• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.979-983
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• 2005

Indoor air quality has been addressed as an important atmospheric environmental issue and has caught attention of the public in recent years in Korea. Good indoor air quality in classrooms favour student's learning ability, teacher and staff's productivity according to other studies. In this study, each classroom at four different schools was chosen for comparison of indoor and outdoor air quality by means of source generation types such as new constructed classroom, using of cleaning agents and purchased furniture. Temperature, relative humidity (RH), carbon dioxide $(CO_2)$, formaldehyde (HCHO), total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) and particulate matter with diameter less than $10{\mu}m\;(PM_{10})$ were monitored at indoor and outdoor locations during lesson. HCHO was found to be the worst among parameters measured in new constructed classroom, HCHO and TVOCs was worst in classroom with new purchased furniture, and TVOCs was worst in classroom cleaned by cleaning agents, Indoor $(CO_2)$ concentrations often exceeded 1500 ppm indicating importance of ventilation. Active activity of students during break time made the $PM_{10}$ concentration higher than a lesson, Improvements and further researches should be carried out considering indoor air quality at schools is of special concern since children and students are susceptible to poor air quality.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.4275-4279
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• 2016

Background: Cancer is a major health problem due to the aging population with increasing deaths. Family functioning is affected by cancer diagnosis and treatment. The aim of this study was to comparative analysis of the perception of family functioning by heads of families with and without cancer members during illness, focusing on changes or probable changes. Materials and Methods: This comparative study was conducted on two groups (families with a member of the cancer and controls without a family member with cancer). The families were of patients referred to the clinics and hospitals of Imam Khomeini, Taleghani and Omid of Urmia city, the number of samples being 148 for cases and 176for the control group. To collect the data, valid and reliable family functioning (FAD) was applied, a 60-item questionnaire with seven dimensions, with heads of families. To analyze the data SPSS- 23 Software was used for descriptive and analytical statistics. Significance level was defined p <0.05. Results: Among the seven items : problem solving, communication, roles, emotional response, emotional involvement, behavior control and overall functioning, only differences for average scores of problem-solving were statistically significant. Discussion: Contrary to common perception of severe damage for family functioning in families with cancer members, results of this study indicate that functioning in terms of family caregivers is more or less similar to that of the families with other diseases. Only in problem-solving item do these families experience more difficulty. Conclusion: According to the research findings, in nursing from families with cancer patient, it is recommended to focus more on the problem-solving item of the families.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.210-216
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• 2017

Objectives: One way to prevent deaths due to rabies is the timely utilization of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Therefore, in addition to an understanding of the epidemiological distribution of animal bites, it is necessary to explore the factors leading to delays in PEP initiation. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Iran in 2011, and included 7097 cases of animal bites recorded at the Rabies Treatment Center of the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences using the census method. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with delays in PEP. Results: Among the patients studied, 5387 (75.9%) were males. The prevalence of animal bites in Fars province was 154.4 per 100 000 people. Dogs were the most frequent source of exposure (67.1%), and the most common bitten part of the body was the hands (45.5%). A delay in the initiation of PEP was found among 6.8% of the studied subjects. This delay was more likely in housewives (odds ratio [OR], 4.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.12 to 10.23) and less likely in people with deep wounds (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.43 to 0.97). Conclusions: Although all animal bite victims received complete PEP, in some cases, there were delays. Further, the type of animal involved, the depth of the bite, and the patient's occupation were the major factors associated with a delay in the initiation of PEP for rabies prevention.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.57-73
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• 2000

A study on drug abuse of young people who failed in college entrance examinations and preparing the next examination and those enrolled at colleges but trying to transfer to other colleges was conducted from February 3 to May 31, 1999 in order to determine current drug abuse status of them and factors affecting their behavior related to drug abuse. A total of 1,771 people were selected from college entrance preparation institutes in Seoul, Pusan, Taegu, Taejon and Kwangju and interviewed by using questionnaires. The results are summarized as follows; 1. 49.78％ of them experienced drinking, 22.8％ smoking, and 6.7％ drug previously. More males smoked cigarettes than females. The young in the age group of 25 to 29 years old, and the young living in small towns, and subjects who finished junior colleges and those without religions drank more than those in other categories. The subjects in the age group of 20 to 24 years old and those with one parent, and those living in small towns used more drugs than those in other categories. 2. 60.1％ of those with drug using experience used the drug in their or friends' homes. 53.6％ of them used drugs with their friends, junior or senior classmates. 36.6％ of them purchased drugs from drug stores. 76.0％ of them spent their pocket money for buying drugs. 3. The drugs (excluding alcohol and tobacco) they used were bond and butane gas (29.6％), stimulants (20.6％), marijuana 02.0％) LSD (4.8％), cocaine, heroine and opium (4.2％), and others (28.8％). 4. 21.5％ of those with drug using experience had detoxification treatment previously. The ajmor sufferings they experienced were distraction (42.6％), fear 01.7％), and others. 5. 51.0％ of the subjects experienced drug related health education in schools, and 14.6％ had that kind of education through social program. 6. 64.3％ of the subjects got information about drug abuse through mass media, 16.4％ through printed materials, and 11.4％ through public health professionals. 7. The knowledge level of drug abuse was 16.48:1:2.76 points out of 24 (68.6 points out of 100).

