• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.40
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• pp.102-108
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• 2003

Currently, there is no facility standard for a city public health center. The facility standard of rural public health center is referred to architectural plan of city public health center. This study is about architectural plan of the city public health center and have been in 7 public health centers in Daegu investigated. Conclusions can be summarized as follows: 1) The Mother and child hygienic section, area ratio which is presented by the facility standard of rural public health center must be increased in case of city public health center since function-reinforcement of the mother and child hygienic section is required. 2) Business section, the area ratio which is presented by the facility standard of rural public health center must be diminished for city public health center because it has been excessively allocated.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.35-42
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to suggest the possibility of complexity use these facilities for elderly welfare facility or public health facility and community center in rural. For this purpose this article researched into elderly welfare facilities, public health facilities and social welfare centers. And we studied of village community center, life pattern in old people in rural. With a rapidly increase in population of older people in rural, there is a great demand for the construction of complexes facilities. Particularly, there was highly demand for the public health facilities and the welfare programme of physiotherapy facilities on village community center in rural. However, there is not a intersection of space composition and specification function between elderly welfare facilities and public healthcare facilities and community welfare centers in this time. Accordingly, in the future plan for community center in rural, it is necessary to consider integration with public health facility. And it is necessary to compose the community center in consideration of the spatial organization of complexity as a possibility of community welfare activities.

• Journal of Korea Planning Association
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.19-38
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the impacts of neighborhood sports activity facilities on the exercise time and subjective health level using the National Sport Participation Survey data(2013-2015) in Seoul, Korea. We conducted path analysis including exercise time, subjective health level and various environmental factors. From the survey data, we extracted individual's characteristics including subjective health and exercise time. In addition, we calculated physical environment variables of neighborhood units. The results of this study are as follow. First, most of moderating variables such as gender, age, income and job showed expected relationships with exercise time or subjective health level. Second, the perceived level regarding neighborhood sports facilities such as public sports facilities had a strong positive association with exercise time and subjective health level. Third, the area of public sports facility, neighborhood park and the number of schools had positive effects on the exercise time and subjective health level. Lastly, land use mix and the number of intersections showed a positive effects on exercise time. To sum up, the results indicated that public sports facility, neighborhood park and perceived environment on neighborhood sports facility are critical factors of residents' exercise time and subjective health level.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.113-121
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• 1992

In order to estimate the pattern of medical care utilization and recognition for health factor among the inhabitants in Wan-do district which is located off the southern seashore from mainland Korea, household interview survey was performed from January 15 to 30, 1990 in Wan-do Gun area. The results observed were following: 1. Among the users of medical facilities 40.8% used public health facility as first contact facility. Lower the income level was and longer the residency duration was, the utilization rate of public health facilities was higher. By age groups and medical security status the utilization pattern was likely to disperse to local clinic and secondary contact medical resources. 2. Medical expense and access time were significantly different between primary contact and secondary contact medical resources. 3. Public health facility was recognized as the favoured institute having advantage of geographic and economic accessibility. 4. Statistically significant determinants in public health facility utilization among total medical service were the region, the medical expense, and the access time.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.51-60
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• 2021

Purpose: Tuberculosis(TB) care unit in public health center should be carefully considered to be re-designed as an infection safety environment for both patient and healthcare workers. So, for the enhancement, this study analyses the facility requirements for co-using the screening clinic as a TB and other respiratory disease care unit. Methods: Not only screening clinic facility guidelines from "A Study for Standard Triage Design and Construction Document" but also the guidelines of TB care and related medical facility are reviewed; KDCA, CDC, ECDC and WHO as a TB care, and FGI and NHS for facility. The facility requirements are summarized space, approach, and mechanical requirement in order. By comparing the summary and screening clinic facility guidelines, supplementations are proposed for TB care unit setting. Results: The result of this study shows that both the space program and mechanical requirement of the screening clinic and that of TB care unit are almost identical and could be share, which include direct airflow or negative air pressure in an exam room. To increase functional and economical efficiency, however, it is necessary to consider a multi-functional negative pressured room, So care process may be re-designed based on a room type; face-to-face room or glass wall inbetween. Implications: The facility guidelines for TB care unit of a public health center should be developed to build a safe environment for infection control by reflecting its medical plan and budget.

• Journal of the Health Care and Life Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.87-93
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• 2021

Effects on Health Center and Hospital Visit Patient Characteristics and Overall Satisfaction As a result of comparing the characteristics of visiting patients in the public health centers and hospitals, the number of patients at the public health centers was relatively higher than the hospital patients, the number of medical benefits patients was higher, and there were more vaccinations or physiotherapy patients than the purpose of disease treatment.There was a small number of private insurances,The older adults were more. The most influential variable on the overall satisfaction level of the public health center is the facility satisfaction And doctor satisfaction had a weak effect.In the case of hospitals, the facility satisfaction Also, the degree of satisfaction with doctors, satisfaction with medical expenses, and satisfaction with treatment environment were in order.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.522-530
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• 2020

