• 약학회지
• /
• 제44권6호
• /
• pp.588-594
• /
• 2000

To investigate the effects of iota-carrageenan (CAR) and/or alum on the adjuvancity as well as the structural difference of oligosaccharide on the IgG2b in the adjuvant effect, C57BL/6 mice were immunized twice with fetuin as a model antigen. CAR alone showed no significant effect on induction of antibody except IgG1. In contrast, Alum-CAR (after mixing of antigen-Alum, CAR adjuvant was prepared) and CAR-Alum (after formulation of antigen-CAR, Alum adjuvant was prepared) enhanced production of antibody, especially, IgG2b. After separation of IgG2b, changes of glycosylation were investigated using enzymelinked lectin assay. High affinity of IgG2b to N-acetylneuraminic acid, galactose and mannose-specific lectin were induced by CAR-Alum adjuvant, however, the affinity of IgG2b induced by CAR-Alum to GlcNAc and GalNAc-specific lectin were much less than that induced by Alum-CAR.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제45권6호
• /
• pp.715-723
• /
• 2001

Indomethacin is well known as a prostaglandin (PG) E$_2$ synthetase inhibitor which has antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects and reduces the risk of cancer Growing tumors greatly induce hypersensitive responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Thus, this study was investigated the effect of indomethacin on the LPS-induced production of cytokines in sarcoma-bearing ICR mice. Indomethacin at doses of 5mg/kg was administered orally 30 minutes before i.p. injection of LPS (8 mg/kg) 5 times for 7 days. LPS remarkedly increased tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-$\alpha$ and interleukin (IL)-1$\beta$, levels in both serum and splenic supernatants compared with those in controls, while indomethacin significantly reduced the LPS-increased levels of IL-1$\beta$, in both serum and supernatants. LPS significantly enhanced IL-2 levels in serum and interferon (IFN)-${\gamma}$ levels in supernatants, whereas indomethacin did not affect the LPS-increased levels of IL-2 and IFN-${\gamma}$. These data, therefore, indicate that indomethacin may attenuate the pathogenesis of IL-1$\beta$, induced by LPS and maintain the tumoricidal cellular immune effects by LPS-increased production of IL- 2 and IFN-${\gamma}$ in tumor-bearing state.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제21권6호
• /
• pp.1491-1498
• /
• 2007

