• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제53권10호
• /
• pp.3344-3351
• /
• 2021

The Rare Isotope Science Project was launched in 2011 in Korea toward constructing the Rare isotope Accelerator complex for ON line experiments (RAON). RAON will house several experimental systems, including the Muon Spin Rotation/Relaxation/Resonance (μSR) facility in High Energy Experimental Building B. This facility will use 600-MeV protons with a maximum current of 660 pμA and beam power of 400 kW. The key μSR features will facilitate projects related to condensed-matter and nuclear physics. Typical experiments require a few million surface muons fully spin-polarized opposite to their momentum for application to small samples. Here, we describe the design of a muon transport beam line for delivering the requisite muon numbers and the electromagnetic-component specifications in the μSR facility. We determine the beam-line configuration via beam-optics calculations and the transmission efficiency via single-particle tracking simulations. The electromagnet properties, including fringe field effects, are applied for each component in the calculations. The designed surface-muon beamline is 17.3 m long, consisting of 2 solenoids, 2 dipoles affording 70° deflection, 9 quadrupoles, and a Wien filter to eliminate contaminant positrons. The average incident-muon flux and spin rotation angle are estimated as 5.2 × 10⁶ μ⁺/s and 45°, respectively.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제34권11호
• /
• pp.1776-1783
• /
• 2021

Objective: This project aimed to evaluate the effects of both different additives and filling methods on nutritive quality, fermentation profile, and in situ digestibility of whole plant corn silage. Methods: Whole plant corn forage harvested at 26.72% dry matter (DM) was chopped and treated with two filling methods, i) fill silos at one time (F1), ii) fill silos at three times (F3), packing samples into one/three silo capacity at the first day, another one/three capacity at the second day, then one/three at the third day, three replicates. For each replicate, samples were treated with three additives, i) control (CTRL, no additive), ii) Sila-Max (MAX, Ralco Nutrition Inc., Marshall, MN, USA), and iii) Sila-Mix (MIX, Ralco Nutrition Inc., USA). With three replicates of each secondary treatment, there were nine silos, 54 silos in total. Each silo had a packing density of 137.61 kg of DM/m3. All silos were weighed and stored in lab at ambient temperature. Results: After 60 d of ensiling, all items showed good silage fermentation under MAX filled one time or three times (p<0.01). Higher silage quality for all additives was obtained at filling one time than that filled three times (p<0.01). The highest DM and lowest DM loss rate (DMLR) occurred to MAX treatment at two filling methods (p<0.01); Digestibility of acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and curde protein had the same results as silage quality (p<0.01). Yield of digestible DM and digestible NDF also showed higher value under MAX especially for filling one time (p<0.05). Conclusion: All corn silages showed good fermentation attributes (pH<4.0). The forage filled one time had higher silage quality than that filled three times (p<0.01). MAX with homofermentative lactic acid bacteria enhanced the lactic acid fermentation, silage quality and nutrient digestibility, and so improved the digestible nutrient yield.

• 한국환경농학회지
• /
• 제39권4호
• /
• pp.327-333
• /
• 2020

BACKGROUND: Through Saemangeum development project, 283 ㎢ of new land is planned to be created and the reclaimed land of 89.7 ㎢ will be used as agricultural land. Therefore, monitoring of soil salinity is required to evaluate the suitability of the land for agricultural purposes. METHODS AND RESULTS: We investigated changes of soil physico-chemical properties, including electric conductivity (EC), of the Saemangeum reclaimed tidal land (1,195 ha) from 2008 to 2017 to obtain basic data for suitable soil management of the Saemangeum reclaimed tidal land. Soil samples were collected from the sites spaced 200 meters apart from each other. Soil analysis results showed that average soil EC was 14.5 dS m-1 in 2008, and decreased to 6.5 dS m-1 in 2014 and to 0.9 dS m-1 in 2017. Accordingly, the soil area below soil EC 4.7 dS m-1 (accepted as farmable soil salinity) increased; 25.0% in 2008, 54.3% in 2014, and 96.9% in 2017. The annual decrease in soil EC was described as y = -1.5756x + 14.6 (R2= 0.96), where y = soil EC and x = elapsed years since 2008. CONCLUSION: The soil salinity have decreased to a level for cultivation of most edible crops. However, since the soil chemical properties, such as soil organic matter were inadequate for the cultivation of crops, it was suggested that management of soil fertility would be important for efficient agricultural use of Saemangeum reclaimed land.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.199-202
• /
• 2023

