DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

How Effective Is Toothbrush Education through Environmental Changes in Elementary School Children

  • Pratamawari, Dyah Nawang Palupi (Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Brawijaya University) ;
  • Balgies, Grandyna Ansya (Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Brawijaya University) ;
  • Buunk-Werkhoven, Yvonne A.B. (SPOH ARTS – International Optimizing Health Psychology)
  • Received : 2021.12.21
  • Accepted : 2022.01.25
  • Published : 2022.03.31

Abstract

Background: Nowadays, dental health problems in Indonesia are still quite high. It is one of which influenced by low public awareness of the importance of maintaining the health of teeth and mouth that can be measured by toothbrushing behavior. Based on the results of RISKESDAS 2018, only 2.8 percent of the population has a proper toothbrushing behavior. Behavior tends to form at age 6 to 12 years. At this age, children begin to develop habits that tend to settle until adulthood, including toothbrushing behavior. Social cognitive theory is a theory of behavioral change that explains that behavioral changes are influenced by the environment, personal, behavior where these three factors influence each other. This study aims to identify changes in the dental behavior of second grades students before and after the joint toothbrushing at school for 21 days. Methods: A pre-experimental study-design was conducted on elementary school by pre-post treatment method where there are 2 classes that get intervention and 2 other classes as control. A joint toothbrush is performed every morning before the school activities begin. Before and after the joint toothbrushing, all classes are given questionnaires to see if there are any changes in behavior seen through knowledge, attitudes, and practice. Results: Respondent group showed increasement on their knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors towards toothbrushing. In contrast, the control groups showed no significant differences in the 3 factors. Conclusion: In this study the education of toothbrushing through environmental changes is quite effective in elementary school children. Insights into the benefits of this program and refinements of optimally targeted intervention, including longitudinal studies are needed to improve the results.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

We would like to thank to the Headmaster, teachers, and 2nd grade students from Islamic Global School in Malang for their extraordinary help and support before and during the research in 2019.

References

  1. Indonesian Ministry of Health: Indonesia health profile 2013. Retrieved February 13, 2019, from https://pusdatin.kemkes.go.id/resources/download/pusdatin/profil-kesehatan-indonesia/profil-kesehatan-indonesia-2013.pdf
  2. Agency of Health Research and Development (Indonesia): Indonesia basic health research 2018. Agency of Health Research and Development, Jakarta, 2018.
  3. Dodd VJ, Logan H, Brown CD, Calderon A, Catalanotto F: Perceptions of oral health, preventive care, and care-seeking behaviors among rural adolescents. J Sch Health 84: 802-809, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.12215
  4. Suryanti N, Bahar A, Seniati ANL, Rahardjo A: Development of an oral hygiene behavior questionnaire for adolescents based on the theory of planned behavior. J Stomatol 73: 129-135, 2020. https://doi.org/10.5114/jos.2020.96941
  5. Buunk-Werkhoven YA, Dijkstra A, van der Schans CP: Determinants of oral hygiene behavior: a study based on the theory of planned behavior. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 39: 250-259, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.2010.00589.x
  6. Allen L, Kelly B: Child development and early learning. In: Allen L, Kelly B, eds. Transforming the workforce for children birth through age 8: a unifying foundation. National Academies Press (US), Washington, D.C., 2021.
  7. Hockenberry MJ, Wilson D, Rodgers C: Wong's essentials of pediatric nursing. 10th ed. Elsevier, St Louis, pp.195, 2013.
  8. Buunk-Werkhoven YAB, Burrekers SY: Effects and benefits of a program to promote tooth brushing among 12-year-old school children in the Dominican Republic. Adv Dent Oral Health 10: 555799, 2019. https://doi.org/10.19080/ADOH.2019.10.555799
  9. Ghaffari M, Rakhshanderou S, Ramezankhani A, Buunk-Werkhoven Y, Noroozi M, Armoon B: Are educating and promoting interventions effective in oral health?: a systematic review. Int J Dent Hyg 16: 48-58, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1111/idh.12305
  10. Setiawati F, Darwita RR, Fadillah F, Adiatman M, Soekanto SA, Sjarkawi GA: Effectiveness of dental health education intervention using the 16-surface tooth brushing program among 7-9-year-old schoolchildren in Indonesia. Pesqui Bras Odontopediatria Clin Integr 20: e5698, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1590/pboci.2020.144
  11. Park HS, Nam HS, Choi YK, Song EJ, Hwang SJ: Prevention effect of oral disease through school-based toothbrushing program in Daejeon after 30 months. J Dent Hyg Sci 11: 91-97, 2011.
  12. Nabavi RT: Bandura's social learning theory & social cognitive learning theory. Retrieved January 27, 2019, from https://davidamerland.com/images/pdf/BandurasTheory.pdf.
  13. Hayden J: Introduction to health behavior theory. 3rd ed. Jones & Bartlett Learning, Burlington, 2017.
  14. Santrock JW: Children. 9th ed. McGraw- Hill, New York, 2007.
  15. Pajares F: Overview of social cognitive theory and of self-efficacy. Retrieved January 27, 2019, from https://www.uky.edu/~eushe2/Pajares/eff.html.
  16. Bandura A: Social cognitive theory: an agentic perspective. Annu Rev Psychol 52: 1-26, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.1
  17. LaMorte WW: Behavioral change models: the social cognitive theory. Retrieved December 15, 2021, from https://sphweb.bumc.bu.edu/otlt/mph-modules/sb/behaviora lchangetheories/behavioralchangetheories5.html.
  18. Buunk-Werkhoven YAB, Takrovskaja K, Steverink-Jorna LM: Kidsfabriek: Oral health awareness and promotion of oral self-care during a learning and play event for children and parents in The Netherlands. Annu Clin J Dent Health 7: 22-25, 2018.
  19. Saied-Moallemi Z, Virtanen JI, Vehkalahti MM, Tehranchi A, Murtomaa H: School-based intervention to promote preadolescents' gingival health: a community trial. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 37: 518-526, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.2009.00491.x
  20. Riyanti E, Saptarini R: Improving of the oral and dental health by changing child behaviour. Retrieved October 19, 2019, from http://pustaka.unpad.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/pustaka_unpad_Upaya-Peningkatan-Kesehatan-Gigi-dan-Mulut-Melalui-Perubahan.pdf.
  21. Yoon SG, Han SJ: Factors influencing the toothbrushing behavior of elementary school students adapted by the theory of planned behavior. J Dent Hyg Sci 14: 554-562, 2014. https://doi.org/10.17135/jdhs.2014.14.4.554
  22. Lally P, van Jaarsveld CHM, Potts HWW, Wardle J: How are habits formed: modelling habit formation in the real world. Eur J Soc Psychol 40: 998-1009, 2010.https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.674