NC/Nga mice with contact dermatitis induced using DNCB were applied with GJHB(祛風燥濕解毒方), and its influence on the expressions of IgE, immune related cytokines, and immunoglobulins were tested. The results were obtained as follows ; GJHB significantly redued the production of IgE compared to the control. GJHB significantly reduced the amount of IL-4 within the suspension of spleen cells, but significantly induced the production of $IFN-{\gamma}$, compared to the control. GJHB significantly reduced the production of IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ in the serum compared to the control. GJHB significantly suppressed the concentration of IgM, IgG2a, IgG2b in the serum. However, no significant decrease of IgG1 was observed. From the results above, GJHB suppressed the intermediate factors during the hypersensitive immune response as well as suppressing the generation of inflammation related cytokines. Therefore, anti-allergic effect of GJHB on the contact dermatitis through immune modulation was confirmed.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.95-105
• /
• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Bacillus-fermented Scutellariae Radix acupuncture solution (SB) on interleukin(IL) production in mouse macrophage stimulatedby lipopolysaccaride(LPS). Methods : Productions of interleukins were measured y High-throughput Multiplex Bead based Assay with Bio-plex Suspension Array System based on $xMAP^{(R)}$(multi-analyte profiling beads) technology. To begin with, cell culture supernatant was obtained after treatment with LPS(1 ${\mu}g/mL$) and SB for 24 hour. Then, it was incubated with the antibody-conj${\mu}g$ated beads for 30 minutes. And detection antibody was added and incubated for 30 minutes. After incubating for 30 minutes, Strepavidin-conjugated Phycoerythrin(SAPE) was then added. Incubating for another 30 minutes, the level of SAPE fluorescence was analyzed on Bio-plex Suspension Array System. Results : The results of the experiment are as follows. SB significantly inhibited the LPS-induced production of IL-3($9.15{\pm}0.35$ pg/mL) by $6.92{\pm}0.05,\;7.21{\pm}0.11,\;6.96{\pm}0.33,\;and\;7.45{\pm}0.74$ pg/mL at the concentration of 25, 50, 100, and 200 ${\mu}g/mL$ in mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells (p<0.05). SB significantly inhibited the LPS-induced production of IL-5($7.30{\pm}0.48$ pg/mL) by $6.50{\pm}0.29,\;6.30{\pm}0.25,\;6.30{\pm}0.25,\;and\;5.80{\pm}0.25$ pg/mL at the concentration of 25, 50 100, and 200 ${\mg}g/mL$ in RAW 264.7 cells (p<0.05). SB significantly inhibited the LPS-induced productiion of IL-9($17.26{\pm}0.19$ pg/mL) by $15.01{\pm}0.43$ pg/mL at the concentration of 25 ${\mu}g/mL$ in RAW 264.7 cells(p<0.05). SB significantly inhibited the LPS-induced productioh of IL-13($187.80{\pm}2.90$ pg/mL) by $152.80{\pm}4.25,\;172.80{\pm}3.97,\;162.10{\pm}6.67,\;and\;165.30{\pm}11.80$ pg/mL at the concentration fo 25, 50, 100, and 200 ${\mu}g/mL$ in RAW 264.7 cells(p<0.05). SB significantly inhibited the LPS-induced production of IL-17($18.30{\pm}0.95$ pg/mL) by $13.30{\pm}1.25,\;13.80{\pm}1.11,\;13.30{\pm}0.75,\;and\;14.00{\pm}1.08$ pg/mL at the concentration of 25, 50 100, and 200 ${\mu}g/mL$ in RAW 264.7 cells(p<0.05). SB significantly inhibited the LPS-induced production of IL-23($43.90{\pm}0.83$ pg/mL by $39.50{\pm}1.26,\;38.00{\pm}1.78,\;and\;39.60{\pm}2.49$ pg/mL at the concentration of 25, 100, and 200 ${\mu}g/mL$ in RAW 264.7 cells(p<0.05). Conclusions : These results suggest that SB has anti-inflammatory activity related with its inhibition of IL-3, IL-5, IL-13, IL-17, and IL-23 production in macrophages.

• 생약학회지
• /
• 제33권2호통권129호
• /
• pp.124-129
• /
• 2002

The effects of Helicobacter pylori and medicinal plants extract (Leweifang) on the viability and interleukin(IL)-8 production of gastric epithelial cell were investigated. Cells viability was significantly decreased when they incubated with H. pylori or H. pylori toxin. Co-incubation with Leweifang increased H. pylori or H. pylori toxin-inhibited cell growth in a concentration-dependent manner. The production of IL-8 was greatly increased in H. pylori-infected KATO III gastric epithelial cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The increased production of IL-8 was significantly inhibited by Leweifang $(1,000{\sim}5,000{\mu}g/ml)$. These results indicate that Leweifang has protective effect on H. pylori-inhibited cell growth and H. pylori-induced gastric mucosal cell inflammation by suppressing the production of inflammatory cytokine (IL-8) from gastric epithelial cells.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제34권5호
• /
• pp.441-448
• /
• 2021

This study was designed to investigate the intracellular signaling pathways and immunoenhancing effect of macrophage activation by crude polysaccharides (CPP) extracted from citrus peels. CPP did not affect the cytotoxicity of RAW264.7 cells, but showed dose-dependent effects on cell viability. Also, CPP showed high production of chemokine (nitric oxide (NO)) and cytokines (interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α). CPP increased IL-6, TNF-α, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression dose-dependently. CPP also strongly induced the phosphorylation of the ERK, p38, and IκBα pathways in RAW 264.7 cells. In anti-pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) experiments, the effect of CPP on NO production was strongly suppressed by neutralizing toll-like receptor (TLR)2, TLR4, and Dectin1 antibodies, whereas IL-6 and TNF-α production by CPP was mainly suppressed by mannose receptor (MR). Therefore, these results suggest that CPP treatment-induced NO production was regulated by the ERK, p38, and NF-κB pathways through TLR2, TLR4, and Dectin1 receptors, whereas IL-6 and TNF-α production was primarily regulated by the ERK, p38, and NF-κB pathways through MR receptors.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제22권6호
• /
• pp.525-531
• /
• 2014

