• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.39 no.5 s.262
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• pp.376-381
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• 2006

Background: The Ki-67 protein is a biomarker associated with cell proliferation and a valuable negative prognostic factor in non-small cell lung cancer. We investigated the Ki-67 protein expression in resected non-small cell lung cancer to evaluate the impact on clinicopathological characteristics and postoperative prognosis. Material and Method: Using monoclonal antibody Ki-67, we immunohistochemically examined 38 surgically resected non-small ceil lung cancers to determine Ki-67 Labeling Index (LI). We analysed the differences of clinicopathological characteristics and postoperative recurrence and survival between High Ki-67 Group $(LI{\ge}20%)$ and Low Ki-67 Group (LI<20%). Result: The Ki-67 LIs were heterogenous and a mean values was $20.0{\pm}20.05%$. There were no significant differences in age, sex, smoking, TNM stage, and vascular invasion between High Ki-67 Group and Low Ki-67 Group. A High Ki-67 Group was significantly associated with squamous cell type, poor differentiation, and lymphatic invasion $(p{\le}0.05)$. High Ki-67 Group showed a trend of lower survival (median 47.2 vs. 90.5 months, p=0.312) and lower disease-free survival (median 18.2 vs. 72.3 months, p=0.327) than Low Ki-67 Group. Conclusion: These results indicate that increased Ki-67 protein expression may be a negative prognostic factor and showed a trend of shortened survival and disease-free survival. To evaluate the pivotal role of Ki-67 protein expression, a long-term follow-up and further study are required.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.447-455
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• 1995

The purpose of the present study is to assess nutrient content for providing nutrition information such as nutrition labeling on Korean dishes in restaurant and food service institutions. The content of nutrients was calculated in recipies used to prepare dishes which has been frequently consumed in such four groups as the literature, foodservice institutions of industries, restaurants, and households. The numbers of dishes surveyed were 15. Total numbers of literture used for recipies analysis are 20. Recipies used in foodservice institutions of industries were abstracted from the journal 'Guk-Min Young-Yang' published in Korea dietetic association and obtained with the help of dietitians working in those institutions. Also, recipies has been using in restaurants were given from the Korea restaurant association. Recipies in households was calculated from the secondary analysis of the Korean National Nutrition Survey. Nutrient content from foods except steamed rice and side dishes in each dish was calculated using data of Korean food composition table published. The content of energy and protein in 'Gal-bi tang' (beef-rib soup) were highest in recipes used at restaurants, vitamin C in recipes of food service institutions of industries due to the generous use of meats and vegetables than other recipies. 'Doen-jang chigae' (soybean paste stew) showed the lowest content of energy in results analyzing recipes presented on the literature and varied protein level by four groups for difference of protein source used. The content of energy in 'Gop-chang jeongol' (small intestines stew) is 150 kcal more than 'Soegogi jeongol' (beef stew) in general. The energy level of 'Daeji-galbi' jim (braised pork ribs) and 'Dak jim' (braised chicken) turned out to be the highest in recipies presented on literature. Variation of each nutrient content including energy and protein was relatively high, since some of foods used in 'Pibimbab' (mixed rice) varied with four groups. Amounts of energy and protein in 'Naeng-myeun' (cold noodles) is the highest in recipies of foodservice institution of industries because much amounts of noodle and meats were used comparing to other groups. The average content of energy in 'Pulgogi' (grilled meat with sauce) was 50% to Korea recommended amounts of one meal, 833.3 kcal. Content of vitamin $B_1$ in 'Jeuk pyeunuk' (boiled pork), which is made of pork meat, was higher than other dishes. The ingredients of frequently consumed Korean dishes were highly variable among the four groups which inevitably results in variation of nutrient content in each dishes. The high variation of nutrient content in each dish according to study requires careful collecting of the large number of recipies in presenting representative nutrient content for nutrition labeling on dishes in restaurant and food service institutions effectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.202-213
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• 1985