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.497-505
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to examine changes of empathy levels of nursing student in two different curricula structures, one called "traditional" and the other called "integrated" curricula. The study was a longitudinal design to follow a cohort of nursing students to examine the magnitude of changes in empathy in their education years. Methods: The study was conducted in a public school of nursing giving a baccalaureate degree, which had a fundamental change in their curricula. In all, 81 students from the traditional curricula and 66 students from the integrated curricula completed the study, and data from a total of 147 students were analyzed between 2003 and 2008. The Empathic Communication Skills Scale and the Empathic Tendency Scale were given to the students in the beginning of their freshman year and at the end of the fourth year just before graduation. Results: Although both of the curricula were seemed effective at improving empathic skills of students, especially the scores of students who completed the integrated curricula were higher than the scores of the other group attending the traditional curricula (p<.05). However, the empathic tendency scores of students in both curricula decreased at the end of fourth year. Conclusion: Although undergraduate nursing curricula either traditional or integrated improved empathic skills, it seemed that integrated curricula were more effective than traditional curricula in increasing empathic skills. The more hours and more experiential methods contributed to improved empathy. The decrease in empathic tendency requires further attention of educators and nurse managers.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.192-200
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• 2013

Objectives: To measure the prevalence of behavioural risk factors for obesity among urban adolescent school children in Chennai, India. Methods: This study was performed as a cross-sectional study using a World Health Organization-designed Global School-based Student Health Survey questionnaire (modified for India) among adolescent school children studying in 30 randomly selected secondary and higher secondary schools in Chennai city. 1842 adolescents studying in the VIII to XII standards were randomly selected for the study. Results: In the present study, 40.7% of the students ate fruit one or more times per day and 74.5% of the students ate vegetables one or more times per day. Nearly 20% of the students ate fast food items on 4 to 7 days during the previous week. Among the students, 30.4% watched television for more than two hours per day. Nearly 68% of the girls and 22% of the boys did not participate in outdoor sports activities. When the pattern of physical activity of the students was assessed, it was observed that 15.6% were inactive, 43.4% were minimally active, and the remaining 41.0% belonged to the category of health enhancing physical activity. Among the students, 6.2% were overweight and 5.2% were obese. Conclusions: The prevalence of risk factors for obesity was quite high among the adolescents. This study also showed that a great proportion of overweight/obese adolescents had a correct perception of their body weight and they were making efforts to modify risk factors such as television viewing, computer use, a sedentary lifestyle, and unhealthy dietary habits.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.30-36
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• 2022

Background: Nowadays, dental health problems in Indonesia are still quite high. It is one of which influenced by low public awareness of the importance of maintaining the health of teeth and mouth that can be measured by toothbrushing behavior. Based on the results of RISKESDAS 2018, only 2.8 percent of the population has a proper toothbrushing behavior. Behavior tends to form at age 6 to 12 years. At this age, children begin to develop habits that tend to settle until adulthood, including toothbrushing behavior. Social cognitive theory is a theory of behavioral change that explains that behavioral changes are influenced by the environment, personal, behavior where these three factors influence each other. This study aims to identify changes in the dental behavior of second grades students before and after the joint toothbrushing at school for 21 days. Methods: A pre-experimental study-design was conducted on elementary school by pre-post treatment method where there are 2 classes that get intervention and 2 other classes as control. A joint toothbrush is performed every morning before the school activities begin. Before and after the joint toothbrushing, all classes are given questionnaires to see if there are any changes in behavior seen through knowledge, attitudes, and practice. Results: Respondent group showed increasement on their knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors towards toothbrushing. In contrast, the control groups showed no significant differences in the 3 factors. Conclusion: In this study the education of toothbrushing through environmental changes is quite effective in elementary school children. Insights into the benefits of this program and refinements of optimally targeted intervention, including longitudinal studies are needed to improve the results.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.3338-3348
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• 2013

