• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.75-99
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• 2023

The current study aimed to explore the suicidal behaviors and risk factors of completed suicides using psychological autopsy and use them as index variables to classify suicidal types. In addition, this study looked into the influential factors that affect each suicidal type. related to suicidal behaviors and suicidal risk factors by psychological autopsy. In addiction, the distinctions among the classes were analyzed. For this, psychological autopsies were conducted on the families and the close ones of 128 completed suicides. Then, the index variables were finally chosen for classifying suicidal types. The selected index variables for suicidal risk factors were mental disorders, suicide/self-harm, significant changes in physical appearance, marital conflict, adjustment and relationship issues at work/school, unemployment/layoff, jobless status and serious financial problems. The selected index variables for suicidal behaviors were expressing their suicidal attempts, writing suicidal notes, asking for help, the time/place/method of suicidal behavior, past suicidal/self-harm experience and the first person who witnessed the suicide. The Latent Class Analysis(LCA) and the 3-step method were used for classifying suicidal types. Then external variables(financial changes, cohabitation, existence of stressors, changes in stress level or relationships and family members with mental disorder/alchohol problems/ physical disorders, and work/school stisfaction) were applied for distinguishing classes. As a result, 5 classes(financial problems, adjustment problems, complex problems, psychiatric problems, and response to event[s]) were revealed on suicidal behaviors and 3 classes(residence- suicidal attempt- found by family, nonresidence- nonsuicidal attempt- found by acquaintances, residence- nonsuicidal attempt- found by family) were presented on suicidal risk factors. External variables such as gender, marital status, cohabitation, changes in relationships significantly differentiated among the 3 classes. Especially, class 3(residence- nonsuicidal attempt- found by family) tended to cohabit with others, were married, and had a significantly high level of interpersonal conflicts. When comparing the 5 classes of suicidal risk factors, auxiliary variables such as economic changes, cohabitation, stress, relationship changes, and family-related problems, and school/work satisfaction significantly differentiated the 5 classes. Especially class 3 (complex problems) experienced comparatively less family-related problems, but showed an aggravating level of personal stress. Suicial prevention strategies should be provided considering the characteristics of each class and the influential factors.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.120-126
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• 2012

Objectives : The objective of this study is to measure and to compare the rate of depression, anxiety, self-es-teem and the quality of life of the patients with chest pain. Based on the result of this study, the necessity of the psychiatric assessment and treatment of the patients with chest pain is emphasized. This study is a preliminary research for a larger scale investigation to be carried out in the future. Methods : Thirty nine patients with chest pain who visited Cardiovascular Division of Dept. of Internal Medicine Pusan National University Hospital and fourty normal control group(NC) were included in this study. The patients were classified into typical chest pain group(TCP, N=19) and atypical chest pain group(ACP, N=20) based on the cause of the pain. The cause was determined by cardiac computed tomography, exercise stress test, coronary angiography, and questionaires by a cardiology specialist. The patients were assessed with Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale(RSES) and Korean version of the Smith Klein Beecham 'Quality of Life' scale(KvSBQOL). Results : 1) When the risk factors of cardiac disease is compared, most of the factors(Hypertension, Diabetes, Hyperlipidemia, Cerebral infarction) did not differ significantly among the two chest pain groups, except for the family history, for which TCP group showed higher risk than ACP group did. 2) As for the self-report questionaires scores, BDI score, which indicates the rate of depression, of both ACP group and TCP group was significantly higher than that of NC group in BDI for depression. STAI score, which measures anxiety, was also significantly high in both groups. Especially, STAI score was significantly higher in ACP group than TCP group. 3) In the aspect of self-esteem and quality of life, ACP group scored significantly lower than TCP group and NC group. The scores for TCP group and NC group did not differ significantly. Conclusions : The patients with chest pain showed more depression and anxiety than normal control group, regardless of the cause of the pain. However, TCP group did not show significantly larger drop in self-esteem and quality of life than ACP group did. This result implies that early psychiatric assessment and treatment is needed for the patients with such chest pain, since it is highly likely that the pain would lead to lower quality of life of the patients.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.245-253
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• 2019

