• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.25-32
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• 2018

Due to the rapid increase in the number of vehicles, the physical and human losses caused by traffic accidents have become serious social problems. In the global trend, there have been active studies conducted on improving safety level of automobile in order to reduce the number of automobile accident. As a result of such research, traffic accidents continue to decline. In the case of South Korea, however, rate of death by automobile accident is 8.5 per 10,000 people and it is a seven rank among the countries in OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development). This average rate is almost double compared to average automobile accident rate per 10,000 vehicles, of other OECD countries in 2015. Consequently, many studies and policies currently have been conducted and made for increasing safety of pedestrians; however, they are only emphasizing characteristics of pedestrians and drivers. For this reason, this study suggests scenarios for establishment of test standard corresponding with domestic environment and international standard of AEB (Autonomous Emergency Braking) and conducts a real car test by scenarios by setting up a goal with a function for remaining distance after braking and then examine equation by comparing real car tests results and outcome after calculation. This is a theoretical method to predict a relative remaining distance after AEB prior to conducting a real car test for evaluation of safeness of automobile with AEB and it is expected that it solves problem of complication of real car test.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.9
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• pp.3051-3057
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• 2021

The concrete is considered as an important radiation shielding material employed widely in nuclear reactors, particle accelerators, laboratory hot cells and other different radiation sources. The present research is dedicated to the shielding properties study of the ordinary concrete reinforced with different weight fractions of lead oxide micro/nano particles. Lead oxide particles were fabricated by chemical synthesis method and their properties including the average size, morphological structure, functional groups and thermal properties were characterized by XRD, FESEM-EDS, FTIR and TGA analysis. The gamma ray mass attenuation coefficient of concrete composites has been calculated and measured by means of the Monte Carlo simulation and experimental methods. The simulation process was based on the use of MCNP Monte Carlo code where the mass attenuation coefficient (μ/ρ) has been calculated as a function of different particle sizes and filler weight fractions. The simulation results showed that the employment of the lead oxide filler particles enhances the mass attenuation coefficient of the ordinary concrete, drastically. On the other hand, there are approximately no differences between micro and nano sized particles. The mass attenuation coefficient was increased by increasing the weight fraction of nanoparticles. However, a semi-saturation effect was observed at concentrations more than 10 wt%. The experimental process was based on the fabrication of concrete slabs filled by different weight fractions of nano lead oxide particles. The mass attenuation coefficients of these slabs were determined at different gamma ray energies using ²²Na, ¹³⁷Cs and ⁶⁰Co sources and NaI (Tl) scintillation detector. The experimental results showed that the HVL parameter of the ordinary concrete reinforced with 5 wt% of nano PbO particles was reduced by 64% at 511 keV and 48% at 1332 keV. Reasonable agreement was obtained between simulation and experimental results and showed that the employment of nano PbO particles is more efficient at low gamma energies up to 1Mev. The proposed concrete is less toxic and could be prepared in block form instead of toxic lead blocks.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.517-526
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• 2019

Background: The root of Panax ginseng, a member of Araliaceae family, has been used as herbal medicine and functional food in Asia for thousands of years. According to Traditional Chinese medicine, ginseng is the most widely used "Qi-invigorating" herbs, which provides tonic and preventive effects by resisting oxidative stress, influencing energy metabolism, and improving mitochondrial function. Very few reports have systematically measured cell mitochondrial bioenergetics after ginseng treatment. Methods: Here, H9C2 cell line, a rat cardiomyoblast, was treated with ginseng extracts having extracted using solvents of different polarity, i.e., water, 50% ethanol, and 90% ethanol, and subsequently, the oxygen consumption rate in healthy and tert-butyl hydroperoxideetreated live cultures was determined by Seahorse extracellular flux analyzer. Results: The 90% ethanol extracts of ginseng possessed the strongest antioxidative and tonic activities to mitochondrial respiration and therefore provided the best protective effects to H9C2 cardiomyocytes. By increasing the spare respiratory capacity of stressed H9C2 cells up to three-folds of that of healthy cells, the 90% ethanol extracts of ginseng greatly improved the tolerance of myocardial cells to oxidative damage. Conclusion: These results demonstrated that the low polarity extracts of ginseng could be the best extract, as compared with others, in regulating the oxygen consumption rate of cultured cardiomyocytes during mitochondrial respiration.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2021

Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) are a family of transcription factors essential to the control of antiviral immune response, cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis. IRF10 of zebrafish (Danio rerio) was negative regulation of the interferonΦ1 and 3 response in vitro. In this study, we analyze the induction of in vivo immune response activation from the IRF10 gene of zebrafish and the protective effect against VHSV. As the results, the group inoculated with IRF10 expression vectors, there was no expression of IFNΦ1, suggestion that IRF10 may function as a negative regulator of IRF3, which binds to the IFNΦ1 promoter. And other types of interferon genes (IFNΦ2-4) are thought to have been activated, inducing to the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine and Mx genes. As the results of challenge test performed at 14 days after inoculation of the expression vectors, the maximum survival rate [50% (1㎍ DNA) and 42.5% (10㎍ DNA)] for IRF10 group were recorded. Meanwhile, the survival rates of pcDNA3.1 and PBS as the control groups were 10% and 15%, respectively. This study suggests that the possibility that activation of IRF10 molecule could be exploited as a VHS control method.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.87-98
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• 2007

AAA protocol is an information protection technology which systematically provides authentication, authorization and accounting function not only in the existing wire network but also in the rapidly developing wireless network, various services and protocol. Nowadays, standardization of the various application services is in progress with the purpose of AAA standardization fer the mobile user in the wireless network. And various researches are being conducted fur using AAA in the roaming service and mobile IPv6 network between heterogeneous networks. In this paper uses OTP and ID-based ticket for user authentication in the mobile device under the ubiquitous environment, and service is seamlessly provided even though the mobile device moves from the home network to the foreign network. In addition, with the ticket renewed from the foreign network, the overhead of the home authentication server can be reduced, and provides anonymity of service through the anonymity ID.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.463-472
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• 2012

This paper propose a security method that performs mutual authentication between the SIP UA and the server, check for integrity of the signaling channel and protection of SDP information for VoIP using a One-Time Password. To solve the vulnerability of existing HTTP Digest authentication scheme in SIP, Various SIP Authentication schemes have been proposed. But, these schemes can't meet security requirements of SIP or require expensive cryptographic operations. Proposed method uses OTP that only uses hash function and is updated each authentication. So Proposed method do not require expensive cryptographic operations but performs user authentication efficiently and safely than existing methods. In addition, Proposed method verifies the integrity of the SIP messages and performs SDP encryption/decryption through OTP that used for user authentication. So Proposed method can reduce communication overhead when applying S/MIME or TLS.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.389-397
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• 2020

Microglial cells function as major immune cells in the brain, playing an important role in the protection and damage of neurons. BV2 microglia, activated by drug stimulation, secrete inflammatory cytokines by activating the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of the activated B cells pathway and are involved in neuroinflammatory and immune responses. The overactivation of microglia by stimuli can cause neuronal damage, leading to brain disease. Noni, a natural product, reduces the activity of microglia to prevent neuronal damage and is a potential natural medicine because it exerts excellent regeneration and anti-inflammatory effects on damaged cells. In this study, when noni was used to treat BV2 cells stimulated by the anti-cancer drug doxorubicin, it reduced the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from BV2. On the other hand, neuronal damage is a side effect of doxorubicin. Therefore, the cytokines released from doxorubicin-stimulated BV2 cells treated with noni had a positive effect on the neuronal viability compared to those released from doxorubicin-stimulated BV2 cells not treated with Noni. Thus, Noni increases neuronal viability. These results suggest that noni inhibits the release of cytokines by regulating the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of the activated B cells pathway of BV2, thereby inhibiting neuronal damage.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.115-125
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• 2022