본 연구는 여자대학생을 대상으로 식생활 습관, 체형 및 체중조절태도와 피로자각증상과의 관련성을 검토할 목적으로 대전광역시의 6개 대학에 재학하고 있는 1~4학년 여자대학생 508명을 대상으로 2012년 4월 1일부터 5월 31일까지의 기간 동안에 자기기입식조사표(self administered questionnaire)에 의해 설문조사 하였다. 조사내용은 조사대상학생들의 기본적 속성 및 일상생활 상황, 식생활습관, 체형 및 체중조절 태도, 피로자각증상에 관한 항목으로 구성하였다. 연구결과, 피로자각증상에 영향을 미치는 변수로는 한 가지 음식만의 식사. 외식 빈도, 저녁식사의 섭취상황, 인스턴트식품 섭취빈도, 시리얼 및 아이스크림 섭취빈도, 콩류 및 콩 제품류 섭취빈도, 우유 및 유제품류 섭취빈도, 설탕의 과잉섭취에 대한 주의, 식염의 과잉섭취에 대한 주의, 체형의 자기평가, 체중조절의 지향 등의 식생활습관, 체형 및 체중조절 태도에 관련된 여러 변수들이 유의한 변수로 선정되었다. 따라서 건전한 식생활습관을 하기 위한 노력이나 보다 더 객관적인 평가에 의한 체형 및 체중조절의 자기평가가 이루어지도록 노력하는 것이 필요하다고 본다.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.461-467
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• 2014

본 연구는 치위생과 대학에서 이루어지고 있는 치위생과정 실습에서 3학년 학생들이 대상자의 치아상태를 Q-ray view를 사용하지 않고 평가한 방법과 Q-ray view를 사용하여 평가한 방법을 숙련된 검사자의 치아검사결과를 기준치로 하여 부위별, 병소 및 수복물별 일치도를 비교하였다. 부위별 차이에서 병소와 수복물은 Q-ray view를 사용한 경우에 높은 일치도를 나타냈다. 특히 상악전치부는 수복물에서 100% 정답기준과 일치하였다. 병소 및 수복물별 차이에서 Q-ray view를 사용한 경우 병소에서는 치아우식증과 초기우식증, 치아파절에서 차이가 있었고 수복물에서는 수복물 또는 치면열구전색이 없는 경우와 심미수복물에서 유의한 차이가 있었다. 본 연구의 결과 Q-ray view를 병행해서 치아검사를 수행했을 때 경험이 부족한 치위생과 학생의 치아검사 신뢰성이 향상되었다. 따라서 치위생과정 실습에서 Q-ray view는 학생의 치아검사역량 증진에 효과적인 도구로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.113-127
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• 1985

대기오염(大氣汚染)이 비교적 심각(深刻)하다고 생각되는 도시와 농촌과의 호흡기증상을 비교(比較)해 보고자 대구 주민 470명, 포항 364명, 농촌지역인 의성군 주민 472명을 대상(對象)으로 호흡기증상에 대한 설문지를 만들어서 1984년 4월 10일에서 4월 30일까지 각 지역 중 고학생들을 통하여 그들 가족에게 설문하였다. 각 지역에 따른 증상호소율을 볼 때 대체로 도시가 농촌보다 높았는데 특히 ${\ulcorner}$목이 부었다${\lrcorner}$고 느끼거나 ${\ulcorner}$가래${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}$천식${\lrcorner}$ 증상이 농촌에 비해 도시가 높게 나왔으며(p<0.05), 다만 여자에서 ${\ulcorner}$감기를 심하게 앓는다${\lrcorner}$는 경우는 농촌이 높았다. 연령군(年齡群)에 따라 도시, 농촌을 비교(比較)해 보면 남자 19세 이하군에서 ${\ulcorner}$목이 부었다${\lrcorner}$고 느끼는 경우가 농촌에 비해 포항이 높았으며(p<0.05), 남자 40대에서는 ${\ulcorner}$식은땀${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}$목의 이물감${\lrcorner}$이 오히려 도시에서 농촌보다 낮게 나타났다. 학생들에게서는 도시, 농촌간의 차가 거의 없었고, 직업인에서 ${\ulcorner}$목이 부었다${\lrcorner}$고 느끼는 예가 포항이 농촌보다 높았으며(p<0.05), ${\ulcorner}$감기${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}$잔기침${\lrcorner}$은 포항이 농촌보다 낮았다(p<0.05). 이상에서 몇 항목에 대해 농촌이 더 높은 것은 농부(農夫)들의 심한 피로(疲勞)와 농약 등에 의한 것으로 생각되나 전반적(全般的)으로 볼 때 ${\ulcorner}$천식${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}$가래${\lrcorner}$ 등 도시가 농촌보다 많은 항목에서 호소율이 높았다. 이는 산업연료(産業燃料), 차량(車輛)의 배기(排氣)가스, 먼지 등의 영향이 아닌가 생각된다.