• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.227-235
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• 2000

Background and Purpose : Medical and Neurological complications in patients with acute stroke may affect their prognosis including death rate, function and admission period. Some of these complications may be preventable. But few data exist regarding complications occurring in the first weeks. So we sought to observe the type, timing, and frequency of complications in hospitalized patients after stroke. Methods : We retrospectively examined the case notes of patients admitted in Won Kwang Oriental Medical Hospital after stroke. Two observers inspected the case notes using predifined diagnostic criteria and recorded the type, timing, and frequency of complications that occurred during the inpatient period. Results : Complications were recorded in 43 patients(82.7%). The most common medical complications were constipation(25.0%) and shoulder pain(21.2%). The most frequent serious medical problems were pulmonary infection(9.6%) and UTI(7.7%). The most common neurological complications were insomnia(34.6%) and dysphagia(23.7%). The most frequent serious medical problem was mental deterioration(7.7%). Conclusion : Complications after acute stroke are common. There were more medical complications than neurological complications. So we should compile much knowledge about medical complications and treat them actively. The differences between our study and previous studies are attributable to the different methods including patient selection and diagnostic criteria.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.67 no.1
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• pp.52-58
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• 2009

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM) is a rare pulmonary vascular anomaly due to an abnormal communication between the pulmonary artery and vein. The most common presenting symptom is a dyspnea on exertion related to this right-to-left shunt. If left untreated, PAVM has been known to result in serious complications. Incomplete pulmonary capillary network can be the cause of cerebral abscesses and other noninfectious neurological complications, such as stroke and transient ischemic attacks due to paradoxic embolism Transcatheter embolotherapy, using coils or balloons, has replaced surgical resection as the treatment of choice for PAVM. However, the risk of device embolization has limited the use of coil embolotherapy, while the size of PAVM is huge. Recently, Amplatzer$^{(R)}$ Vascular Plug has been proposed as an alternative endovascular occlusion device for arteriovenous malformation. We report a case of 81-year-old male patient with a giant PAVM, which was successfully treated by transcatheter embolotherapy using the Amplatzer$^{(R)}$ Vascular Plug.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.202-205
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• 2015

Purpose: Pulmonary cement embolization after vertebroplasty is a well-known complication. The reported incidence of pulmonary cement emboli after vertebroplasty ranges frome 2.1% to 26% with much of this variation resulting from which radiographic technique is used to detect embolization. Onset and severity of symptoms are variable. Case description: We present the case of a 83-year-old women who underwent fourth lumbar vertebroplasty and subsequently had dyspnea several days later. Posteroanterior chest radiography showed multiple linear densities. Computed tomography of thorax revealed also multiple bilateral, linear hyperdensities within the lobar pulmonary artery branches are detected in axial and coronal views. Literature Reviews: Operative management of vertebral compression fractures has included percutaneous vetebroplasty for the past 25 years. Symptoms of pulmonary cement embolism can occur during procedure, but more commonly begin days to weeks, even months, after vertebroplsty. Most cases of pulmonary cement emboli with cardiovascular and pulmonary complications are treated nonoperatively with anticoagulation. Endovascular removal of large cement emboli from the pulmonary arteries is not without risk and sometimes requires open surgery for complete removal of cement pieces. Conclusion: Pulmonary cement embolism is a potentially serious complication of vertebroplasty. If a patient has chest pain or respiratory difficulty after the procedure, chest radiography and possibly advanced chest imaging studies should be performed immediately.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.549-555
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• 1999

Background: Patients who are considered for major pulmonary resection are generally evaluated by spirometry and clinical assessment to predict morbidity and mortality. Despite this, none has yet proved to be a convenient and reliable estimate of risk. Material and Method: A retrospective analysis was performed in 167 patients who were diagnosed for lung cancer, bronchiectasis, pulmonary tuberculosis, and other benign pulmonary disease, and who underwent major lung resections. The relationship of 25 preoperative or postoperative variables to 19 postoperative events were classified into categories as operative mortality, pulmonary or cardiovascular morbidity, and other morbidity was assessed. Logistic regression analysis and $\chi$2 analysis were used to identify the relationship of the operative risk factors to the grouped postoperative complications. Result: The best single predictor of complications was the percent predicted postoperative diffusing capacity (pulmonary morbidity, p<0.009; cardiovascular morbidity, p<0.003: overall morbidity, p<0.004). Conclusion: The diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide was an important predictor of postoperative complications than the spirometry, and it usually should be a part of the evaluation of patients being considered for pulmonary resection.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.869-878
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• 1999

Intravesical instillation of the bacillus Calmentte-Gu$\acute{e}$rin(BCG), an attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis, is an approved method for the treatment of superficial bladder cancer. Because BCG is a living organism, the potential for infection exists. BCG is generally well tolerated, with complications in less than 5% of those treated with use of current practices. The most frequent symptoms of toxicity associated with intravesical BCG immunotherapy include bladder irritation, frequency, and dysuria. Systemic reactions are less common but more serious than local side effects, and include fever, chills, malaise, rash, hepatitis, pneumonitis, arthritis and sepsis. In rare cases, BCG treatment can result in a systemic infection that requires antituberculous therapy. The pulmonary toxicity that results from intravesical BCG treatment is generally characterized by one of two types : systemic allergic reaction with pulmonary reticulonodular opacities depicted on chest radiographs with cellular findings consisting of activated lymphocytes, and actual BCG mycobacteremia with a miliary pattern depicted on chest radiographs and granuloma formation which rarely results in positive acid-fast stain or culture results. Recently we experienced two types of pulmonary complications following intravesical BCG immunotherapy in patients with superficial bladder cancer. We report two cases with a review of literatures.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.338-356
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• 2022