Background: In 2008, Korea implemented a new type of social insurance known as "long-term care insurance". We examined the association between ownership of long-term care facilities and the incidence of pressure ulcers after the implementation of "long-term care insurance". This study is a population-based retrospective cohort study from 2006 to 2013. Methods: We used medical claims data from the Korean National Health Insurance Corporate Elderly Cohort Database from 2006 to 2013. These data comprise a nationally representative sample. To avoid confounders, only patients admitted to one long-term care facility and who stayed for >70% of the follow-up time were included; as a result, 3,107 individuals were enrolled. The main independent variable was the operating entity of the long-term care facility (local government, corporate bodies, and private for-profit owners), and the dependent variable was the 1-year incidence of pressure-ulcers. Survival analysis (Cox proportional hazard model) was used as an analysis method. Results: Compared to patients admitted to local government long-term care facilities, patients admitted to private long-term care facilities had a significantly higher 1-year risk of pressure ulcers (hazard ratio [HR], 1.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.29-2.91); the risk was especially high among patients who were cognitively dependent (HR, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.25-4.37). Conclusion: Patients admitted to private for-profit long-term care facilities were more likely to have pressure ulcers compared to those in local government and corporate body long-term care facilities. Appropriate assessment tools and publicly available information, as well as more restricted legal requirements, are needed to improve the care quality and outcomes of patients in long-term care facilities.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.45-56
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• 2008

This study was to assess the lifetime cancer and non-cancer risk of exposure of worker and user at public facilities in Korea to volatile organic compounds (VOCs). We measured the concentrations of two aldehydes and five VOCs in indoor air at 424 public buildings that 8 kinds of public facilities (70 movie theaters, 86 offices, 86 restaurants, 70 academies, 22 auditoriums, 30 PC-rooms, 30 singing-rooms and 30 bars) all over the country. There were estimated the human exposure dose and risks with averages of the using-time and frequency for facility users and office workers, respectively. Carcinogens (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and benzene) were estimated the lifetime excess cancer risks (ECRs). non-carcinogens (toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and styrene) were estimated the hazard quotients (HQs). The average ECRs of formaldehyde and benzene for facility worker and user were $1{\times}10^{-3}{\sim}1{\times}10^{-4}\;and\;1{\times}10^{-4}{\sim}1{\times}10^{-5}$ level, respectively, in all facilities. HQs of four non-carcinogens did not exceed 1.0 for all subjects in all facilities. The estimated ECRs for restaurant and auditorium were the highest, and the PC-room and bar were the next higher facilities. Furthermore, people in a smoking facility had the highest cancer risk. Higher ECRs of formaldehyde and benzene were observed in indoor smoking facilities such as restaurant and auditorium. Higher HQs of toluene and xylene were observed at the restaurant and office building.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.121-133
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• 2011

This study suggests criteria to conduct a risk assessment of VOCs and formaldehyde in uncontrolled public facilities. Pollutants and facilities were selected based on two years of monitoring data and exposure scenarios in 573 uncontrolled public facilities, composed of 10 types of public institutions. With the exception of social welfare facilities, lifetime ECRs of formaldehyde and benzene in each facility were higher in employees than in users, except in social welfare facilities. In social welfare facilities, the risk of benzene for users ($1{\times}10^{-5}$) was higher than that of workers ($1{\times}10^{-6}$) because facility users live in the facility 24 hours per day, compared to workers who spend an average of 8 hours per day in the facility. The risk of benzene to workers in restaurants, academies, performance halls, internet cafe and pubs were estimated as high as $1{\times}10^{-4}$ and the risk to workers in the theaters and karaoke bars were recorded as $1{\times}10^{-5}$. Because lifetime ECRs of carcinogens exceeded $1{\times}10^{-4}$ for workers and users in most facilities, risk management of formaldehyde and benzene in these facilities is necessary. Although HQs of toluene and xylenes did not exceed 1.0, their HQs did exceed 0.1 in some facilities, so they were evaluated as potentially harmful materials. Additionally, criteria for health protection in IAQ by facility are suggested at $60-100\;{\mu}g/m^3$ for formaldehyde, $400-500\;{\mu}g/m^3$ for TVOCs, $10-20\;{\mu}g/m^3$ for benzene, $150-170\;{\mu}g/m^3$ for toluene and $100\;{\mu}g/m^3$ for xylenes, based on the survey on IAQ and HRA methodology. The excess rates of IAQ to health protection criteria in all facilities were 16% for formaldehyde, 8% for TVOCs and benzene, 9% for toulene, and 5% for xylenes.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.9-16
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• 2017

There are an increasing number of healthcare facilaties, especially branch offices, in rural areas to serve the aging population living there. However, there has been a gradual decline in the ratios of recognition, satisfaction and utilization by people who live in the regions. A significant reason of declining the ratios should be the population decline, but the most of population hierarchy shows the groups of elderly people over 60. This result appears to be limited to visit the public health centers. According to the result of population hierarchy, a branch office of public health center has been re-established as a complex welfare facility which can be fulfilled in the functions of basic medical supports and cultural supports. This research is focused on collecting the meaningful information of the status of physical facilities and utilization with 15branch offices of public health care centers in the rural regions near the city of Ik-San city. In addition, this research has a purpose of getting fundamental data for future architectural plans of the branch offices in rural regions with the results about the status of facility operation systems and users' needs.