• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.431-446
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to examine current foodservice management practices at free congregate meal service for elderly people. Forty seven meal service centers as well as randomly selected Seoul and Kyunggido area were surveyed and interviewed and results were summarized as follows: The cost of each meal(lunch) was ranged from 1,300 won to 1,500 won and 68% of target centers were severed over 100 meals per day. Meal time for lunch begins from 10:30 am to 12:00 because great portion of elderly didn't take breakfast frequently. 52.3% of centers severed meal 5 times per week, just weekdays. 21.3% of centers employeed dietitian, 63.8% of center employeed cook. 95.7% of center were supported labor force by volunteers. Volunteer was important contribution to free meal service. Utilizing the labor force more effectively is thus a major challenge facing manager in each center. Ideal supporting system of free foodstuff, foodbank was still minor source of securing foodstuff. Most of centers(46 centers)served lunch, only one of them served breakfast and lunch. Government was the major financial sponsor, the second of them was religious organization. The large portions of financial support provided only food cost of total meal service budget. Most of center adapted self-service system. Standardized recipes were not developed and meal preparation was controlled under the experience of volunteers. Recording system of nutrition management, production control, storage and inventory control was not adapted by most of sites. It is suggested that in order to meet the change of the patterns of social and family structure, the service of the center should be offended in urban area and it is necessary to develop systematic management models for the center. It was suggested that not only financial support but also systematical support on management by the local government may be necessary to meet the goal of supply nutritionally balanced food at center.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.46-51
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• 2018

Hydrogen sulfide from landfill and sewage treatment plant is a major odor component and causes many civil petitions. Rapidly developing industries release hydrogen sulfide, an odorous gas, to the atmosphere. This study aims to develop a $10{\mu}mol/mol$ concentration level hydrogen sulfide primary standard gas for odor measurement. The hydrogen sulfide gas was prepared at a nominal concentration of $10{\mu}mol/mol$ in nitrogen using the gravimetric method described in ISO 6142. Replicate standard gases were produced in 4 aluminium cylinders, and their concentrations were verified by GC-AED. The uncertainty of production was less than 0.50 %, and the variation of the 4 replicates was 0.22 %. The wall adsorption of hydrogen sulfide in cylinders was 0.10 % at 1500 psi, and the concentration was estimated to be long-term stable for one year. The relative expanded uncertainty of the preparation consistency, adsorption and long-term stability of this hydrogen sulfide standard gas was less than 1.05 % (95 % of confidence level, k=2).

• 한국무역상무학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.45-72
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• 2006

The Equator Principles are a set of voluntary environmental and social guidelines for ethical project finance. These principles commit banks and other signatories to not finance projects that fail to meet these guidelines. The principles were conceived in 2002 on an initiative of the International Finance Corporation and launched in 2003. Since then, dozens of major banks have adopted the Principles, and with these banks among them accounting for more than three quarters of all project loan market volume the Principles have become the de facto standard for all banks and investors on how to deal with potential social and environmental effects of projects to be financed. While regarding the Principles an important initiative, NGOs have criticised the Principles for not producing real changes in financing activities and for allowing projects to go through that should have been screened out by the Principles, such as the Sakhalin-II oil and gas project in Russia. In early 2006, a process of revision of the principles was begun. The Equator Principles state that endorsing banks will only provide loans directly to projects under the following circumstances: - The risk of the project is categorized in accordance with internal guidelines based upon the environmental and social screening criteria of the International Finance Corporation (IFC). - For all medium or high risk projects (Category A and B projects), sponsors complete an Environmental Assessment, the preparation of which must meet certain requirements and satisfactorily address key environmental and social issues. - The Environmental Assessment report addresses baseline environmental and social conditions, requirements under host country laws and regulations, applicable international treaties and agreements, sustainable development and use of renewable natural resources, protection of human health, cultural properties, and biodiversity, including endangered species and sensitive ecosystems, use of dangerous substances, major hazards, occupational health and safety, fire prevention and life safety, socio-economic impacts, land acquisition and land use, involuntary resettlement, impacts on indigenous peoples and communities, cumulative impacts of existing projects, the proposed project, and anticipated future projects, participation of affected parties in the design, review and implementation of the project, consideration of feasible environmentally and socially preferable alternatives, efficient production, delivery and use of energy, pollution prevention and waste minimization, pollution controls (liquid effluents and air emissions) and solid and chemical waste management. - Based on the Environmental Assessment, Equator banks then make agreements with their clients on how they mitigate, monitor and manage those risks through an 'Environmental Management Plan'. Compliance with the plan is required in the covenant. If the borrower doesn't comply with the agreed terms, the bank will take corrective action, which if unsuccessful, could ultimately result in the bank canceling the loan and demanding immediate repayment. - For risky projects, the borrower consults with stakeholders (NGO's and project affected groups) and provides them with information on the risks of the project. - If necessary, an expert is consulted. The Principles only apply to projects over 50 million US dollars, which, according to the Equator Principles website, represent 97% of the total market. In early 2006, the financial institutions behind the Principles launched stakeholder consultations and negotiations aimed at revising the principles. The draft revised principles were met with criticism from NGO stakeholders, who in a joint position paper argued that the draft fails by ignoring the most serious critiques of the principles: a lack of consistent and rigorous implementation.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 2007

