• Title/Summary/Keyword: Protective material

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Effect of Humidified High Flow CO2 Gas Insufflation on the Coronary Endothelium (가습화한 고유량의 이산화탄소가스 통기가 관상동맥 내피세포층에 미치는 영향)

  • 최재성;김준성;서정욱;김기봉
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.37 no.2
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    • pp.131-138
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    • 2004
  • High-flow gas insufflation to get a bloodless field during off-pump coronary artery bypass may have adverse effects on the coronary endothelium. This study was designed (1) to elucidate the effect of carbon dioxide gas insufflations on the coronary endothelium at different flow rates and (2) to assess the protective effect of humidifcation against the coronary endothelial damage. Material and Method: In nine pigs, the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was exposed after a median sternotomy. The LAD was divided into 4 segments and a coronary arteriotomy was made in each LAD segment in the beating heart. The far distal arteriotomy was exposed to room air for 10 minutes and was harvested as a control. Non-humidified carbon dioxide gas at a continuous flow rate of 5 L/min (Group I), humidified carbon dioxide gas at a continuous flow rate of 5 L/min (Group II), and humidified carbon dioxide gas at a continuous flow rate of 10 L/min (Group III) were insufflated for 10 minutes on each coronary arteriotomy site, respectively. After harvesting the coronary segments, hematoxylin-eosin staining, elastic fiber staining, and immunostaining with a CD34 monoclonal antibody were performed to evaluate the depth of endothelial damage and to count the residual endothelial cells, Result: In all three groups (Group I, II, and III), internal elastic laminae were preserved, however, the endothelial layers were significantly damaged by carbon dioxide gas insufflation. The mean percentages of remaining endothelial cells were 20,9±16.7%, 39.3±19.6%, and 6.8±5.3%, in groups I, II, and III, respectively. The percentages of remaining cells were significantly higher in group II than in groups I and III (p=0.008). The percentages of remaining cells were significantly higher in group I than in group III (p=0.008). Conclusions: The harmful effect of carbon dioxide gas insufflation on the coronary endothelium was dependent on the flow rate. The addition of humidification did not protect the coronary endothelium from denudation injury caused by high flow carbon dioxide gas insufflations.

Material Characteristics and Deterioration Assessment of the Stone Buddhas and Shrine in Unjusa Temple, Hwasun, Korea (화순 운주사 석조불감의 재질특성과 풍화훼손도 평가)

  • Park, Sung-Mi;Lee, Myeong-Seong;Choi, Seok-Won;Lee, Chan-Hee
    • Journal of Conservation Science
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    • v.24
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    • pp.23-36
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    • 2008
  • The stone Buddhas and Shrine of Unjusa temple (Korea Treasure No. 797) in Hwasun formed in Koryo Dynasty are unique style which the Buddha faces each other the back parts of south and north within the stone Shrine. The stone Buddhas and Shrine are highly evaluated in historical, artistic and academic respects. But, the stone properties have been exposed in the open system various aspects of degradations weathered for a long time without specific protective facilities. The rock materials of the stone Buddhas and Shrine are about 47 blocks, and total press load is about 56.6 metric ton. The host rocks composed mainly of white grey hyaline lithic tuff and rhyolitic tuff breccia. In addition, biotite granite used as part during the restoration works. The chemical index of alteration for host tuffaceous rocks and the replacement granites range from 52.1 to 59.4 and 50.0 to 51.0, respectively. Weathering types for the stone Buddhas and Shrine were largely divided with physical, chemical and biological weathering to make a synthetic deterioration map according to aspects of damage, and estimate share as compared with surface area. Whole deterioration degrees are represented that physical weathering appeared exfoliation. Chemical weathering is black coloration and biological weathering of grey lichen, which show each lighly deterioration degrees. According to deterioration degree by direction of stone Buddhas and Shrine, physical weathering mostly appeared by 39.1% on the sorthern part, and chemical weathering is 61.2% high share on the western part. Biological weathering showed 38.3% the largest distribution on the southern part. Therefore, it is necessary to try hardening for the parts with serious cracks or exfoliations, remove secondary contaminants and organisms through regular cleaning. Also necessary to make a plan to remove moisture of the ground which causes weathering, and estimate that need established and scientific processing through clinical demonstration of conservation plan that chooses suitable treatment.

