• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.133-139
• /
• 2005

Oxidative stress is one of the major causes of failure in in vitro storage of boar semen. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to be important mediators of such stress. The present study examined the effects of pyruvate and taurine on sperm motility and expression of BAD, Cytochrome c, Caspase-3 and Cox-2 protein in in vitro storage of boar semen, and tested the effect of semen treated with antioxidant with or without hydrogen peroxide on the development of IVM/IVF porcine embryos. Semen samples were transported to the laboratory at $17^{\circ}C$ within 2 hr after collection and were treated with different concentration of pyruvate $(1\~10mM)$ and taurine $(25\~100mM)$ with or without 250uM $H_2O_2$ respectively. The supplementation of pyruvate and taurine increased sperm motility in boar semen during in vitro incubation at $37^{\circ}C$. Expression of apoptosis protein (BAD, cytochrome c, caspase-3 and cox-2) were reduced in the group of boar semen treated with pyruvate and taurine when compared to the other groups. The developmental rates of IVM/IVF porcine embryos fertilized by semen treated with pyruvate and taurine were significantly increased when compared to control (P<0.005). These results indicate that supplementation of pyruvate and taurine as antioxidants in boar semen extender can improve the semen quality and increase in vitro development of porcine IVM/IVF embryos when boar semen treated with antioxidants was used for in vitro fertilization.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.399-404
• /
• 2007

To elucidate the efficacy of different levels of microbial-fermented soy proteins (FSP) on piglet performance, a total of 240 weaned piglets ($L{\times}Y{\times}D$, $22{\pm}3$ d of age, $5.16{\pm}0.07$ kg initial BW) were allotted to 4 treatment diets comprising control, FSP-3%, FSP-6% and FSP-9%. The fermented soybean product named $Pepsoygen^{(R)}$ was utilized for the study. There were 15 pigs per pen and 4 pens per treatment. The control diet contained 15% soybean meal (SBM), and SBM for the treatment diets was replaced at 3, 6 and 9% with FSP, respectively. Experimental diets were fed from 0 to 14 d (phase-I) after weaning and then a common commercial diet was fed from 15 to 35 d (phase-II). There was a linear (p<0.05) increase in ADG and ADFI at both phases of measurement. The feed to gain ratio was also improved, showing a linear (p<0.01) trend as the level of supplementation increased. Except for phosphorus, the digestibility of all other nutrients was improved linearly (p<0.05) in the FSP added diets. However, villous height and crypt depth were not affected by dietary treatments. No special effect on intestinal morphology was noticed between FSP-added and control diets. In conclusion, the growth, digestibility of nutrients and morphological changes in weaned pigs fed FSP showed improved performance at higher levels of supplementation.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.25 no.6
• /
• pp.367-374
• /
• 2017

Background: An imbalance in energy intake and expenditure can cause obesity, which is a major risk factor for chronic diseases such as heart disease, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, cancers and hyperlipidemia. Methods and Results: In this study, we evaluated the anti-obesity effects of a water extract from the young leaves of barley sprout (BS) in 3T3-L1 cells and in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice (HF). Lipid accumulation measurement indicates that BS markedly inhibited adipogenesis by reducing lipid droplet production in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of adipogenic transcription factors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-${\gamma}$ and fatty acid synthetase, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-${\alpha}$ and fatty acid binding protein 4 in 3T3-L1 cells was significantly inhibited by BS treatment. In an in vivo test, the BS-administered group of HFD-induced mice showed less body weight gain, and lower liver and epididymal white adipose tissue weights. The BS-treated mice showed decreased serum levels of leptin and lipids compared to untreated HFD mice and the levels of adiponectin and the HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio increased. These results indicate that BS inhibits body fat accumulation by reducing the mRNA expression of lipogenesis transcription factors and increasing serum adipokine concentration in in vitro and in vivo tests. Conclusions: BS reduced high fat diet-induced weight gain and had a positive effect on dyslipidemia.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.37 no.6
• /
• pp.607-618
• /
• 2021

The pepper anthracnose fungus, Colletotrichum scovillei, causes severe losses of pepper fruit production in the tropical and temperate zones. RAC1 is a highly conserved small GTP-binding protein in the Rho GT-Pase family. This protein has been demonstrated to play a role in fungal development, and pathogenicity in several plant pathogenic fungi. However, the functional roles of RAC1 are not characterized in C. scovillei causing anthracnose on pepper fruits. Here, we generated a deletion mutant (𝜟Csrac1) via homologous recombination to investigate the functional roles of CsRAC1. The 𝜟Csrac1 showed pleiotropic defects in fungal growth and developments, including vegetative growth, conidiogenesis, conidial germination and appressorium formation, compared to wild-type. Although 𝜟Csrac1 was able to develop appressoria, it failed to differentiate appressorium pegs. However, 𝜟Csrac1 still caused anthracnose disease with significantly reduced rate on wounded pepper fruits. Further analyses revealed that 𝜟Csrac1 was defective in tolerance to oxidative stress and suppression of host-defense genes. Taken together, our results suggest that CsRAC1 plays essential roles in fungal development and pathogenicity in C. scovilleipepper fruit pathosystem.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
• /
• 2002.06a
• /
• pp.91-91
• /
• 2002

