• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.90-97
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• 2002

In this paper we study the performance test items and improvement plans of surge protective devices for low-voltage power circuits used in railway system. Above of all, the sources of electromagnetic interference in railway system are researched. And then we compared domestic railway standard with IEC and IEEE standards far the test items and methodologies of surge protective devices. Through the investigations, we found that the domestic standard is behind in the number of test items and methods on surge protective devices. As the countermeasures, we suggest removing component tests of surge protective devices, separating standards for power and signal standards, and using international surge waveform. In applying to domestic railway surge protective devices, surge limiting voltage measuring and surge endurance tests by international standard methods are good result.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.9-19
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• 2016

Accurate models of the characteristics of typical inverse-time overcurrent (OC) protective devices play an important role in the protective coordination schemes. This paper presents a novel approach to determine the OC protective device parameters. The approach is based on the Eigensystem Realization Algorithm which generates a state space model to fit the characteristics of OC protective devices. Instead of the conventional characteristic curves, the dynamic state space model gives a more exact fit of the OC protective device characteristics. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of decomposing the characteristic curve into smooth components and oscillation components. 19 characteristic curves from 13 typical and 6 non-typical OC protective devices are chosen for curve-fitting. The numbers of fitting components required are determined by the maximum absolute values of errors for the fitted equation. All fitted equations are replaced by a versatile equation for the characteristics of OC protective devices which represents the characteristic model of a novel flexible OC relay, which in turn may be applied to improve the OC coordination problems in the sub-transmission and distribution systems.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.15-19
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• 1993

Numerous motivational methodologies were analyzed with respect to improvement of the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) in the industrial field. Common industrial protective devices under consideration included hearing protection devices, respiratory protection devices, eye and face protection devices, etc. It was found that several of such methods could readily be implemented in the real world to protect workers from hazardous industrial sterssors, such as intense noises, toxic air contaminants, and other dangerous industrial objects (e,g., chemicals). Current research issues and recommendations for future research are addressed.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.491-496
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• 2012

There are several protective relays used to protect DC traction power supply system for DC railway. These relays, however, are made by different manufactures and they have different ways for their operations. Therefore, there are difficulties for cooperation between the devices or the devices and an upper system. In order to increase interoperability and stability of the system composed of devices made by different manufactures, IEC 61850 international standards are applied to design logical nodes for modeling protective elements used in protective relays.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2015.07a
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• pp.1213-1214
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• 2015

서지보호장치(Surge Protective Device)가 국내에 본격적으로 설치된 것은 산업화의 발전으로 인해 현장 전력시스템의 복잡성과 다양성 및 급격히 변화하고 있는 우리나의 기후변화 때문일 것이다. 전원계통의 전원용서지보호장치(Poser Systems Surge Protective Devices) 및 통신계통의 통신용서지보호장치(Telecommunication Surge Protective Devices)의 설치는 해마다 증가하고 있다. 이에 따른 제품개발도 급속도로 이루어지고 있으며, 과거 몇년 전만해도 서지보호장치에 대한 표준과 시험설비의 이해와 부족으로 인해 표준에 의한 제품검증이 어려웠으나 2013년 제정된 KS 표준(KS C IEC 61643-11)으로 상당수 제조자가 관련인증을 취득하고 있다. 이 논문에서는 KS표준에서 정의하고 있는 열안전성시험에 대한 방법과 결과판정 및 새로운 기준을 제시하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.40-46
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• 2010

To protect press operator from the after-reach hazard, current Ministry of Labor Notification(MOLN) requires the use of a formula for calculating the safe distance away from the point of operation for locating press protective devices, Two Hand Control Devices(THCD) and Active Opto-Electronic Protective Devices(AOPD), on a power press. This formula is based on a same hand speed constant of 160cm/s. While EN standards use different hand speed constant for THCD and AOPD respectively. The objective of this study is to compare two guidelines on the hand speed constant published by MOLN and EN 692, also to propose a proper hand speed constant and validate it experimentally. As a experimental result, it could be known that hand speed constant of Ministry of Labor Notification should be improved as that of EN standards.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2001.07a
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• pp.476-478
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• 2001

Coordination under short-circuit conditions is a systematic application of protective devices in the electrical power system, which, in response to a fault, will remove only a minimum amount of equipment from service. The objective is not only to minimize the equipment damage and process outage costs, but also to protect personnel from the effects of these failures. The coordination study of an electric power system consists of an organizes time-current study of all devices in series from the utilization device to the source. This study is a comparison of the time it takes the individual devices to operate when certain levels of normal or abnormal current pass through the protective devices. The objective of a coordination study is to determine the characteristics, ratings, and settings of overcurrent protective devices that will ensure that the minimum unfaulted load is interrupted when the protective devices isolate a fault or overload anywhere in the system. At the same time, the devices and settings selected should provide satisfactory protection against overloads on the equipment and interrupt short-circuit as rapidly as possible.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2002.07a
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• pp.527-529
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 저전압 기기의 전자회로를 보호하는 서지보호장치(surge protective devices, SPD)의 기술에 대하여 논의하고자 한다. 먼저 저압 전력계통에서 발생하는 전원장해(power disturbance) 종류 및 서지보호장치와의 상호관계를 고찰하였다. 또한 서지보호장치의 보호소자 및 특성, 구성기법을 고찰하고, 최근 IEC 및 IEEE 규격을 소개하고자 한다. 마지막으로 국내의 문제점 및 발전방안을 제안하였다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1996.07c
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• pp.1873-1875
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• 1996

This paper deals with the lightning surge protective devices with combination of varistor and LC filter. UP to now, the varistor alone were used as overvoltage protection devices fer the AC power mains. In this work, in order to improve the cutoff performance of surge protective device, the hybrid circuit surge protective device for an AC single phase mains was designed and investigated. The first stage of hybrid circuit is to remove most of any large surge energy and protect the second stage components. The purpose of the second is to protect the load and increase the cutoff capacity of surge protective devices. Also LC filter attenuates the remnant that travels downstream from the first stage component and the high frequency noises. As a consequence, it was found that the proposed hybrid surge protective device for AC power mains has a variety of advantages such as low and tight clamping voltage, high frequency noise reduction and large cutoff capacity.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2002.07a
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• pp.433-436
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• 2002

Most of electric distribution utilities have their reliability performance measured by reliability indices such as SAIFI and SAIDI to evaluate customer satisfaction. Adding protective devices in electrical distribution system can increase the system reliability by protecting public customers from local faults. In large-scale distribution system, it is difficult to determine the positions of these protective devices, which can efficiently protect customers within utilities' investment. In this paper, we propose an optimization technique to identify types and positions of protective devices to minimize SAIFI and SAIDI indices according to system requirement constraints.