The arylsulfatase gene (astA, 984 bp ORF) from Pseudoalteromonas carrageenovora genome was amplified by PCR and subcloned into the pHCE-IA vector, in which the hyper consitutive expression (HCE) promoter from the D-amino acid aminotransferase (D-AAT) gene of Geobacillus toevii was employed. The transformant cell, Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3)/pHCE-AST, on LB agar plate containig 4-methylumbelliferyl sulfate, showed an intense fluorescence at 360 nm, indicating that 4-methylumbelliferone was liberated by desulfatate activity. When BL21 (DE3)/pHCE-AST was grown on LB media containing 0.4% glucose or 0.4% glycerol, the arylsulfatase activity was higher at glycerol rather than at glucose. On 2% glycerol medium, the arylsulfatase activity reached 15.0 unit/ml, which was 2.6-fold higher expression level than that with 1% glycerol. The DNA ladder in agarose prepared from agar by this recombinant enzyme revealed similar resolution and migration patterns with a commercial agarose. This results suggests that arylsulfatase overexpressed in E. coli could be applicable to the economic production of electrophoretic-grade agarose.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.701-708
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• 2019

Animal glue is a natural adhesive made from processed skins or bones of animals. It is widely used in wooden crafts, papercrafts, dancheong painting, and pictures. Accurate evaluation of the quality of animal glues during production and use is difficult because there is no formal method for testing the glue's properties during pretreatment and measurement conditions. Thus, in this study, a series of tests were carried out by changing the conditions of swelling, temperature, and concentration of animal glue and gelatin sold on the market. Twelve types of animal glues were evaluated, having a viscosity range of 12.67 cP to 29.43 cP. The results showed that the physical characteristics of the glues were stable when allowed to swell for six h in distilled water(23℃). When 10%(by weight in distilled water) of the animal glue was measured in the reflective mode of a spectrophotometer, the optical characteristics of the glues were stable. Powdered animal glues have a medium brightness and middle-high chroma. Relative to powdered glues, stick animal glues have a low brightness and a medium chroma. Based on the results of this study, it is expected that the data can be assembled into a form so that animal glue workers can use it as a reference for the preparation of evaluation standards for testing the characteristics of animal glues.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.525-535
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• 2017

In order to produce hydrophilic coating solution, which has superior antifogging and antifouling effect on the glass surface of solar cell module as well as improving photovoltaic efficiency, nanosilica was dispersed in an aqueous solution of Tween 20 and fluorosurfactant composed of decafluorobutane and polyethylene glycol. The antifogging effect at high temperature was excellent for all the coating solutions containing nanosilica, but the antifouling effect was observed when the content of nanosilica was over 6 wt%. As the content of fluorosurfactant increased, the initial water contact angle slightly increased and the antifogging effect remained well until 500 wiping with wet $Wipeol^{(R)}$. The antifouling effect was also excellent regardless of the content of fluorosurfactant, thus 0.1 wt% of the fluorosurfactant was enough for a coating solution production. From the AFM results, when 0.1 wt% to 0.3 wt% of the fluoro surfactant was added, the fractal structure of the coated glass surface was clearly existed and contributed to the better antifouling effect. The transmittance of coated glass surface was highest in TL-1 coating solution containing 0.1 wt% of fluorosurfactant, and the addition of fluorosurfactant in a larger amount than 0.1 wt% did not improve the transmittance. This result is in good agreement with the previous AFM result which shows a high surface roughness as well as a fractal structure formation for the TL-1 coating solution.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1997