There are many methods to introduce exogenous DNA into embryo for the purpose of producing transgenic animals. Exogenous gene can be integrated into oocyte as a form of sperm vector. In this study, sperm was used as a vector for transgene that is enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). The objective of this study was to investigate the expression of exogenous gene in bovine embryos after injection of spermatozoa cocultured with EGFP fragment. Spermatozoa were plunged into liquid nitrogen and thawed several times or shaked in 0.2% Triton X-100 to remove sperm membrane which followed by DTT treatment. (omitted)

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2002.11b
• /
• pp.54-54
• /
• 2002

The nucleotide sequence of a Korea isolate of broad bean wilt favavirus from Rehmannia glutinosa Lib., designated BBWV-RE, was determined. Direct amino acid sequencing of the virus coat proteins suggests that a comparison of several favaviruses in terms of nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequences showed that BBWV-2 isolates display high sequence identity. The small coat protein genes of RNA-2 were also determined for three other Japanese isolates(E, L, and 1-2) and two ATCC isolates(PV132 and PV176) of BBWV. the CP sequence suggested distinct evolution lineages. Serotype 2 favaviruses are more prevalent in Asia, Australia and North America, Wheres serotype 1 is more prevalent in europe.(중략)

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.591-597
• /
• 2009

Egg white protein (EWP) was glycated with maltopentaose (MP) through the Maillard reaction and subsequently phosphorylated by $85^{\circ}C$ dry-heating at pH 4.0 for 1 d in the presence of pyrophosphate. The functional properties of glycated, phosphorylated EWP were compared with those of native EWP and with EWP which was phosphorylated by dry-heating in the presence of pyrophosphate under the same conditions. The phosphorus content of EWP was increased to ~0.60% by phosphorylation, and to ~0.74% by glycation with MP and subsequent phosphorylation. The electrophoretic mobility of EWP increased through phosphorylation. The stability of EWP against heat-induced insolubility at pH 7.0 was considerably improved by phosphorylation alone and further by phosphorylation after glycation. The anti-ovalbumin antibody response was reduced significantly by glycation and phosphorylation, and further reduced by phosphorylation after glycation. The anti-ovomucoid antibody response was reduced significantly by glycation, phosphorylation and phosphorylation after glycation. The calcium phosphate-solubilizing ability of EWP was enhanced by both phosphorylation methods.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.35 no.5
• /
• pp.653-659
• /
• 2015

High-protein fermented whey beverage (FWB) was manufactured using whey protein concentrate (WPC) and Lactobacillus plantarum DK211 isolated from kimchi. This study was designed to evaluate the anti-obesity activity of FWB in male rats fed a high-fat diet. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to three groups (n=8 per group). The three groups differed in their diet; one group received a normal diet (ND), another, a high-fat diet (HD), and the third, a HD plus fermented whey beverage (HDFWB), for 4 wk. Supplementation with FWB (the HDFWB group) prevented weight gain and body fat accumulation. The food intake in the HDWFB group was significantly lower (p<0.05) than that of the HD group. The HDWFB group also showed a significant decrease in organ weights (p<0.05), except for the weight of the testis. There was a significant decrease in total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides in the HDFWB group compared with the HD group (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference in serum HDL-cholesterol levels among the experimental groups. Rats ingesting FWB (the HDFWB group) also showed a significant decrease in blood glucose levels, and plasma levels of insulin, leptin, and ghrelin compared to HD group (p<0.05). These results indicate that FWB has beneficial effects on dietary control, weight control, and reduction in fat composition and serum lipid level; consequently, it may provide antiobesity and hypolipidemic activity against high fat diet-induced obesity in rats.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.307-313
• /
• 2005

Thiobacillus ferrooxidans is one of the most important bacterium used in bioleaching, and can utilize $Fe^{2+}$ or sulphide as energy source. Growth curves for Thiobacillus ferrooxidans have been tested, which show lag, logarithmic, stationary and aging phases as seen in other bacteria. The logarithmic phases were from 10 to 32 hours for Thiobacillus ferrooxidans cultivated with $Fe^{2+}$ and from 4 to 12 days for Thiobacillus ferrooxidans cultivated with elemental sulphur. Differences of protein patterns of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans growing on elemental sulphur and $Fe^{2+}$ separately were investigated after cultivation at $30^{\circ}C$ by the analysis of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization (MALDI)-Mass spectrometry and ESI-MS/MS. From the 7 identified protein spots, 11 spots were found more abundant when growing on elemental sulphur. By contrast 6 protein spots were found decreased at elemental cultivation condition. Among the proteins identified, cytochrome C have been previously identified as necessary elements of electron-transfering pathway for Thiobacillus ferrooxidans to oxidize $Fe^{2+}$; ATP synthase alpha chain and beta are expressed increased when Thiobacillus ferrooxidans cultivated with $Fe^{2+}$ as energy source. ATP synthase Beta chain is the catalytic subunit, and ATP synthase alpha chain is a regulatory subunit. The function of ATPase produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
• /
• v.11D no.4
• /
• pp.845-854
• /
• 2004

Motif databases are used in the function and structure prediction of proteins. The frequency of use about these databases increases continuously because of protein sequence data growth. Recently, many researches about motif resource integration are proceeding. However, existing motif databases were developed independently, thus these databases have a heterogeneous search result problem. Database intnegration for this problem resolution has a periodic update problem, a complex query process problem, a duplicate database entry handling problem and BML support problem. Therefore, in this paper, we suppose a database resource integration method for these problem resolution, describe periodically integrated database update method and XML transformation. finally, we estimate the implementation of our prototype and a case database.