Background: This study aimed to analyze correlations between depression, cognitive function, oral health state, ability to perform activities of daily living, oral dryness symptoms, and oral health-related quality of life, and determine factors influencing the latter. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study based on questionnaires completed by 260 participants with suspected dementia, residing in South Korea. Psychiatrists, psychiatric nurses, and dental hygienists visited clinics in the participating regions for examination and questionnaire administration. General characteristics, the geriatric depression scale, ability to perform activities of daily living, cognitive function, oral health state, and oral health-related quality of life were analyzed. Independent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were conducted, identifying factors affecting oral health-related quality of life. Data analysis was performed using SPSS ver. 20.0 (IBM Corp., USA), and the significance was set at p<0.05. Results: Approximately 65.0% of participants were female, 63.5% were in their 70s, and 90.0% had health insurance. About 21.5%, 42.0%, and 36.5% were normal, slightly impaired, and had dementia, respectively. High cognitive impairment was associated with poor oral health. Sex, education levels, marital status, and living arrangements influenced oral health-related quality of life. According to the regression analysis, geriatric depression and oral dryness affected the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index scores. Conclusion: In conclusion, oral dryness and depression levels among elders influenced oral health-related quality of life. The results showed that to enhance elders' oral health-related quality of life, it is essential to not only improve their oral health state, but also relieve oral health problems, especially oral dryness, and take into consideration their psychological aspects.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.105-116
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• 1974

This study was made on patients who were Hospitalized due to sickness caused by the abuse of marihuana at the Psychiatric Section of a hospital during the period from Feb. to Oct., 1974. The following conclusion was obtained by reviewing the literature with respect to the nursing, and problem solving of those patients. 1. It appears that marihuana is a comparatively mild intoxicant in ordinary preparation without causing physical dependence or tolerance. 2. According to the status of men who are marihuana smokers, approximately 20% of them were college students, those preparing to retake college entrance examinations, non-employed and pharmacists. The men belong mostly to the middle foreigner′s mistress of higher, income bracket, and in the case of women, most of the smokers were US. servicemen entertainers. 3. Dynamic developmental factors: Case 1. : The patient had a characteristic, hysterical and emotionally unitable character, and was of low intelligence, In addition, to this already existing problem, the added uses of marihuana caused a mental illness to develope. Case 2 : The character, was reserved and introspective, her creative power and sentiment was fading and his ability of self-control was weakened. She used the smoking of marihuana to get rid of her own feeling of inferiority complex and tensions coming from interpersonal relationships. Case 3 : The patient was unconditionally resistive to the authoritativeness of superiors and irresponsible in his relationship with women, in his attitude concerning sex in general. He smoked marihuana because he felt become peace-loving and get enchanted experience through smoking it. 4. The points of issue appearing from the above case; (1) Movement of anti-social feelings against the "established system" by the youngsters. (2) Family problem. (3) Shamelessness, loss of motivation, disorderly attitude toward the sex, (4) Worries concerning the future. (5) Lack of knowledge concerning smoking of cigarette and marihuana. Chronic use of marihuana made, those youngman who had originally been ambitions to achieve something in life, lazy, inefficient, unable to make long-term plans, are such weak mined persons that they did not try to overcome problems when encountered. This will pose a great and important question in the mental health of the society, 5. Treatment and Problem sieving According to the literature, we will have to place importance upon hospitalized treatment The phases of treatment were divided into five parts. (1) Prehospital phase (2) Withdrawal Phase (3) Rehabilitation phase (4) Transitional phase (5) After-care phase The experiments have proved that there was much progress in the recovery of patients through environment therapy, supportive therapy and group psychotherapy. This was the above mentioned 5 phases of treating process in accordance with the weekly schedule of the hospital. It was thought that the patients would require prolonged after care management even after they were released from the hospital and that they will also require periodic visit, to the hospital and doctor′s interview with their family. In conclusion, the question of the young generation and marihuana smoking is becoming a great social problem in which their resistances to the "established system" and society is growing in the from of antiestablishment movements. In our country, the smoking of marihuana is gradually developing, therefore, I think, that it would be a very fortunate thing for us, if this report could be helpful for the motivation of further study on the questions of the young generation and its problems.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.58-65
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• 2001