Background: Ginsenosides (GS) have potential value as cosmetic additives for prevention of skin photoaging. However, their protective mechanisms against skin barrier damage and their active monomeric constituents are unknown. Methods: GS monomer types and their relative proportions were identified. A UVB-irradiated BALB/c hairless mouse model was used to assess protective effects of GS components on skin epidermal thickness and transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Skin barrier function, reflected by filaggrin (FLG), involucrin (IVL), claudin-1 (Cldn-1), and aquaporin 3 (AQP3) levels and MAPK phosphorylation patterns, were analyzed in UVB-irradiated hairless mice or HaCaT cells. Results: Total GS monomeric content detected by UPLC was 85.45% and was largely attributed to 17 main monomers that included Re (16.73%), Rd (13.36%), and Rg1 (13.38%). In hairless mice, GS ameliorated UVB-induced epidermal barrier dysfunction manifesting as increased epidermal thickness, increased TEWL, and decreased stratum corneum water content without weight change. Furthermore, GS treatment of UVB-irradiated mice restored protein expression levels and epidermal tissue distributions of FLG, IVL, Cldn-1, and AQP3, with consistent mRNA and protein expression results obtained in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells (except for unchanging Cldn-1 expression). Mechanistically, GS inhibited JNK, p38, and ERK phosphorylation in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells, with a mixture of Rg2, Rg3, Rk3, F2, Rd, and Rb3 providing the same protective MAPK pathway inhibition-associated upregulation of IVL and AQP3 expression as provided by intact GS treatment. Conclusion: GS protection against UVB-irradiated skin barrier damage depends on activities of six ginsenoside monomeric constituents that inhibit the MAPK signaling pathway.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.199-205
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• 2021

The distributing board in directly installed on the ground or the bottom surface of the building, and when vibrations such as earthquakes or external shocks occur, the possibility of damage or malfunction of electric components such as internal power devices, wiring, and protection relays increases. Recently, the need for a seismic type distributing board is increasing, and research and development of a distributing board having a vibration damping function and product launch are being conducted. In this paper, an IoT-based data collection device system capable of measuring vibration and environmental data of distributing board was designed and implemented. When vibration occurred on the distributing board, data was stored and visualized in the MySQL DB through Node-RED for monitoring and data storage using the MQTT protocol for reliable messaging transmission. The test was conducted by attaching the IoT device of the distributing board, and data was collected in real-time and monitored through Node-RED.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.45 no.7
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• pp.454-464
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• 2022

DJ-1 is one of the causative genes of early-onset familial Parkinson's disease (PD). As a result, DJ-1 influences the pathogenesis of sporadic PD. DJ-1 has various physiological functions that converge to control the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Based on genetic analyses that sought to investigate novel antioxidant DJ-1 downstream genes, pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) kinase (PDK) was demonstrated to increase survival rates and decrease dopaminergic (DA) neuron loss in DJ-1 mutant flies under oxidative stress. PDK phosphorylates and inhibits the PDH complex (PDC), subsequently downregulating glucose metabolism in the mitochondria, which is a major source of intracellular ROS. A loss-of-function mutation in PDK was not found to have a significant effect on fly development and reproduction, but severely ameliorated oxidative stress resistance. Thus, PDK plays a critical role in the protection against oxidative stress. Loss of PDH phosphatase (PDP), which dephosphorylates and activates PDH, was also shown to protect DJ-1 mutants from oxidative stress, ultimately supporting our findings. Further genetic analyses suggested that DJ-1 controls PDK expression through hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), a transcriptional regulator of the adaptive response to hypoxia and oxidative stress. Furthermore, CPI-613, an inhibitor of PDH, protected DJ-1 null flies from oxidative stress, suggesting that the genetic and pharmacological inhibition of PDH may be a novel treatment strategy for PD associated with DJ-1 dysfunction.