• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.487-493
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• 1998

In the previous study we described the antitumor effect of GLB, a protein-polysaccharide fraction separated from the growing tips of Ganoderma lucidum, against sarcoma 18 0 solid tumor in ICR mice. In this study, we separated an acidic protein-polysaccharide fraction, GLB-A, and a basic protein-polyaccharide fraction, GLB-B, from GLB by differential precipitation, and elucidated their antitumor and immunomodulatory activities. When ip injected at the dose of 50mg/kg/day into the ICR mice, GLB-A and GLB-B inhibited the growth of ip implantated sarcoma 180 cells by 32.4% and 21.0%, respectively. Of these, GLB-A increased the % lymphoblast in the spleen of the tumor-bearing and the normal mice by 20.9% and 123.0%, and the CD4/CD8 ratio by 73.3% and 22.4%, respectively. GLB-A also increased the expression of CD25 (IL-2 receptor alpha ch0ain) in normal mice by 82.0%. These results strongly suggest that GLB-A is a promising candidate for antitumor immunomodulatory medicine.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.327-332
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• 2014

The purpose of the current study was to determine the effects of the introduction of polysaccharide chains onto the molecular surface of buckwheat proteins on buckwheat protein surface functionality. The whole buckwheat protein fraction (WBP) was prepared using 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.5) containing 0.5 M NaCl and covalently linked with 6 kDa, 17.5 kDa, 40 kDa, 70 kDa, or 200 kDa dextran by Maillard-type glycation through controlled dry-heating at $60^{\circ}C$ and 79% relative humidity for two weeks. Conjugation with 40 kDa dextran improved the water solubility and emulsifying properties of WBP without causing a serious loss of available lysine; 84.9% of the free amino groups were conserved. In addition, we found that the introduction of dextran chains onto the molecular surfaces of WBP attenuated the antigenicity of WBP.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.149-156
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• 2023

Milk protein is often fractionated/concentrated by using various techniques in dairy industries. Among these techniques, ultrafiltration (UF) is particularly efficient at concentrating the casein fraction of milk protein. The objectives of this study were to produce casein hydrolysates by concentrating the casein fraction in skim milk using the UF technique and to investigate the chemical composition of the casein hydrolysates. The skim milk was concentrated using a UF laboratory test unit equipped with 10 kDa and 30 kDa membranes. After UF, the protein content of the milk was concentrated up to ~7.2% and the Ca was concentrated up to ~196 mg/100 g of milk. Trypsin was then added to the concentrated skim milk to produce the casein hydrolysates. The results of sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the casein fraction was not present after hydrolysis, indicating that casein in the milk had been hydrolyzed. The Ca content in the casein hydrolysates was much higher (p<0.05) compared to Ca content in commercial casein phosphopeptides (CPP) indicating that was acidified during the manufacture of commercial CPP. In conclusion, it seems that casein hydrolysates containing large concentrations of protein and Ca can also be made from concentrated UF milk without acidification or renneting.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.75-78
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• 1974

An experiment has been carried out in order to analyze the main components of Korean Cattles' milk, and fractionate the milk protein by DEAE-cellulose column. The results obtained were summarized as follow. 1) The average values of specific gravity, pH and acidity of Korean Cattles milk which were negative in alcohol test were 1,036, 6.4 and 0.21, respectively. 2) The average values of total solids, solids-not-fat, protein, lactose and ash contents of Korean Cattles milk were 11.61%, 9.53%, 2.08%, 3.99%, 4.76% and 0.86%, respectively. 3) Distribution of casein, whey protein, N.P.N., protein precipitated in 12% TCA, lactoglobulin and lactalbumin contents of the milk were 3.07%, 1.13%, 0.10%, 4.06%, 0.34% and 0.66%, respectively. 4) Acid casein obtained from Korean Cattles milk was fractionated into four fractions on DEAE-cellulose column with 0.005M tris-citrate buffer containing 6M urea, pH 8.6, and the ratio of the fraction I, II, III and IV was 3.24%, 52.67%, 26.22% and 17.87%, respectively. 5) Whey protein obtained from Korean Cattles milk was also fractionated into four fractions on DEAE-cellulose column with 0.04M phosphate buffer, pH 5.8, and the ratio of the fraction I, II, III and IV was 41.74%, 10.17%, 1.50% and 46.59%, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.22-28
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• 1968

Chlorella ellipsoidea cells were cultured in an iron, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum or boron-free medium. Biosynthetic activities of nucleic acids, protein and phospholipid in chlorella cells, which were growing in a microelement deficient medium were compared with those of the normal cells by measuring the contents of phosphate, amino acids or UV-absorbing substances in the various cell fractions. When the algae were grown in a molybdenum-free medium, the amounts of phosphate in the acid-soluble fraction of the cells increased, whereas the amounts of alkali-stable protein and RNA decreased compared with the normal cells showing that the synthesis of protein and RNA from the early products of photosynthesis was inhibited. When the algae were grown in a boron-free medium, amounts of alkali-labile protein and phospholipid of the cells decreased, while the amount of phosphate in acid-soluble fraction increased compared with the normal cells showing that the biosynthesis of protein and phospholipid from the early products of photosynthesis was retarded. In general, amounts of protein and RNA in the microelement deficient cells significantly decreased compared with those of the normal cells. Phosphate content in the acid-soluble fraction of the algal cell grown in an zinc, copper, molybdenum, or boron-free medium increased considerably, whereas that of the algal cell grown in an iron or manganese-free medium decreased remarkably compared with that of the control. It is considered, therefore, that molybdenum, zinc, copper and boron etc. play an important role in the biosyntbesis of macromolecule from acid-soluble phosphate compounds, in contrast to the principal action of iron and manganese on the photosynthetic process itself.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.341-347
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• 1990

