and 45.7%, female: 47.2% and 48.0%), while under 0.6 in both visions was 41.0% and 40.5% (male: 40.8% and 40.7%, female: 41.5% and 40.2%), respectively. 4. Dental Status Out of total 19.4% (male 19.2%, female 19.6%) had gingivitis, the female incidence rate of gingivitis was higher than male. Average number of teeth in each subject was 29.6 teeth: male had 29.9 teeth and female had 29.1 teeth. The caries rate was 78.9%(male 75.6%, female 84.5%), the female caries rate was higher than male. Total filing per subject was 35.6% (male 34.0%, female 37.1%), female incidence was higher shan male. The average number of i) Caries per tooth rate was 8.5% in male and 9.2% in female, ii) Missing per tooth rate was 0.3% and 0.2%, iii) Filling per tooth rate was 3.9% and 4.2%. in all cases, the female incidences were higher than the male. The average number of D.M.F. was 3.8 teeth in male and 4.0 teeth in female, female was higher than male. The average rate of D.M.F. was 12.7% in male and 13.7% in female, female was higher than male. 5. Pulmonary infiltration Among the total, 53 students were diagnosed as pulmonary infiltration (tuberculosis), of whom 51 were minimal cases, one were moderately advanced case and one were far advanced case.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2004

배 경 : 폐 결핵은 낮은 사회 경제층과, 유아, 노인 등에서 호발하며 또 AIDS, 당뇨, 요독증 환자, 혈액성 악성종양 환자, 항암 치료자, 저 영양증 환자, 만성 알코올 중독자, 위 절제환자, 규폐증(silicosis), 그리고 스테로이드 투여자 등에서 호발하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 보통 폐결핵은 양쪽 폐상엽(폐첨부, 후엽)을 잘 침범하는데, 급성 결핵성 폐렴의 경우에 고열의 증상과 함께, 동질의 공기 기관지 조영상의 하엽 위주의 대엽성 경화 양상을 나타내지만 임상적, 방사선학적 특성에 대한 연구는 드물어 본 연구에서 대엽성 폐렴의 형태로 나타난 결핵성 폐렴 환자를 대상으로 그 특성을 고찰하고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1997년 11월부터 2001년 5월까지 고려대학교 구로병원에 폐렴 증상으로 내원한 환자 중 흉부 방사선상대엽성 폐 침윤을 보이나, 세균성 폐렴과 감별이 어려운 결핵성 폐렴 환자 58명을 대상으로 임상적 특성을 후향적 조사하였다. 환자들의 폐 대엽별 침윤 호발 부위를 관찰하고, 동반 기저질환에 따른 흉부 방사선상의 침윤 위치와의 상관성을 비교 분석하였다. 결 과 : 환자는 남자 29명, 여자 29명, 평균 연령은 $54.5{\pm}18.6$세 였고, 55명은 세균학적, 3명은 조직학적으로 진단되었다. 환자 중 20명(34.5%)은 당뇨(8명), 만성신부전(1명), 악성종양(3명), 부신피질호르몬제 복용(3명), 기관지 확장증(2명) 및 만성 폐쇄성 폐질환(3명) 환자였다. 흉부 사진상 2곳 이상의 대엽성 폐침윤은 32명(55.2%), 4곳 이상의 대엽성 폐침윤은 5명(9%)에서 관찰되었고, 하엽에 호발 하였다. 당뇨환자와 폐의 우하엽(RLL) 침윤과 상관성은 경계역의 유의한 차이가 인정되었으며(P=0.07<0.1), 비 전형적 위치의(RML, RLL, LLL) 폐 침윤은 여성에서 더 유의하게 많은 것으로 나타났다.(P=0.029). 결 론 : 당뇨, 만성 폐쇄성 폐질환, 악성 종양 및 부신 피질 호르몬제 복용, 기관지 확장증, 만성 신부전 등의 동반기저 질환이 있고, 하엽에 위치하면서 치료에 잘 반응하지 않는 대엽성 폐렴의 경우에 결핵성 폐렴의 가능성을 반드시 고려해야 할 것으로 사료된다.