In order to utilize fish by-products from the skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) canning manufactures Lactobacillus buigaricus KCTC 3188 and L. piantarum KCTC 1048 were used as a starter culture for the preparation of fermented fish silage with skipjark tuna viscera. The optimum temperature and pH on barterial growth and lactic acid production of L. bulgaricus and L. plantarum in MRS broth were $35^{\circ}C$ and around pH 6.0, respectively. And the optimum concentrations of the carbohydrate sources added to the broths were $7\%$ for dextrose and $10\%$ for molasses on the basis of total weights of skipjack tuna viscera. The pH of acid treated skipjack tuna viscera silage (ASS) slightly increased from 4.0 to 4.5, while that of fermented skipjack tuna viscera silages by the use of lactic acid bacterias (FSS) was significantly declined from 5.9 to about 40 after 42 days of storage at $35^{\circ}C$. Though the content of volatile basie nitrogen (VBN) in ASS was lower than those of FSS after 42 days of storage at $35^{\circ}C$, VBN content in silages slightly increased from an initial value of $62\~65{\cdot}mg/100g$ to final value of $113\~155\;mg/100g$ over 42 days. The fermented silage by L. piantarum reached a maximum concentration of amino nitrogen and showed $81\%$ of hydrolysis degree after 4 days of storage at $35^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.508-514
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to analyze information about food and nutrition presented through the television broadcast media, with the aim of finding out the optimal communication method for supplying the general public with accurate information. To perform this study, a total of sixteen monitoring people were recruited and trained before and during the study. Five domestic TV channels were selected to be monitored, and the total monitoring period was six months. For maximum efficiency, the monitoring people were assigned to 8 teams. The results of the present study can be summarized as follows : First, the total reported cases of information about food and nutrition were 237, of which about 30% were judged appropriate and 70％ as inappropriate. Second, classifying each case by program type, information programs made up the highest portion at 82 cases (34.6%), cooking programs accounted for 76 cases (32.1%), news programs for 40 cases (16.9%), and entertainment programs for 7 cases (3.0%). The analysis showed that the greatest amount of incorrect information was found in dramas, followed by entertainment, information, cooking and news programs. Third, classifying each case by theme of contents monitored, meal preparation and cookery made up the highest portion at 86 cases (36.3%), foods accounted for 67 cases (28.3%), disease and diet-therapy for 40 cases (16.9%), eating habits for 31 cases (13.1%), and diet and fitness for 13 cases (5.5%). Incorrect information was conveyed most often on the themes of food habits, foods, disease and diet-therapy, cookery, and diet and fitness. Fourth, classifying each case by channel, Cable TV had the highest frequency at 72 cases (30.4%), MBC had 51 cases (21.5%), SBS had 43 cases (18.1%), KBS1 had 41 cases (17.3%) and KBS2 had 30 cases (12.7%). In conclusion, systematic monitoring should be continued to reduce the frequency of incorrect information being broadcast and to help ensure that accurate information is conveyed to the general public. Moreover, there should be a system of cooperation to provide information to help broadcast production teams establish a strategic program. Finally, it is essential to organize an advisory team by promoting links between the mass media and specialists in the field, and to develop an educational program on nutrition to help ensure the communication of accurate information on food and nutrition. (Korean J Nutrition 36(5): 508∼514, 2003)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.175-181
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• 1981

This study was carried out to investigate the feasibility of production of soy yogurt, which is inexpensive and high protein product with an acceptable flavor, from soy milk using lactic acid bacteria. Utilization of various carbohydrates by Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus was stuied. Sucrose, the major carbohydrate in soymilk, was fermented by L. acidophilus and S. thermophilus. None of the testing microorganisms was able to ferment melibiose and raffinose. Growth of lactic acid bacteria in soymilk was examined every 4 hour. L. acidophilus exhibited the highest growth rate during the early stage. After 16 hours of incubation, however, all the cultures with the exception of L. bulgaricus grew at nearly equal rates. Microscopic examination of mixed cultures showed that the presence of S. thermophilus was much more pronounced than that of L. bulgaricus. All the cultures with the exception of L. bulgaricus formed acid rapidly during 16 hours of incubation, bringing the titratable acidity to 0.6% and pH to 4.3, which was sufficient to cause coagulation of soymilk. L. bulgaricus produced acid to a much lesser extent and caused coagulation of soymitk after 30 hours at earliest. Three kinds of yogurts were prepared from 100% soymilk, 100% milk and 50% soy-50% milk combination by S. thermophilus and were evaluated by taste panel. Soy yogurt received a significantly lower mean odor score than milk yogurt. Soy yogurt had custardlike texture, while milk yogurt was syrupy. However the scores for texture as well as those for color and flavor did not differ significantly among the treatment. The mean total scores for yogurts were not significantly different and were equivalent to ratings between good and high fair.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 1979

The possibility of utilizing greet amount of by-product of ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. meyer) plant-that is, production of ter from ginseng leaf, was studied and the results are summarized as follows: 1. Ginseng leaf contains more soluble matter than tea leaf (Thea sinensis) and the soluble matter is easily extracted by hot water. 2. Ginseng leaf has less tannin (2.2%) than yea leaf (7.89%). Therefore, it has less astringency than tea. 3. Vitamin C content of ginseng leaf is not compared with that of tea leaf. In fact, ginseng leaf contains Vitamin C $50{\sim}110$ times of tea leaf. 4. Ginseng leaf contains $5.7{\sim}8.5%$ glycoside (dammaranes) and the ratio of panaxadiol to panaxatriol is $0.54{\sim}0.75$ that is, panaxatriol contents is high. 5. For the acceptability of the product related with the soluble matter contents and color the method of extracting 2g of ginseng leaf product in 200ml of water for 3 minutes is recommended. 6. As a result of evaluating the flavor characteristics and effective components of the products, product D which is produced by the process of steaming, drying and roasting is considered to have the best quality.