Lung transplantation (LT) is now considered as an effective treatment option for end-stage lung diseases that improves the short and long-term survival rates and quality of life. As increasingly many LT procedures are being performed, the medical complications of LT are also increasing in frequency and emerging as a very important issue for transplant clinicians. Although chronic lung allograft dysfunction and infection are major causes of death after LT, many medical complications, several of which result from immunosuppressive treatment, contribute to increased mortality and morbidity. This article reviews the most frequent and important medical complications of LT, accompanied by a review of the literature and studies from South Korea, including lung allograft rejection, infection, and non-allograft organ systemic complications.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 1981

Twenty eight patients with conpnital heart disuse underwent lung biopsy to assets pulmonary obstructive vascular disease at cardiac surpry. Thirteen patients had patent ductus arteriosus, 10, ventricular septal defects and S, atrial septal defects. The aaes were between 2 and 30 years. In patients with patent ductus arteriosus lung biopsy was performed from the IIngular Hlment. The anterior seament of the right upper lobe was blopsled in cases with ventricular septal defect and atrial septal defect. Grading of pulmonary obstructive vascular disease could not be assessed In 9 cases. In 2 cases poor quality of the slides made us impossible to evaluate and In 7 cases there were no suitable small muscular arteries to evaluate in the slides of lung tissue especially taken from the IIngular seament. Nineteen cases were evaluated pulmonary obstructive vascular disease. Among them 17 cases had Heath-Edwards changes of grade 1 and 2 patients had that of grade 3. The thickness of media was measured. It was expressed as percentage of medial thickness to outer diameter of artery. The medial thickness was correlated proportionally with elevation of pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance to systemic vascular resistance ratio. There were no complications related to the procedure of lung biopsy.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.380-383
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• 1993

Aspergillosis is not only the problem increasing the freguency for recent decades but also a serious one. Coexistent pulmonary diseases are frequent and the most common antecedent disease is Tuberculosis with healed cavitary lesion. Interest of the surgeons is aroused because of it`s predilection to sudden life-threatening, exsanguinating pulmonary hemorrhage. 11 patients with pulmonary aspergillosis evaluated at this hospital in a 7-year period, and the results were as follows: 1.male to female ratio was 1:1.75. 2.The most common symptom was gross or microscopic hemoptysis[72.7%]and other symptoms were chest pain[9.1%] and chronic productive coughing[9.1%]. 3.The right upper lobe was most common involving site[81.8%] 4.Surgical interventions were 8 cases of lobectomy, 1 case of lobectomy with wedge resection, 2 cases of wedge resection. 5.Post-operative complications developed in 5 patients and were 4 cases of wound infections, 2 cases of empyemas, 1 case of bleeding, 1 case of atelectasis.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.26 no.10
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• pp.775-780
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• 1993

Pulmonary aspergilloma resulting from colonization of Aspergillus fumigatus is potentially life-threatening disease due to massive hemoptysis. Between August 1990 and November 1993, twelve patients were operated for the treatment of pulmonary aspergilloma. The mean age was 38.8 years. All patients had underlying cavitary lung disease, and the tuberculosis is the most common cause. Ten patients have experienced hemoptysis, but the clinical presentation of hemoptysis at the time of operation was mostly intermittent and scanty. Operative procedures were segmentectomy in 1 patient, lobectomy in 8, pneumonectomy in 2, and pleuropneumonectomy in 1. There were three complications, bronchopleural fistula in one patient and prolonged air leak in 2. There was no postoperative death. Conclusively, our results suggest that established aspergilloma associated with tuberculosis or other cavitary lesions should undergo early elective pulmonary resection, even though it has only minimal hemoptysis.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.54 no.8
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• pp.322-328
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• 2011

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is one of the most common glomerular diseases that affect children. Renal histology reveals the presence of minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) in more than 80% of these patients. Most patients with MCNS have favorable outcomes without complications. However, a few of these children have lesions of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, suffer from severe and prolonged proteinuria, and are at high risk for complications. Complications of NS are divided into two categories: disease-associated and drug-related complications. Disease-associated complications include infections (e.g., peritonitis, sepsis, cellulitis, and chicken pox), thromboembolism (e.g., venous thromboembolism and pulmonary embolism), hypovolemic crisis (e.g., abdominal pain, tachycardia, and hypotension), cardiovascular problems (e.g., hyperlipidemia), acute renal failure, anemia, and others (e.g., hypothyroidism, hypocalcemia, bone disease, and intussusception). The main pathomechanism of disease-associated complications originates from the large loss of plasma proteins in the urine of nephrotic children. The majority of children with MCNS who respond to treatment with corticosteroids or cytotoxic agents have smaller and milder complications than those with steroid-resistant NS. Corticosteroids, alkylating agents, cyclosporin A, and mycophenolate mofetil have often been used to treat NS, and these drugs have treatment-related complications. Early detection and appropriate treatment of these complications will improve outcomes for patients with NS.