The anti-hepatotoxic activity of Panax ginseng was studied using galactosamine (GalN)-induced cytotoxicity in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. Panax ginseng was fractionated into dammarane glycosides and protein fractions. The dammarane glycosides was further fractionated into panaxadiol and panaxatriol glycosides fractions. The protein fraction was further fractionated into four groups according to the molecular weight; larger than 10,000 dalton, between 5,000 and 10,000 dalton, between 1,000 and 5,000 dalton and between 500 and 1,000 dalton. A significant lowering action on the elevated glutamicpyruvic transaminase (GPT) activity in the culture medium of hepatocytes treated with 1.5 mM GalN was noticed with all four protein fractions studied at the concentration of both $50\;{\mu}g/ml$ and $100\;{\mu}g/ml$. However, the effect of dammarane glycosides fractions was not significant. It was noted that the addition of $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ of protein fractions smaller than 5,000 dalton significantly enhanced the syntheses of protein and RNA in the damaged hepatocytes induced by the treatment of 1.5 mM GalN. Dammarane glycosides fractions significantly enhanced protein synthesis at the concentration of $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ in the damaged hepatocytes by treatment of 1.5 mM GalN.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.355-361
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• 2001

A Chromate tolerant strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from the effluent of a tannery showed significant enzymatic activity of chromate reduction. Cells grown in chromate-supplemented medium reduced 8 $\mu\textrm{g}$ chromate/mg protein/h in the presence of NADH/NADPH. The chromate reducing activity was inducible as cells pregrown in chromate showed higher chromate reduction. In contrast, the periplasmic fraction of cells gown in chromate reduce $75\%$ chromate in 4 h and the spheroplast fraction failed to do so, indicating that chromate reductase may be located in the periplasm. The presence of a 30 kDa protein in the periplasmic extracts of cells grown in the presence of chromate, but its absence of the protein in cells grown without chromate, points out a possible role of this protein in chromate reduction.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.490-498
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• 1993

To find antitumor components in the hot water extract from the basidiocarps of Hypsizigus mamomus. protein-bound polysaccharides were purified and fractionated by DEAE-cellulose ion exchange column chromatography and Sepharose CL-4B gel filtration chromatography. When a dose of 20 mg/kg/day was injected intraperitoneally into ICR mice. fraction IV of the component showed the highest inhibition ratio of 73.8% against the count of hemolytic plaque forming cells in mice to 3.2 times. when IV was about 30 KD and the fraction was composed of 76.1% polysaccharide and 4.9% protein. The hexosamine was detected in all the fractions, showing that the polysaccharide and protein moieties were bound each other.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.249-258
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• 1994

This study was carried out to investigate the inhibitory effects of vitamin E on the oxidative damage of cellular lipids and proteins in free radical reaction induced by $FeCl_3$, and ascorbic acid. In this experiment, a vitamin E treated rat group was administered with 100mg/kg body weight of $dl-{\alpha}-tocophery$ 1 acetate and an untreated rat group was administered with the same volume of corn oil. And then assays of malondialdehyde and carbonyl group in total homogenate, mitochondrial and microsomal fraction of rat liver were carried out at the scheduled time. The results obtained from this study were summarized as follows; 1. Lipid peroxidation levels in vitamin E administered rat liver cells were significantly (p<0.05) decreased at the intervals between 1 hour and 4 hours in liver homogenate, at all times except for 1 hour point in mitochondrial fraction, and also at the intervals between 0.5 hour and 3 hours in microsomal fraction compared with those of the control rat liver cell. 2. Protein oxidation levels in vitamin E administered rat liver cell were also significantly (p<0.05) decreased at the intervals between 1.5 hours and 4 hours in liver homogenate, at over 4 hours in liver mitochondrial fraction, and at the intervals between 0.5 hour and 3 hours in liver microsomal fraction compared with those of the control rat liver cells.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.337-345
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• 2001

A Cd-binding protein was identified in the renal cytosol of the Antarctic clam Laternula elliptica which naturally contains high concentrations of Cd. The Cd-binding protein showed similar characteristics of metallothionein (MT) in molecular weight (about 10-12 kDa) and low spectral absorbance at 280 nm with relatively high absorbance at 254nm. Results of immuno-histochemical staining suggested that the MT-like Cd-binding protein was mainly located in the epithelial cells of the kidney. The MT-like protein was a major ligand of cytosolic Cd as shown in the elution profiles of chromatography and may play an important role in Cd sequestration and accumulation in L. elliptica kidney. A considerable amount of Cd was also found to be associated with particulate fraction, indicating the sequestration to particulate fraction is as important as binding to the cytosolic MT-like protein in Cd accumulation in the kidney.