Carriage return (CR) and line feed (LF), also known as CRLF injection is a type of vulnerability that allows a hacker to enter special characters into a web application, altering its operation or confusing the administrator. Log poisoning and HTTP response splitting are two prominent harmful uses of this technique. Additionally, CRLF injection can be used by an attacker to exploit other vulnerabilities, such as cross-site scripting (XSS). Email injection, also known as email header injection, is another way that can be used to modify the behavior of emails. The Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) is an organization that studies vulnerabilities and ranks them based on their level of risk. According to OWASP, CRLF vulnerabilities are among the top 10 vulnerabilities and are a type of injection attack. Automated testing can help to quickly identify CRLF vulnerabilities, and is particularly useful for companies to test their applications before releasing them. However, CRLF vulnerabilities can also lead to the discovery of other high-risk vulnerabilities, and it fosters a better approach to mitigate CRLF vulnerabilities in the early stage and help secure applications against known vulnerabilities. Although there has been a significant amount of research on other types of injection attacks, such as Structure Query Language Injection (SQL Injection). There has been less research on CRLF vulnerabilities and how to detect them with automated testing. There is room for further research to be done on this subject matter in order to develop creative solutions to problems. It will also help to reduce false positive alerts by checking the header response of each request. Security automation is an important issue for companies trying to protect themselves against security threats. Automated alerts from security systems can provide a quicker and more accurate understanding of potential vulnerabilities and can help to reduce false positive alerts. Despite the extensive research on various types of vulnerabilities in web applications, CRLF vulnerabilities have only recently been included in the research. Utilizing automated testing as a recurring task can assist companies in receiving consistent updates about their systems and enhance their security.

• 국제학술발표논문집
• /
• The 9th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
• /
• pp.960-966
• /
• 2022

Mobility is an essential human need. Human survival and societal interaction depend on the ability to move people and goods. Efficient mobility systems are essential facilitators of economic development. Cities could not exist and global trade could not occur without systems to transport people and goods cheaply and efficiently. Rail has been considered as one of the important components of the transportation infrastructure required to service and improve the performance and productivity of an economy. In Nigeria, the rail infrastructure built by the colonial master several decades ago has been left in a state of total deterioration. This long neglect was occasioned by the failure of the government to pay adequate attention to infrastructure development. There is a vital and urgent need for rail infrastructure development in Nigeria. This study presents a systematic review of the evolution of rail, the current nature of railway infrastructure delivery in Nigeria, and offers possible suggestions on how to achieve an effective and sustainable rail infrastructure delivery in Nigeria. A thorough literature search of academic databases was conducted on current research trends on the subject of railway infrastructure by systematically reviewing selected published articles from reputable research domains. The analysis of the selected articles revealed the following among others (1) the existing railway infrastructure is in a state of mess and not sustainable, and (2), Government's investment/commitment in rail infrastructure seems inadequate compared to what is obtainable in other developed countries. Rail infrastructure development cannot be left to the Federal government of Nigeria to solve on its own; collaboration and participation are required. Government as a matter of priority should devote considerable attention to the development of rail infrastructure to harness the economic potential and transformation that sustainable rail infrastructural projects will provide.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.1-5
• /
• 1968