Objectives : It is well known that pharmacologic and behavioral therapies of panic disorder show remarkable acute treatment outcome, however the course of panic disorder in clinical settings is often chronic and relapsing. The purpose of this study is to investigate the treatment outcome of panic disorder and the factors related to good treatment outcome by prospective follow-up study after 6 month in clinical settings. Methods : Twenty nine patients were diagnosed to have panic disorder by SCID(Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R), among the patients who had visited the psychiatric out-patients clinic of the Asan Medical Center for the first time. We determined the initial clinical and demoraphic features of each patient and reevaluated them after 6 months, investigating the treatment outcome by anxiety, phobia, impairment scales. We looked into the rate of the patients who showed good treatment outcome and determined the factors that had relation with good treatment outcome among demographic and clinical features. Results : Nineteen out of 29 patients could be followed after 6 months. Among them, 10 patients 52.6%) on the impairment scale and phobia scale each, and 8 patients(42.1 %) on the anxiety scale showed good treatment outcome. 8 patients(42.1 %) showed good treatment outcome on the all three scales. High score in initial phobia scale had significant relation with good treatment outcome. Short duration of illness did not have significant relation with good treatment outcome however there was a trend(p=0.07). Conclusion : About half(42.1 %) of the panic disorder patients showed good treatment outcome on all three scales. Severe initial phobic symptom and short duration of illness were expected to have relation with good treatment outcome.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.34-46
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• 1998

This study was designed to develop the scale of paternal parenting attitudes which has become an area of interest in child fostering study recently. Considering various factors extracted from previous Korean and foreign studies, the authors constructed a questionnaire composed of total 57 questions. It was applied to 126 mothers from families with no psychiatric patient in Seoul and Pusan who had at least onechild older than age 12 by random sampling. Then the authors extracted the factors which were able to compose the scale and evaluated the concurrent reliability. Also the authors selected mothers of 47 schizophrenic patients and 29 bipolar I patients diagnosed with the criteria of DSM-IV who have treated in Seoul National Mental Hospital and 46 controls which consisted of randomly selected mothers from normal families for the discriminative validity test. The results were as follows. The authors extracted 5 subscales of active participation, democratic guidance, warmth, hostility, devotion for education and Cronbach’s ${\alpha}$ value of each subscale which shows its internal consistency was .82, .78, .65, .78, .61 respectively. In the discriminative validity test, all subscales except ‘devotion for education’ subscale significantly discriminated between fathers of schizophrenics and control group. Furthermore ‘active participation’ subscale and ‘warmth’ subscale showed significant difference between fathers of control group and resting both father group of schizophrenics and biopolar I patients.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2007

The chronic fatigue immune dysfunction syndrome (abbreviated CFIDS or CFS) is a disorder characterized by debilitating fatigue(over 6 months.), along with cognitive, musculoskeletal, and sleep abnormalities. The etiology of this illness is unlikely to be a single agent. Findings to date suggest that physiological and psychological factors work together to predispose and perpetuate the illness. Diagnosis is made difficult by the nonspecific clinical findings and no available diagnostic testing. With no known cause or cure for the chronic fatigue and immune dysfunction syndrome, treatment is based on relieving symptoms and improving the quality of life of affected patients. There is emerging evidence that chronic fatigue syndrome may be familial. In the future, studies will examine the extent to which genetic and environmental factors play a role in the development of chronic fatigue syndrome. Most patients with CFS have psychiatric problems such as a generalized anxiety disorder, or major or minor depression, therefore, these mental health disorders may be correlated with the pathophysiology of the CFS. The treatment for CFS must be individualized, due to the heterogeneity of the CFS population. Also the treatment of CFS is built on a foundation of patient-physician relationship, respect and advocacy.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.107-120
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• 2002