In the present study, we investigated whether apigenin significantly affects tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$)-induced production and gene expression of MUC5AC mucin in airway epithelial cells. Confluent NCI-H292 cells were pretreated with apigenin for 30 min and then stimulated with TNF-${\alpha}$ for 24 h or the indicated periods. The MUC5AC mucin gene expression and mucin protein production were measured by reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Apigenin significantly inhibited MUC5AC mucin production and down-regulated MUC5AC gene expression induced by TNF-${\alpha}$ in NCI-H292 cells. To elucidate the action mechanism of apigenin, effect of apigenin on TNF-${\alpha}$-induced nuclear factor kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$) signaling pathway was also investigated by western blot analysis. Apigenin inhibited NF-${\kappa}B$ activation induced by TNF-${\alpha}$. Inhibition of inhibitory kappa B kinase (IKK) by apigenin led to the suppression of inhibitory kappa B alpha ($I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$) phosphorylation and degradation, p65 nuclear translocation. This, in turn, led to the down-regulation of MUC5AC protein production in NCI-H292 cells. Apigenin also has an influence on upstream signaling of IKK because it inhibited the expression of adaptor protein, receptor interacting protein 1 (RIP1). These results suggest that apigenin can regulate the production and gene expression of mucin through regulating NF-${\kappa}B$ signaling pathway in airway epithelial cells.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.59-65
• /
• 2015

In this study, we investigated whether cynaroside, cynarin and linarin derived from Chrysanthemum indicum L. affect the secretion, production and gene expression of MUC5AC mucin in airway epithelial cells. Confluent NCI-H292 cells were pretreated with cynaroside, cynarin or linarin for 30 min and then stimulated with PMA (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) for 24 h. The MUC5AC mucin gene expression, mucin protein production and secretion were measured by RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. Effect of linarin on EGF (epidermal growth factor) - or TNF-${\alpha}$ (tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$)-induced MUC5AC mucin gene expression and mucin protein production was also examined. The results were as follows: (1) Cynaroside and cynarin did not significantly affect PMA-induced MUC5AC mucin secretion from NCI-H292 cells. However, linarin decreased MUC5AC mucin secretion; (2) Cynaroside did not affect PMA-induced MUC5AC mucin production and gene expresion from NCI-H292 cells. However, cynarin and linarin inhibited the production and gene expression of MUC5AC mucin; (3) Linarin also inhibited the production and gene expression of MUC5AC mucin induced by EGF- or TNF-${\alpha}$ from NCI-H292 cells. These results suggest that linarin can regulate the gene expression, production and secretion of mucin, by directly acting on airway epithelial cells.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.490-496
• /
• 2020

Consumption of anti-inflammatory nutraceuticals may help treat or prevent inflammation-related illnesses such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. This study evaluated the effect of Croton hirtus L'Hér extract (CHE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling cascades. CHE significantly suppressed LPS-induced NO production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in RAW264.7 macrophages, although cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression was not affected. CHE also suppressed LPS-induced IκB kinase (IKK), IκB, and p65 phosphorylation in RAW264.7 cells. Western blot and immunofluorescence assays of cytosol and nuclear p65 and the catalytic subunit of NF-κB showed that CHE suppressed LPS-induced p65 translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus. CHE also suppressed LPS-induced Interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production in RAW264.7 cells. These results suggest that CHE prevents NO-mediated inflammation by suppressing NF-κB and inflammatory cytokines.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• 제26권5호
• /
• pp.375-382
• /
• 2003

Effects of ginsenosides on nitric oxide (NO) production induced by lipopolysaccharide plus TNF-$\alpha$ (LNT) were examined in C6 rat glioma cells. Among several ginsenosides, ginsenoside Rd showed a complete inhibition against LNT-induced NO production. Ginsenoside Rd attenuated LNT-induced increased phosphorylation of ERK. Among several immediate early gene products, only Jun Band Fra-1 protein levels were increased by LNT, and ginsenoside Rd attenuated Jun Band Fra-1 protein levels induced by LNT. Furthermore, LNT increased AP-1 DNA binding activities, which were partially inhibited by ginsenoside Rd. Our results suggest that ginsenoside Rd exerts an inhibitory action against NO production via blocking phosphorylation of ERK, in turn, suppressing immediate early gene products such as Jun Band Fra-1 in C6 glioma cells.