수량(收量)이 낮은 답토양(畓土壤)에 역분해성(易分解性) 유기물(有機物)로서 Soluble Starch를 첨가(添加)하여 $30{\pm}2^{\circ}C$에서 21 일간(日間) 담수(湛水) Incubation 하면서 토양(土壤)의 pH, Eh 변화(變化), 수용성(水溶性) Fe, Mn 및 $SiO_2$의 용출량(溶出量)을 조사(調査) 연구(硏究)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 유기물(有機物)을 첨가(添加)할 경우(境遇)에는 유기물(有機物)을 처리(處理)하지 않았을때 보다 초기(初期) 1주일간(週日間) Eh는 200mv 더 낮아 환원(還元)이 심(甚)하였다. 2. pH는 무처리(無處理)에서는 담수초기(湛水初期) 약간 하강(下降)하는 경향(傾向)이다가 계속(繼續) 상승(上昇)하여 pH 6.0 정도(程度)를 유지하였으나 유기물처리시(有機物處理時)에는 초기(初期)에는 급격(急激)한 환원(還元)에 의(依)해 pH가 상승(上昇)하였다가 7 일후(日後)에는 떨어져서 계속(繼續) pH 4.5 정도(程度)를 유지(維持)하였다. 3. 유기물(有機物)을 처리(處理)하지 않았을때는 수용성(水溶性) Fe, Mn 및 $SiO_2$는 담수환원(湛水還元)에 의(依)하여 약간 증가(增加)를 보이고 있으나 유기물처리시(有機物處理時)에는 수용성(水溶性) Fe는 약(約) 20배(倍), Mn 약(約) 10배(倍) $SiO_2$는 3배정도(倍程度)로 증가(增加)하였다. 4. 유기물(有機物) 처리시(處理時)에 수용성(水溶性) Mn 및 $SiO_2$의 용출량(溶出量)은 pH와 유의적(有意的)인 상관관계(相關關係)([$H^+$] & Mn ${\gamma}=0.734^{**}$, [$H^+$] & $SiO_2$ ${\gamma}=0.750^{**}$)가 있었으며 pH5.0 이하(以下)에서 용출량(溶出量)이 급증(急增)하였다.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.71-79
• /
• 1999

금강에서 외해역으로 전달되는 물질의 수지를 이해하기 위한 연구의 일환으로 금강하구의 영양염의 계절적인 분포를 조사하였다. 1997년에서 1998년간 금강하구의 6개 정점에서 13~24시간동안 연속관측을 통하여 영양염, 부유현탁물질(SPM; Suspended Particulate Matter), 엽록소와 염분을 분석하였으며, 조석자료, 기상자료와 금강 하구언의 담수 방출량 자료도 보조자료로서 사용하였다. 이 연구를 통하여 하구내 영양염의 계절적인 분포의 차이와 이런 현상을 주도하는 요인을 밝히는데 주목적이 있고, 부차적으로 금강하구언 조성 이전과 이후 영양염 분포의 차이를 조사하였다. 금강 배출수내 영양염들의 농도는 계절에 따라 확연히 구별된다. 인산염과 암모니움염은 갈수기에 농도가 높게 나타나는 반면, 풍수기에는 규산염이 높게 나타났고 이때 SPM의 농도도 높게 출현하였다. 그러나 질산염은 연중 일정한 농도를 유지하였다. 이러한 계절적인 차이를 결정하는 주원인은 일차적으로 담수의 유입량이다. 강우에 의한 담수의 희석효과가 이러한 영양염과 SPM의 계절적인 변화를 야기하는 것으로 생각된다. 이러한 과정을 통하여 증가하는 SPM의 농도가 2차적으로 영양염의 분포에 영향을 주는 것으로 생각된다. 조사된 모든 영양염의 주 공급원은 금강에서 유입하는 담수이며 조사된 영양염의 기본적인 분포는 이들이 보존적임을 보인다. 조사를 총괄하여 보면 질산염, 아질산염 그리고 규산염은 계절에 상관없이 거의 보존적인 성격을 나타냈다. 그러나 다른 영양염(인산염, 암모니움염)과 SPM은 계절에 따른 차이가 나타났다. 인산염과 암모니움염은 6월과 10월의 갈수기동안에는 거의 보존적인 성향을 보인 반면, 풍수기와 5월의 조사에서 첨가현상을 보였다. 이러한 첨가현상에 영향을 주는 주 요인은 봄철 대량 번식된 담수성 플랑크톤이 해수와 접촉함에 따라 사멸하고, 이와 동시에 유입된 유기물의 분해와 SPM에 흡착되어잇던 인산염이 용출되는 것으로 생각되며, 저층 플럭스(benthic flux)도 기여하는 것으로 보인다. 하구언 조성 이전과의 비교에서 SPM의 농도가 감소함에 따라 SPM이 하구내 영양염의 재생과정에 미치는 중요성은 현저히 약화되었다. 또한 하구내 영양염의 분포를 결정하는 염분의 분포가 갈수기에는 하구언에서 1~2 km 정도로 근접한 곳에서 염분의 구성이 5~15 psu로 나타나 영양염의 첨가현상등 화학적 변화가 이곳에 집중되고, 풍수기 동안에는 하구 전역에서 이러한 염분분포가 나타난다. 따라서 하구언 조성 이후에 갈수기 동안 하구언에 근접한 일부만이 진정한 하구의 역할을 하고 나머지는 만과 같은 특성을 보이고 있다. 하구언 갑문 폐쇄 이전과 이후의 비교 결과 조석의 차단으로 인한 조류속도의 감소로 인하여 부유현탁물질의 농도가 감소하였으며 영양염류의 농도가 증가하였고, 따라서 식물플랑크톤의 대량번식이 발생할 가능성이 있다.

