Journal of Ginseng Research

The Korean Society of Ginseng (고려인삼학회)
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Ginsenosides repair UVB-induced skin barrier damage in BALB/c hairless mice and HaCaT keratinocytes

  • Li, Zhenzhuo (Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine) ;
  • Jiang, Rui (Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine) ;
  • Wang, Manying (Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine) ;
  • Zhai, Lu (Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine) ;
  • Liu, Jianzeng (Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine) ;
  • Xu, Xiaohao (Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine) ;
  • Sun, Liwei (Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine) ;
  • Zhao, Daqing (Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine)
  • Received : 2020.11.12
  • Accepted : 2021.05.04
  • Published : 2022.01.01
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Abstract

Background: Ginsenosides (GS) have potential value as cosmetic additives for prevention of skin photoaging. However, their protective mechanisms against skin barrier damage and their active monomeric constituents are unknown. Methods: GS monomer types and their relative proportions were identified. A UVB-irradiated BALB/c hairless mouse model was used to assess protective effects of GS components on skin epidermal thickness and transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Skin barrier function, reflected by filaggrin (FLG), involucrin (IVL), claudin-1 (Cldn-1), and aquaporin 3 (AQP3) levels and MAPK phosphorylation patterns, were analyzed in UVB-irradiated hairless mice or HaCaT cells. Results: Total GS monomeric content detected by UPLC was 85.45% and was largely attributed to 17 main monomers that included Re (16.73%), Rd (13.36%), and Rg1 (13.38%). In hairless mice, GS ameliorated UVB-induced epidermal barrier dysfunction manifesting as increased epidermal thickness, increased TEWL, and decreased stratum corneum water content without weight change. Furthermore, GS treatment of UVB-irradiated mice restored protein expression levels and epidermal tissue distributions of FLG, IVL, Cldn-1, and AQP3, with consistent mRNA and protein expression results obtained in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells (except for unchanging Cldn-1 expression). Mechanistically, GS inhibited JNK, p38, and ERK phosphorylation in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells, with a mixture of Rg2, Rg3, Rk3, F2, Rd, and Rb3 providing the same protective MAPK pathway inhibition-associated upregulation of IVL and AQP3 expression as provided by intact GS treatment. Conclusion: GS protection against UVB-irradiated skin barrier damage depends on activities of six ginsenoside monomeric constituents that inhibit the MAPK signaling pathway.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2017YFC1702106), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. U20A20402 and U19A2013), Science and Technology Development Plan of Jilin Province, China (Nos. 20180201075YY and 20180101128JC).

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