There has been a rapid industrial progress in Korea since 1962 by the success of 5-year economic development plan, and the number of industrial work has also made a rapid increase. Consequently, the management of the occupational health for the purpose of promoting the health of industrial workers and improving the working environment is badly needed in these days. Health services on industrial noisy environment have been provided only for noise-induced hearing loss management until now. But gradually, modem diseases and death have come to be related to the stress and mental health, therefore noise-induced mental disorder, like a stress became very important. Thus, this study has been carried out to analyze the relationship between workers' stress symptoms and the perceived working environment and the perceived working conditions. This study included 786 industrial workers selected from II factories in Buchun. The results were as follows: 1. For demographic characteristics, most of the workers were males(75.7%), the 20～29 years old were 33.8% and those who graduated from high school were 56.1%. The workers whose monthly income ranged from 700,000 to 1,500,000 won were 37.9% and who has a religion were 49.0%. 2. For occupational characteristics, workers who had worked 5～10 years in the factories were 35.8%. Those who felt much for them workload were 42.7% and who worked more than 8 hours a day were 73.7%. Those who were dissatisfied with their pay and job were 51.1 % and 31.2%. The workers who responded ventilation condition of their worksites were bad were 50.4% and the dissatisfied with working environment of their worksites were 43.8%. 3. For the noise exposure level in worksite, workers who were exposed to 70∼90㏈ were 37.4%, 90∼100㏈ were 25.2% and 50∼70㏈ were 18.8%. 4. Workers∼ stress symptoms were significantly related to marital status and their monthly income(P〈0.05). Workers who were single and had lower monthly income showed higher PSI(Psychiatric Symptom Index) scores than those who were married and had higher monthly income. Higher PSI scores were also significantly related to the night-work, workload, dissatisfaction with their job, and bad relationship with their bosses or co-workers. 5. The higher noise exposure level in worksite from 80㏈ was, the more severe stress symptoms including PSI subparts were reported; Anxiety, Anger, Depression, and Cognitive disorder symptom(P〈0.001). 6. According to the results of stepwise multiple regression analysis, factors affecting workers' PSI scores were noise exposure level in worksite(R2=0.150), relationship with coworkers, amount of workload, monthly income and relationship with bosses orderly and the total R2 of this 6 factors was 29.7%.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• no.36
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• pp.281-299
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to examine the association between personal, housing, program, and service characteristics and quality of life among persons with severe mental illness living in supported housing. A cross sectional survey of a random sample of 237 clients residing in supported housing in Philadelphia was used to assess the association between personal and environmental characteristics, and quality of life. Data were collected from structured interviews, administrative data, the 2000 U.S. Census data file and the Philadelphia police crime database. Multiple regression analyses were used to identify personal and environment characteristics that are associated with quality of life. Clients with diagnoses of schizophrenia, those with lower levels of psychiatric symptoms, those with higher levels of physical health status, and those with higher levels of perceived supportiveness with staff had higher levels of quality of life. Findings of this study suggested that clients' clinical characteristics and consumer staff relationships can be important variables for understanding quality of life among supported housing residents. Factors associated with quality of life identified in this study may help service providers design and plan services to promote quality of life and stable independent living in the community of supported housing residents.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.393-405
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• 2019

This study is descriptive survey research to find out factors which violence experience, violence coping and social support affect. This study aims at reducing burnout of psychiatry nurses and founding problem-oriented violence handling standardized intervention. The subjects were 204 nurses who have worked for more than a year in a hospital. The data collection period was conducted with structured survey from July 1, 2018 to August 31, 2018. Collected data was analysed with average, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation confident, Multiple Regression and this data will go to by SPSS. The results of the study were as follows. 92.2% of psychiatry nurses are experiencing verbal violence, 92.2% are experiencing physical threat and 75.5% are experiencing physical violence. Relations between violence experience and violence coping(r=0.15. p<.027), violence experience and burnout(r=0.16, p<.017) were positive correlation. Relation between violence coping and social support(r=0.30, p<.001) was positive correlation, and social support and burnout(r=-0.28, p<.001) was negative correlated. Also we found out that nursing job satisfaction, social support and physical violence experience affect burnout. Which shows model's explanatory power was 33.3%. Therefore preventive discipline which can reduce violence experience of psychiatry nurses, founding systems to reinforce social support and creating circumstance where nursing job satisfaction can increase will help reduce burnout and serve better nursing.