• 기록학연구
• /
• 제59호
• /
• pp.207-275
• /
• 2019

서울시자살예방센터(자살유족지원팀)와 자살유족 기록작업을 같이 했다. 자살유족지원팀은 자살유족의 심리지원을 위한 자조모임을 운영하고 있었다. 자조모임은 자살유족들이 모여 앉아 대화를 나누며 고통을 나누는 자리이다. 자조모임이 어느 정도 진행되자 모임에서 리더역할을 수행하는 성원들이 생겼다. 이들이 모여서 글을 쓰는 에세이 모임을 구성했다. 아들을 먼저 보낸 아버지(2명), 딸을 먼저 보낸 엄마(2명), 아들을 먼저 보낸 엄마(1명), 남편을 먼저 보낸 아내(1명). 이렇게 6명의 사람들이었다. 에세이 모임은 사직공원 앞에 자리를 잡은 한 공간에서 매주 만났다. 한쪽 벽면 전체를 차지하는 창문으로는 저녁이 들어오고 있었다. 낮에 있었던 일들은 지는 해를 따라 갔다. 10명(에세이 모임 6명, 자살유족지원팀 3명, 임상역사가 1명)이 탁자를 가운데 두고는 빙 둘러 앉았다. "자, 이제 무엇을 해야 할까?" 자살유족 기록작업은 2013~2014년에 있었다. 교육적으로 중요하고 특수한 환자의 임상사례를 학회, 잡지에 보고하는 것을 의학에서는 증례(證例. case report)라고 한다. 자살유족들과 같이 했던 기록작업을 증례로 소개하는 형식을 취해 정리했다. 증례 형식을 취한 것은 기록을 말하기 위해서는 인간을 말해야 하고, 인간을 말하기 위해서는 기록에 대해 말해야 하는 '인간과 기록의 상관성'이 중요하다고 보기 때문이다. 자살유족 기록작업에 대한 글이 이런 상관성에 대한 논의를 하는 데에 단초가 될 수 있다고 본다. 몇 년의 시간이 지났다. 당시 상황을 기록하는 데 필요한 객관적 거리가 확보되었을까? 그건 자신할 수 없지만, 작업의 과정과 방법을 서술하면서 '일상의 기록생산'에 대해 말해본다. 나아가 기록과 기록의 의미(인간)에 관한 몇 가지 단상을 말해본다. 1장에서는 기록의 출처를 다루었다. 그것은 기록하는 사람은 누구인가, 또는 누가 기록하는가 하는 것이다. 기록이 무엇인가 보다는 기록하는 사람은 누구인가 하는 물음이 앞서야 할 것 같다. 2장은 기록하는 형식에 관한 논의로 무엇을 위해 기록하는가, 무엇을 기록화 대상으로 삼는가, 어떤 기록형식이 필요한가 하는 것을 다뤘다. 3장과 4장은 일종의 기록방법론일 수 있는데, 3장에서는 쓰기, 4장에서는 대화를 다뤘다. 5장에서는 기록을 수용하는 의례를 다뤘다. 3개월이든 1년이든 자신이 기록했던 시간을 어떻게 수용하며 그 의미는 무엇일까 하는 것이다. 6장에서는 논의의 지평을 넓혀 일상의 기록생산, 일상적 아카이브를 다뤘다.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.65-71
• /
• 2013

Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) pollinosis is the most popular pollinosis in Japan. It has been reported that Cryptomeria japonica pollen allergenic species are suspended as fine particles in the urban atmosphere. These allergenic fine particles are responsible for inducing asthma by breaking into the lower respiratory tract. It has also been found that pollinosis symptoms on the sufferers appear mainly at night-time by the results from epidemiological studies. However, the exact reason for these phenomena is not yet clarified. In this study, the diurnal and nocturnal behaviours of Cryptomeria japonica pollen grains and their allergenic species in the urban area of Saitama city of Kanto Plain were investigated. Airborne pollen grains and allergenic Cry j 1 concentrations in total suspended particulate matter (TSP) were investigated at two sampling sites, a heavy traffic road (roadside site) and at the balcony of the $10^{th}$ floor of the Building of Research and Project of Saitama University (general urban site). The latter sampling site where located about 300 m away from the roadside site was used as a general urban site unaffected by automobile traffic. The airborne pollen counts were measured with a real-time pollen monitor. Cry j 1 particles were collected with two high volume air samplers, and these concentrations were measured by surface plasmon resonance method with a Biacore J system. The diurnal variation of the airborne pollen counts was similar to the trends of temperature and wind speed during the day-time; whereas its tendency with wind speed trend was not observed during the night-time. Airborne pollen counts were lower with northern wind than with southern wind because the pollen comes from the mountainous areas, and the mountains in the south are closer, about half the distance to the northern mountains. It is suggested that the peaks of airborne pollen counts during night-time in the sampling site occurred by transport of pollen grains released during day-time in the mountainous forest areas, located c.a. 100 km away from the sampling site. On the roadside site the allergenic Cry j 1 concentrations were higher than at the general urban site, nevertheless pollen grains counts were lower. These results suggested that worsening of pollinosis symptoms during night-time in urban area was caused by transport of pollen grains during day-time in the mountainous forest areas. Moreover, pollen allergenic species become different morphology from pollen grain at roadside site, and the subsequent pollen grains re-suspension by automobile traffic.

• 대한가정학회지
• /
• 제37권7호
• /
• pp.17-27
• /
• 1999

According to the design method for constructing the Korean Men's Jo-go-ri(the traditional Korean jacket)collar, there are differences in form after its completion. In the construction design of the midsection of the gusset as in that of the basic pattern Jo-go-ri, not only was the positioning of the two sides of the collar not smooth, but also, when the collar strip(Dongjung) was attached, there would be an imbalance on one side or the other so that it was difficult to achieve symmetry. Therefore in this project, by applying the pattern design of the gusset midsection to that of the collar midsection, not only did attaching the collar(Kit) and the collar strip create a visual effect by equalizing the lengths of the two sides, but the construction was also easy. This method of construction introduces the three-dimensional aspect of the human form in its conic, spherical and cylindrical aspects, so that, through schematizing the scientific character of Korea's clothing, its appropriateness is verified. As a matter of fact, since there is no standardization of pattern whether for educational use or for mass-produced clothing, so that even the patterns used in computer-assisted design are executed according to the designer's personal skill, the reality is that after completion of construction the quality has not been uniform. For this schematization, inverse calculation of measurements pertaining to the calculation formula and of teaching materials has been referenced. In particular, the partial regulation of the calculation formula pertaining to the basic pattern construction, the method of making the collar midsection, and the construction method of the extreme and mean ratio adjustment, can be adjusted for all measurements, thereby providing the establishment of a design criterion and the possibility of the standardization of construction methods. The production method for the basic pattern design is as follows: 1) The conic angle for the Jo-go-ri's girth, length end neck width is fixed at 70(72) degree. 2) The radius of the cone is sleeve length. 3) The bust girth calculation formula is B/4 + 2.5 cm. 4) The armhole formula is B/4 + 2.5cm. 5) The neck width formula is B/10. 6) The ratio of the collar junction{width of collar(Kit) + width of collar strip(Dongjung) to the gusset length is 5:8. 7) The length of the side seam is a length intersecting the armhole line and the conic radius of sleeve length, that is an arc that exceeds the length of the Jo-go-ri's midsection.