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Protective Effect of Dendropanax morbifera Leaf Extract on CCl4-induced Oxidative Damage in HepG2 Cells (사염화탄소로 유발된 산화적 손상에 대한 황칠나무 잎 추출물의 간세포 보호 효과)

  • Park, Se-Ho;Lee, Jae-Yeul;Jhee, Kwang-Hwan;Yang, Seun-Ah
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.370-378
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    • 2020
  • This study aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of Dendropanax morbifera (D. morbifera) leaf hot-water extract on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-treated HepG2 cells. Treatment with D. morbifera leaf hot-water extract increased the cell viability of CCl4-treated HepG2 cells without inducing cytotoxicity. The levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) released by CCl4-treated cells were 27.6 U/L and 52.4 U/L, respectively, and were significantly higher than those in untreated control cells (10.0 U/L and 15.2 U/L, respectively). Moreover, the level of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) was 5.4 times higher, while that of glutathione was 44.0% lower in CCl4-treated cells than in control cells. However, treatment with D. morbifera leaf hot-water extract resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in the levels of ALT, AST, and GGT, and an increase in the level of glutathione. Moreover, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in CCl4-treated HepG2 cells was effectively reduced after treatment with D. morbifera leaf hot-water extract. Additionally, overproduction of intracellular lipids induced by CCl4 treatment was effectively inhibited by D. morbifera leaf hot-water extract treatment. Furthermore, DCFDA staining showed that overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by CCl4 treatment was effectively reduced by treatment with D. morbifera leaf hot-water extract. Our results indicate that owing to its beneficial effects, D. morbifera leaf extract has considerable potential as a functional food material for liver protection.

Mycelial Culture of Lentinus edodes Alleviates Rat Liver Toxicity Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride and Ethanol (표고버섯균사체의 사염화탄소 및 알콜로 처리된 흰쥐 간기능 보호 효과)

  • Ha, Yeong-L.;Kim, Young-S.;Ahn, Chae-R.;Kweon, Jung-M.;Park, Cherl-W.;Ha, Young-K.;Kim, Jeong-O.
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.133-141
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    • 2010
  • The protective effect of a mixed powder from solid-cultured and liquid-cultured Lentinus edodes mycelia (2:1, w/w) (designate LED) on the carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)- and ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity of male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat was investigated. In the CCl4-induced rat hepatotoxicity experiment, rats of 4 groups (6 rats/group) were administere with Normal (0.2 ml distilled water), Control (0.2 ml distilled water), LED (LED 200 mg/kg BW + 0.2 ml distilled water), and Silymarin (200 mg/kg BW + 0.2 ml distilled water), p.o., daily for 2 weeks. Afterwards, all groups except for the Normal group were subjected to abdominal injection with CCl4 (CCl4 : corn oil, 1:1 v/v; 0.5 ml/kg BW). For the ethanol- induced rat hepatotoxicity experiment, rats were divided into 5 groups (5 rats/group): Normal; Pair-fed control (PFC); Control (ethanol); LED (ethanol + LED 200 mg/kg BW); and Silymarin (ethanol + silymarin 200 mg/kg BW). Rats of the Normal and PFC groups were fed a basal liquid diet, and rats of the Control, LED, and Silymarin groups were fed a liquid ethanol diet containing LED or Silymarin. Eight weeks later, blood and liver samples were collected to analyze biomarkers. In CCl4-induced SD rats, LED elevated hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH peroxidase) activities and thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS) were reduced, resulting in the reduction of glutamate-oxalate transaminase (GOT), glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) activities in plasma. Similar results of these enzymes and biochemical markers in both liver tissues and plasma were seen in ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity of SD rats. In addition, elevated alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity and reduced expression of cytochrome p450 mixed monooxygenase enzyme (CYP2E1) were seen in liver tissues from ethanol-treated rats by LED treatment. These effects of LED were similar to those of Silymarin. In in vitro experiments, LED showed antioxidant activity in a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) system and mouse liver mitochondria system induced by NADPH/Fe2+ and cumine hydroperoxide (CuOOH). These results indicate that LED protected SD rat hepatotoxicity, induced by CCl4 and ethanol, through its antioxidative activity and might be useful as a material for protection from hepatoxicity in humans.