The protein nutritional quality of foods has become an important factor to food processors with the advent of nutritional labeling regulations for foods. Then, as is true today, the officially approved assay for protein nutritional quality was the rat based protein efficiency ratio(PER) bioassay. The PER bioassay requires a minimum of 28 days to performe, and is therefore not applicable to routine quality assurance use by the food industry. Within the past ten years there has been a research emphasis placed on the development of rapid, inexpensive, biological and/or chemical based assays for protein nutritional quality. It was hoped that if a rapid assay could be developed and thoroughly tested, it could be used in lieu of the PER bioassay in the day-to-day quality assurance screening of food ingredients and products. The rapid assays developed in the hope of attaining this goal have been based on microorganisms, proteolytic enzymes, and amino acid profiles, as well as combinations of the above. In this review, it will be described and briefly discussed many of procedures which had contributed conceptually as well as practically to the development of in vitro methods for the evaluation of protein quality. Special emphasis will be placed on the C-PER(computed protein efficiency ratio) assay which combines data from in vitro protease digestion and amino acid composition to predict protein nutritional quality designed by Satterlee et al. (1980), and the DC-PER(discriminant computed PER) which is a method of estimating protein quality based on rat assay and in vitro digestibility obtained using solely essential amino acid data will be also introduced.

• BMB Reports
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.269-274
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• 2003

In the fight against cancer, novel chemotherapeutic agents are constantly being sought to complement existing drugs. Various studies have presented evidence that the apoptosis that is induced by these anticancer agents is implicated in tumor regression, and Bcl-2 family genes play a part in apoptosis following treatment with various stimuli. Here, we present data that a styrylpyrone derivative (SPD) that is extracted from the plant Goniothalamus sp. showed cytotoxic effects on the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. SPD significantly increased apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, as visualized by phase contrast microscopy and evaluated by the Tdt-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling assay and nuclear morphology. Western blotting and immunostaining revealed up-regulation of the proapoptotic Bax protein expression. SPD, however, did not affect the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-2. These results, therefore, suggest SPD as a potent cytotoxic agent on MCF-7 cells by inducing apoptosis through the modulation of Bax levels.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.3699-3703
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• 2013

Background: This study aimed to show the localization of estrogen / progesterone receptors, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her-2) and protein 53 (p53) by immunohistochemistry in a series of consecutive breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods: The study covered invasive breast cancers from 299 patients presenting at the Oncogenetic Clinic and Pathology Centers of Ahwaz Jondishapour University of Medical Sciences Hospital in Iran during the time period from 2009 to 2011. The Scarff-Bloom Richardson scoring method was used. Results: Of the 299, 27% (80/299) were <40, 33% (100/299) were 41-50, and the remaining 40% (119/299) were>50 years old. The highest incidence of breast cancer in this study population was in the group of more than 50 year age, and the most common histological type of breast cancer was the invasive ductal carcinoma, which accounted for 68% (203/299) of the cases. Out of possible total of 207, 6% (13/207), 41% (85/207), and 53% (109/207) were scored as grade I, II, III, respectively. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated a lack of association between labeling for the markers studied and tumor size and age of the patients. We confirmed an association between ER labeling and nuclear grade of breast cancer. The conflicting results obtained compared with the literature be because of differences in the immunohistochemical techniques applied in the various studies and to the scoring systems used.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.71-76
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• 2005

The mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (Mes V) contains cell bodies of primary afferent sensory neurons that relay proprioceptive information from the periodontium and masticatory muscles and function as typical sensory neurons or potentially as integrative interneurons. In the present study, we studied these two potential functions using combined experimental approaches of retrograde labeling and whole cell patch clamp recording. Mes V neurons that presumably originate from periodontal nerve fibers in subsets of Mes V nucleus were identified by retrograde labeling with a fluorescent dye, DiI, which was applied onto inferior alveolar nerve. These cells were elliptical perikarya shaped cells about $40{\mu}m$ in diameter. In these neurons, we measured high voltage-activated calcium channel (HVACC) currents. $GABA_B$ agonist, baclofen, inhibited calcium currents, and the HVACC currents inhibition by baclofen was voltage-dependent, exhibited prepulse facilitation, indicating that it was mediated by $G_i/_G_o$ protein. Taken together, our results demonstrate that Mes V neurons not only have cell bodies originating from periodontium, but also receive synaptic inputs including GABAergic neurons suggesting that Mes V neurons function as both primary sensory neurons and integrative interneurons.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.237-251
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• 2002

