• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.88-107
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• 2021

Purpose - Using a model that highlights Ricardian comparative advantage and Cournot competition, I derive theoretical predictions on how bilateral measures of trade intensity, specialization, and intra-industry are interrelated, and how Ricardian productivity differences affect these measures. We test the predictions using trade and production data, and confirm them. Design/methodology - A simple two-country general equilibrium model is constructed to derive theory-based bilateral indexes. We then test the relationships among them using panel data for 35 countries and 14 industries between 1996 and 2008. Findings - Bilateral trade intensity is increasing in specialization, as in the classical trade theory, and in intra-industry trade, as in the new trade theory. However, productivity differences positively affect specialization, and negatively affect intra-industry trade. These effects cancel each other; thus productivity differences have little impact on trade intensity. Originality/value - This paper provides a comprehensive conceptual framework for understanding the relationship among trade intensity, specialization, intra-industry trade, and productivity differences. We derive theory-consistent measures of specialization, intra-industry trade, and productivity differences. Moreover, we reevaluate the empirical relevance of these variables for the study of gravity equations. This paper is also an effort to capture oligopolistic competition in a general equilibrium framework, interests in which recently resurged.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.46-60
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze the difference of productivity according to environmental factors among 25 Regional base public hospitals. Also this study is to propose a method to improve the productivity of Regional base public hospitals in the future by improving the public performance and stable management performance by studying the productivity variables affecting profitability. The survey period was based on the last three years, and 25 Regional base public hospitals were selected for the survey. The dependent variable is the total capital medical marginal profitability and the medical profit marginal profitability which are the indicators of profitability. The independent variable, productivity, is classified into three indicators: capital productivity, labor productivity, and value added productivity. The ANOVA analysis method was used to analyze the productivity difference according to the frequency factor and the environmental factors of the Regional base public hospitals. Finally, we conducted a hierarchical regression analysis to examine the productivity variables affecting profitability. The results of this study showed that there were differences in productivity due to environmental factors such as hospital size, competition in the local medical market, and differences in management performance. The difference in productivity and profitability depending on the environmental factors suggests that it is difficult for Regional base public hospitals in each regional base to perform a balanced public service. In order to overcome this, it is necessary to provide balanced medical services such as government financial support expansion, regional medical demand forecasting and facility infrastructure construction.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.185-198
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• 2020

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of performance-related pay on gender labor productivity differences theoretically and empirically. Design/methodology/approach - This study analyzes the Principal-Agent model in which a firm employes many male and female workers under moral hazard, and uses large survey data from Survey of Business Activities of MDIS (MicroData Integrated Service) in Korea. The fixed-effect model is employed in order to analyze the data. Findings - The theoretical result is that, after performance-related pay is offered to workers, the effect of performance-related pay on gender productivity is determined by whether the female ratio within firm affects firm's performance(such as revenue and profit) per capita. The empirical result is that, before performance-related pay is provided for all workers, the firm's female ratio does not affect firm's revenue and profit per capita at all, but after it is offered, the female ratio positively affects firm's performance per capita. Research implications or Originality - Fixed pay does not bring about the difference between male and female productivity, but performance-related pay affects female productivity more positively than male productivity in Korean firms. It means that female workers are more sensitive to incentives than men in Korea.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.237-245
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• 2005

본 연구의 목적은 전국에 분포된 국가산업단지 내 전 제조업을 대상으로 지역간 생산성 격차의 원인을 밝히려는데 있다. 이를 위하여 기업의 노동생산성을 종속변수로 두고 노동생산성에 영향을 미치는 주요 변수에 대한 파라메타를 계량경제기법을 이용하여 추정하였다. 추정을 위하여 이용된 자료는 최근 한국산업단지관리공단이 2003년을 기준으로 전국에 소재한 산업단지 내 기업을 대상으로 전수 조사한 기업의 생산, 고용, 수출, 투자 등과 같은 원 자료(raw data)를 이용하였다. 추정결과 기업의 산업단지 내 입주기간, 자본규모, 고용자 수, 설비투자 규모 등이 노동생산성에 유의한 것으로 나타났으며, 제조업 각 부문별 산업은 지역에 따라 노동생산성의 편차가 크게 나타났다. 노동생산성은 설비투자와 제조업체의 입주기간과는 정(+)의 관계가 있고, 종업원의 수와는 부(-)의 관계에 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 지역별 노동생산성은 충청, 전라, 경상도 지역이 수도권보다 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2006

This paper analyzes the technical efficiencies of 40 Korean system integration firms using data envelopment analysis (DEA) and Malmquist productivity indices. Technical efficiencies on average had been decreased over the five year period and the efficiency difference between best practice firms and catch-up firms had been increased during this period, meaning that the industry structure has become matured and the possibilities for catch-up firms to be efficient are not remained so much. The differences in efficiency by the differences in ownership structures are statistically significant. It implies that the efficiencies of group-affiliated firms have come from benefits such as the captive market umbrellas, not from their own management competencies. In addition, the technical efficiency is highly correlated with captive market sales, information productivity, sales per employees, rates of value added, returns on invested capital, and EBITDA.