Use of Intermittent Antegrade Warm Blood Cardioplegia in CABG (관상동맥 우회로조성술에서 간헐적 전방 온혈 심정지액의 이용)

  • 김정택;백완기;김영삼;윤용한;김혜숙;이춘수;임현경;김현태;김광호
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.36 no.11
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    • pp.828-833
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    • 2003
  • Background: It has been reported that the recently developed intermittent antegrade warm blood cardioplegia (IAWBC) has better myocardial protective effects during coronary artery bypass surgery than cold blood cardioplegia or continuos retrograde cold blood cardioplegia. The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and usefulness of IAWBC by comparing it retrospectively with intermittent retrograde cold blood cardioplegia (lRCBC). Material and Method: From April 2001 to Feb. 2003, fifty seven patients who underwent isolated coronary surgery were divided into two groups (IAWBC vs. IRCBC). The two group had similar demographic and angiographic characteristics. There were no statistical differences in age, sex, Canadian Cardiovascular Society Functional Classification for angina, ejection fraction, and number of grafts. Result: Aortic cross clamping time and total pump time in IAWBC (99±23 and vs. 126±32 min) were shorter than those of IRCBC (118±32 min. and 185±48 min.)(p<0.05). The reperfusion time (13±7 min) in IAWBC was shorter than that of IRCBC (62±109 min.)(p<0.05). CKMB at 12 hours and 24 hours (16±15 and 9±13) in IAWBC was lower than that of IRCBC (33±47 and 17±26)(p<0.05). The awakening time in IAWBC (2±1 hour) was shorter than that of IRCBC (4±3)(p<0.05). The number of spontaneous heart beat recovery in IAWBC (85%) was more than that of IRCBC (35%)(p<0.05). The cardiac index after discontinuing cardio-pulmonary bypass was significantly elevated in the IAWBC group. The prevalence of perioperative myocardial infarction in IAWBC (4%) was lower than that of IRCBC group (20%)(p<0.05). Conclusion: Intermittent antegrade warm blood cardioplegia is a safe, reliable, and effective technique for myocardial protection. It can also provide simpler and economic way than the retrograde cold cardioplegia by shortening of cardiopulmonary bypass time and avoiding retrograde cannulation for coronary sinus.

Optimal Level for the Protection of Carbon Tetrachloride-induced Sprague-Dawley Rat Liver Damage by Mycelial Cultures of Lentinus edodes (Sprague-Dawley 쥐의 사염화탄소 유도 간 손상에 대한 표고버섯균사체의 효과)

  • Jang, Wook-J.;Kim, Young-S.;Ha, Yeong-L.;Park, Cherl-W.;Ha, Young-K.;Kim, Jeong-O.
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.20 no.5
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    • pp.782-788
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    • 2010
  • The protective effects of a powder mixed with solid-cultured and liquid-cultured Lentinus edodes mycelia (2 : 1, w/w) (designate LED) with different doses of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) on induced hepatotoxicity in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats was investigated. The rats were divided into seven groups (6 rats/group) and the following substances were administered orally to each group: Vehicle (0.2 ml distilled water), Control (0.2 ml distilled water), LED (LED 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg/kg BW in 0.2 ml distilled water), and Silymarin (200 mg/Kg BW in 0.2 ml distilled water). After two weeks of daily administration, all groups except for the Vehiclegroup were subjected to abdominal injection with CCl4 (CCl4 : corn oil, 1 : 1 v/v; 0.5 ml/kg BW). One day later, blood and liver samples were collected to analyze biomarkers. All LED treatments elevated hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GSH peroxidase) activities, and reduced thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), resulting in the reduction of glutamate-oxalate transaminase (GOT), glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) activities in plasma. These results indicate that LED effectively protected SD rat hepatotoxicity induced by CCl4 through its antioxidative activity and reduction of some cytokines. The highest efficacy was found in LED 200 mg/kg BW, showing potential as a useful material for protection from hepatotoxicity in humans.