The recent progress on metabolic systems engineering was reviewed based on our recent research results in terms of (1) metabolic signal flow diagram approach, (2) metabolic flux analysis (MFA) in particular with intracellular isotopomer distribution using NMR and/or GC-MS, (3) synthesis and optimization of metabolic flux distribution (MFD), (4) modification of MFD by gene manipulation and by controlling culture environment, (5) metabolic control analysis (MCA), (6) design of metabolic regulation structure, and (7) identification of unknown pathways with isotope tracing by NMR. The main characteristics of metabolic engineering is to treat metabolism as a network or entirety instead of individual reactions. The applications were made for poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) production using Ralstonia eutropha and recombinant Escherichia coli, lactate production by recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae, pyruvate production by vitamin auxotrophic yeast Toluropsis glabrata, lysine production using Corynebacterium glutamicum, and energetic analysis of photosynthesic microorganisms such as Cyanobateria. The characteristics of each approach were reviewed with their applications. The approach based on isotope labeling experiments gives reliable and quantitative results for metabolic flux analysis. It should be recognized that the next stage should be toward the investigation of metabolic flux analysis with gene and protein expressions to uncover the metabolic regulation in relation to genetic modification and/ or the change in the culture condition.

• Journal of Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Probes
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.54-58
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• 2017

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF MS) is one of the powerful methods that enable analysis of small molecules as well as large molecules up to about 500,000 Da without severe fragmentation. MALDI-TOF MS, thus, has been a very useful an analytical tool for the confirmation of synthetic molecules, probing PTMs, and identifying structures of a given protein. In recent nuclear medicine, MALDI-TOF MS liner ion mode helps researcher calculate the average number of chelator(or linkage) per an antibody conjugate, such as DOTA-(or DFO-) trastuzumab for labeling a medical radioisotope. This simple technique can be utilized to improve the labeling method and control the quality at the development of antibody-based radiopharmaceuticals, which is very effected to diagnosis and therapy for in vivo tumor cells, with radioisotopes like $^{89}Zr$, $^{64}Cu$, and 177Lu. To minimize the error, MALDI-TOF MS measurement is repeatedly performed for each sample in this study, and external calibration is carried out after data collection.

• BMB Reports
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.458-463
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• 1995

Two apparent rho-independent transcription terminator structures within the coding sequence of aceK have been destroyed to access their roles in the differential expression between aceA and aceK in the glyoxylate bypass operon of E. coli. The effect of mutations on the expression of aceK was evaluated in two different ways: one by maxicell labeling and the other by lacZ fusion gene construction. The maxicell labeling experiment with the mutant operon clones has failed, like that of the wild type operon clone, to visibly show isocitrate dehrogenase (IDH) kinase/phosphatase, the product of aceK, on the autoradiogram of a protein gel. When the same mutations were introduced into an aceK::lacZ fusion gene to quantitatively evaluate the mutational effect, the activity of ${\beta}-galactosidase$ in neither of the mutant versions of the fusion gene was elevated significantly enough to explain the degree of polarity observed in this region. Thus, we conclude that neither of these intragenic, apparent rho-independent transcription terminator structures, which have long been suspected as a major determinant in the down regulation of aceK, really act as a premature transcriptional terminator.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.1773-1778
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• 2008

Two experiments were carried out to study the effects of corticosterone (CORT) administration on intestinal morphology and function of broilers. In both experiments, birds were randomly divided into two equal groups. One group was the control group (CTRL), and the birds were fed with a basal diet. The other was the experimental group (CORT), and the birds were fed with the basal diet plus 30 mg of CORT/kg diet. At 21 days of age, performance, morphological characteristics of intestine, D-xylose level in plasma, activities of digestive enzymes in digesta, digestibility of nutrients and 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdUrd)-labeling index of intestinal epithelial cells were determined. CORT administration decreased feed intake, daily gain and feed conversion ratio (p<0.05). CORT also decreased duodenal and jejunal villus height (p<0.05) as well as crypt depth (p<0.05). The D-xylose level in plasma of CORT-treated broilers was lower than that of the control (p<0.05). CORT treatment caused a decrease in apparent digestibility of protein (p<0.05), whereas fat and starch apparent digestibilities were unaffected (p>0.05). CORT administration increased activities of trypsin and amylase (p<0.05), and decreased BrdUrd-labeling index of duodenal and jejunal epithelial cells (p<0.05). In conclusion, CORT administration impaired the normal morphology and absorptive capacity of the small intestine of broiler chickens.