• Plant Resources
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.9-12
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• 2005

TO select the most suitable crop and variety of forage for productivity at the southern part of Korea, The crops of wheat, barley and rye were grown from Oct. 1999 to June 2000. Paldanghomil variety of rye crop was shown to have the highest productivity in comparison to other varieties of crops used in this experiment. It showed relatively high plant height, number of tiller, forage yield and dry matter yield. There fore, it was concluded that Paldanghomil of rye crop was the most suitable crop with high yield in the southern part of Korea. The heritabilities of all characters were estimated to be high.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.335-345
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• 2014

The productivity decrease in environment-friendly farming is the biggest obstacle for the development of environment-friendly food market. This paper aimed to analyze the productivity change in environment-friendly farming of fruit vegetables (oriental melon, watermelon, and strawberry). Box-Cox transformation model was used to infer the functional form of productivity change. The results showed that the periods of productivity restoration to 90% level in oriental melon, strawberry, and watermelon were 14.1 years, 11.4 years, and 6.0 years, respectively. The forms of productivity restoration of fruit vegetables showed differences due to their growth characteristics, incidences of crop pests, preference for the environment- friendly agricultural products, cultivation period and so on. Because the form and period of productivity restoration were different depending on kinds of fruit vegetable, the government policy should be established considering this point of view.

• 기술경영경제학회:학술대회논문집
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• 기술경영경제학회 2006년도 제28회 동계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.5-20
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• 2006

An efficient and productive R&D operation is a major source of competitive advantage in today's economy, and a lot of efforts are made to raise R&D productivity. A prerequisite for making R&D more efficient and productive is to be able to measure it. Hence, a number of studies have attempted to measure R&D productivity. R&D productivity, in the previous studies, was measured with patents at the firm or industry level. However, most previous studies considered only a quantitative aspect, not a quantitative aspect of patents. In this study, various dimensions of patent quality as well as patent quantity were considered for the measurement of R&D performance. The differences in R&D performance across sectors were examined, and it was found that electrical/electronic industry shows higher R&D performance than mechanic and chemical industries. Discriminant analysis based on inputs and outputs for R&D shows' that there exist a strong discriminatory power across industries. The results of this research can provide the directions 'for the firm's R&D policy.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.102-116
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• 2022

Purpose - This paper empirically investigates the relationship between firm productivity and importing intermediate inputs in the Korean manufacturing sector. Design/methodology - This paper tests the two related hypotheses on the relationship between importing and productivity for a sample of Korean manufacturing firms. We test the self-selection hypothesis by comparing pre-entry levels of productivity between importers and non-importers. We test the learning-by-importing hypothesis by employing propensity score matching with differencein-differences approach. Findings - Future importers are more productive than future non-importers years before they start to import, which supports the self-selection hypothesis. In contrast, there is no strong evidence for learning-by-importing. Originality/value - This paper is the first study to explore the relationship between importing and firm-level productivity for Korean firms. The results have an important implication on trade policies to lower or raise trade barriers in imported inputs.

• 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.175-184
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• 2019

To improve productivity in the architecture, construction and engineering industry, it is critical to understand both current and historic trends in construction productivity. This study analyzes and compares construction productivity trends of South Korea, the U.S., the U.K., and Japan 1995 to 2015 using the following three measures: construction labor productivity, construction duration per floor, and construction duration per 1,000 m2 floor area. As the results, the international competitiveness of each country varied according to which measures were used to analyze them. Among the four countries, the construction labor productivity of the U.S. was the highest, followed by that of South Korea. South Korea also had the second highest productivity growth rate, following that of Japan. On the other hand, when analyzed from the perspective of construction duration, the construction productivity in South Korea appeared relatively lower than those of other countries. There were differences in the location of construction competitiveness of each country analyzed by various measures. Therefore, to accurately diagnose and improve the construction competitiveness in South Korea, strategies based on various measures are need to established simultaneously.