Comparative Analysis of Anti-oxidative, Anti-inflammatory, Anti-allergy, and Whitening Effects of Different Solvent Extracts from Zizania latifolia (고장초 추출 용매의 에탄올 함량에 따른 항산화, 항염증, 항알러지, 미백 활성 비교 분석)

  • Park, Se-Ho;Lee, Jae-Yeul;Yang, Seun-Ah
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.27 no.9
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    • pp.994-1002
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    • 2017
  • This study was performed to evaluate the anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergy, and whitening effects of Zizania latifolia ethanol extracts prepared from 5 different ethanol concentrations (10, 30, 50, 70, and 90%). As the ethanol concentration in the extraction solvent was increased, the radical scavenging activities also increased. The inhibitory activity of Z. latifolia ethanol extracts on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells tended to increase as the content of ethanol increased. The highest inhibitory activity was obtained with 70% ethanol extract. The antiallergy effects of Z. latifolia ethanol extracts were tested by measuring the release of βhexosaminidase in IgE-sensitized RBL-2H3 cells. The suppressive effect of Z. latifolia ethanol extracts increased in a dose-dependent manner as the proportion of ethanol increased, except for the 10% ethanol extract. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of Z. latifolia ethanol extracts against melanin production in αmelanocyte stimulated hormone (MSH)-stimulated B16F0 cells increased as the ethanol ratio increased, and 70 and 90% ethanol extracts showed similar inhibitory activities to arbutin, a positive control, at 250μm. The present study confirmed the efficacy of Z. latifolia ethanol extracts in various areas, demonstrating antioxidative, anti-inflammation, antiallergy, skin protective, and skin whitening effects, with no cytotoxicity. It could be used as a raw material in functional foods, as well as in cosmetics.

Physicochemical characteristics and physiological activities of mixture extracts from Liriope platyphylla, Schizandra chinensis, and Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (맥문동, 오미자 및 인삼 혼합추출물의 이화학적 특성 및 생리활성)

  • Gu, Yul-Ri;Hong, Joo-Heon
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.431-439
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    • 2017
  • This study was conducted to examine the antioxidant activities and physiological activities of mixture extracts (Liriope platyphylla, Schizandra chinensis and Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) with different extraction mixing ratios (MEC, 2:1:1; ME1, 1:2:1; ME2, 1:1:2; ME3, 1.34:1.33:1.33). The yield of extracts ranged from 25.33 to 33.87%. The total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents of ME1 extracts were 1.01 g/100 g, 0.07 g/100 g, respectively. The total sugar contents of MEC extract was 22.83 g/100 g, respectively. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of ME1 extracts at 1,000μg/mL were 26.79% and 21.08%. The superoxide radical scavenging and ferric-reducing antioxidant power of ME1 extracts at 1,000μg/mL were 67.83% and 295.47μM, respectively. The functionalities of extracts were investigated with L-132 and RAW264.7 cell lines. The extracts on different mixing ratios did not show the toxicity on L-132 and RAW264.7 cell line in 1002,500μg/mL. The ME1 extract of 1,000μg/mL performed better than other extracts protective effects against oxidative stess in L-132 cells (81.22%) and the ME2 extract at 1,000μg/mL decreased nitric oxide production by 7.48μM which was more potent than other extracts. There results suggest that the ME1 extracts may be a useful functional food material in the food industry.

Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Cellular Protective Effects of Lycopus lucidus Extract and Fraction (택란 추출물 및 분획물의 항산화, 항균 및 세포 보호 효과)

  • Lee, Jin Kyoung;Park, Young Min;Lee, Sang Lae;Song, Ba Reum;Lee, Yun Ju;Park, Soo Nam
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.30 no.1
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    • pp.114-121
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    • 2019
  • In this study, antioxidative, antibacterial and cytoprotective effects of the ethanol extract and ethylacetate fraction of Lycopus lucidus (L. lucidus) were compared and analyzed. Free radical scavenging activities (FSC50) of the L. lucidus extract and fraction were found to be 65.1 and 64.9μg/mL respectively. In the Fe3+EDTA/H2O2 system, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities (OSC50) for the extract and fraction were 6.6 and 6.3μg/mL, respectively which showed excellent total antioxidant abilities. The extract showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus, while the fraction showed in all the bacteria except for A. niger. The cytoprotective effect of L. lucidus extract was compared to that of the fraction and the effect against 1O2-induced cellular damage of human erythrocytes (τ50) was 51.3 and 73.7 min at 50μg/mL, respectively. For the cytoprotective effect of keratinocytes damaged by H2O2 and UVB, the extracts did not show any efficacy but showed efficacy at 12μg/mL, respectively. The fraction increased the cell viability up to 85.8 and 81.9%, respectively. As a result of intracellular ROS scavenging activity, the scavenging activity was observed at 12μg/mL of the fraction. From the results comparing the physiological activities of L. lucidus extract and the fraction, the ethylacetate fraction of L. lucidus has antioxidative effect similar to that of the extract whereas superior antimicrobial and cytoprotective effects than that of the extract. Overall, the ethylacetate fraction of L. lucidus protects cells from an external stress which can be used as a potential cosmetic material.

The Landscape Value of Asan Oeam-ri's Folk Village as Cultural Heritage (아산 외암마을 토속경관의 문화유산적 가치)

  • Shin, Sang Sup
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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    • v.44 no.1
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    • pp.30-51
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    • 2011
  • During the process of modernization, many rural villages in Korea have experienced degeneration and breakdown, losing sustainability. However, Oeam village in Asan City, South Chungcheong Province (State-designated cultural heritage, Important Folk Material No. 236) has established itself as a unique folk village, which evolves with sustainability, pursuing the revival of Neo-traditionalism. Oeam village is a tribal village of the Yis from the Yean region and has maintained environmental, economic, and social sustainability and soundness for over five centuries. Thus, the village has sustained itself well enough to be a cultural asset with 'Outstanding Universal Value', in terms of its value as world cultural heritage. The village maintains its own identity, filled with a variety of traditional and scenic cultural assets that symbolize a gentry village. Those assets include Confucian sceneries (head family houses, ancestral shrines, tombs, gravestones, commemorative monuments, and pavilions), various assets of folk religion (totem poles, protective trees at the entrance of a village, shrines for mountain spirits, village forests), tangible and intangible cultural assets related to daily lives (vigorous family activities, rigorous ancestral rituals, family rituals, collective agriculture and protection of ecosystem), which have all been well preserved and inherited. In particular, this village is an example of a well-being community with a well-preserved folksy atmosphere, which is based on environmentally sound settlements (nature + economy + environment + community) in a village established according to geomancy, East Asia's unique principle of environmental design. In addition, the village has kept the sustainability and authenticity for more than 500 years, combining restraint towards the environment and the view of the environment which respects the natural order and cultural values (capacity + healthy + sustainability). Therefore, the Oeam folk village can be a representative example of a folksy and scenic Korean community which falls into the category of IV (to exemplify an outstanding type of building, architectural or technological ensemble, or landscape which illustrates significant stages in human history) and V (to exemplify an outstanding traditional human settlement, land-use, or sea-use which is representative of cultures, or human interaction with the environment especially when it has become vulnerable under the impact of irreversible change) of Unesco's World Cultural Heritage.