• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2013

This paper presents the development of the FCF method for the manufacturing of final products using numbers related to the minimum amount of work. The utilized product is a drum clutch, which is part of the transmission of an automobile. A double acting press is secured first and a prediction of the forming load on the practical material is made through an experiment with a plasticine model. Also, a finite element simulation using product shape and properties is performed, as well as a press experiment. A double acting press is manufactured that is suitable for a double acting experiment with a conventional hydraulic press(200 tons). A peripheral device for the press is additionally designed for experimental purposes. And, the press has as its essential points the drive speed, stroke control, etc., all of which influence the forming and is modified. Especially, a laser system is used for velocity measurement of two punches. The forming load of a practical material is predicted in order to derive a forming load formula for cold conditions on the basis of approximate similarity theory. Finite element analysis of the relative velocity ratio(RVR), etc., for most suitable flow defect(unfilling, etc.) prevention is achieved as well. The results are verified through a press experiment.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.47-57
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• 2019

The purpose of the study was to explore effective satisfaction factors for continuous partnerships between fashion companies and artists. A questionnaire was developed by the researchers and results were collected from a total of 273 people who were working for a fashion company or working as an artist. Data was analyzed by the use of a frequency test, a reliability test, an exploratory factor analysis and a structure equation model analysis using AMOS 18.0. The results of the study were as follow. First, profitability and adequacy had significant effects, but awareness had no effect on confidence concerning the partnership. Second, awareness and profitability showed significant effects, but adequacy showed no effect on the flow among those in the partnership. Third, confidence had a significant effect on flow. Fourth, among the partnership factors, confidence and flow had significant effects on partnership satisfaction. Fifth, flow showed a significant effect on the intent for a continuous partnership, but confidence showed no effect.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.101-124
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• 2009

According to Wikipedia, virtual reality (VR) is defined as a technology that allows a user to interact with a computer-simulated environment. Due to a rapid growth in information technology (IT), the cost of virtual reality has been decreasing while the utility of virtual reality advertisements has dramatically increased. Nevertheless, only a few studies have investigated the effects of virtual reality advertisement on consumer behaviors. Therefore, the objective of this study is to empirically examine the effects of virtual reality advertisement. Compared to traditional online advertisements, virtual reality advertisement enables consumers to experience products realistically over the Internet by providing high media richness, interactivity, and telepresence (Suh and Lee, 2005). Advertisements with high media richness facilitate consumers' understanding of advertised products by providing them with a large amount and a high variety of information on the products. Interactivity also provides consumers with a high level of control over the computer-simulated environment in terms of their abilities to adjust the information according to their individual interests and concerns and to be active rather than passive in their engagement with the information (Pimentel and Teixera, 1994). Through high media richness and interactivity, virtual reality advertisements can generate compelling feelings of "telepresence" (Suh and Lee, 2005). Telepresence is a sense of being there in an environment by means of a communication medium (Steuer, 1992). Virtual reality advertisements enable consumers to create a perceptual illusion of being present and highly engaged in a simulated environment, while they are in reality physically present in another place (Biocca, 1997). Based on the characteristics of virtual reality advertisements, a research model has been proposed to explain consumer responses to the virtual reality advertisements. The proposed model includes two dimensions of consumer responses. One dimension is consumers' rational response, which is based on the Information Processing Theory. Based on the Information Processing Theory, product knowledge and perceived risk are selected as antecedents of intention to purchase. The other dimension is emotional response of consumers, which is based on the Attitude-Structure Theory. Based on the Attitude-Structure Theory, arousal, flow, and positive affect are selected as antecedents of intention to purchase. Because it has been criticized to have investigated only one of the two dimensions of consumer response in prior studies, our research model has been built so as to incorporate both dimensions. Based on the Attitude-Structure Theory, we hypothesized the path of consumers' emotional responses to a virtual reality advertisement: (H1) Arousal by the virtual reality advertisement increases flow; (H2) Flow increases positive affect; and (H3) Positive affect increases intension to purchase. In addition, we hypothesized the path of consumers' rational responses to the virtual reality advertisement based on the Information Processing Theory: (H4) Increased product knowledge through the virtual reality advertisement decreases perceived risk; and (H5) Perceived risk decreases intension to purchase. Based on literature of flow, we additionally hypothesized the relationship between flow and product knowledge: (H6) Flow increases product knowledge. To test the hypotheses, we conducted a free simulation experiment [Fromkin and Streufert, 1976] with 300 people. Subjects were asked to use the virtual reality advertisement of a cellular phone on the Internet and then answer questions about the variables. To check whether subjects fully experienced the virtual reality advertisement, they were asked to answer a quiz about the virtual reality advertisement itself. Responses of 26 subjects were dropped because of their incomplete answers. Responses of 274 subjects were used to test the hypotheses. It was found that all of six hypotheses are accepted. In addition, we found that consumers' emotional response has stronger impact on their intention to purchase than their rational response does. This study sheds much light into practical implications for both IS researchers and managers. First of all, while most of previous research has analyzed only one of the customers' rational and emotional responses, we theoretically incorporated and empirically examined both of the two sides. Second, we empirically showed that mediators such as arousal, flow, positive affect, product knowledge, and perceived risk play an important role between virtual reality advertisement and customer's intention to purchase. In addition, the findings of this study can provide a basis of practical strategies for managers. It was found that consumers' emotional response is stronger than their rational response. This result indicates that advertisements using virtual reality should focus on the emotional side, and that virtual reality can be served as an appropriate advertisement tool for fancy products that require their online advertisements to give an impetus to customers' emotion. Finally, even if this study examined the effects of virtual reality advertisement of cellular phone, its findings could be applied to other products that are suited for virtual experience. However, this research has some limitations. We were unable to control different kinds of consumers and different attributes of products on consumers' intention to purchase. It is, therefore, deemed important for future research to control the consumer and product types for more reliable results. In addition to the consumer and product attributes, other variables could affect consumers' intention to purchase. Thus, the future research needs to find ways t control other variables.

• 벤처혁신연구
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.147-175
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• 2020

4 차 산업 혁명과 Covid 19 바이러스는 패션 산업을 오프라인에서 온라인으로 이동시키고 있습니다. 본 연구는 디지털 경험 요인이 구매의도 및 구매에 미치는 영향에 대해 분석한 것이다. 디지털 경험 가치가 강한 온라인 쇼핑몰을 연구 대상으로 삼았다. 연구 모형은 기존의 마케팅 믹스의 확장된 디지털 마케팅 믹스를 기반으로 하였다. 이를 기반으로 이론적 배경과 선행 연구를 바탕으로 독립 변수, 매개 변수에 온라인 쇼핑몰 산업의 맥락에 맞게 변수를 추가해서 모형을 도출 하였다. 독립 변수는 디지털 마케팅 믹스의 다양성 추구(Product variety), 가격 효율성(Price efficiency), 편의성 추구(Convenience), 소통과 공유(Conversation)를 사용하였다. 온라인 쇼핑몰에 있어서 개인화(Personalization)는 매우 중요한 요소이므로 이를 추가하였다. 또한 온라인 쇼핑몰에서 중요한 요소인 매개 변수로 플로우(Flow)를 추가하였다. 종속 변수는 구매 의도(Purchase intention)뿐만 아니라 구매(Purchase)를 변수로 활용하였다. 설정된 연구 모형의 실증적인 검정과 연구 결과의 일반화를 위해서 디지털이 경험 속성이 중요한 온라인 쇼핑몰(Online Shopping Mall)을 대상으로 연구를 진행 하였다. 이를 위해 온라인 쇼핑몰 기존 사용자를 대상으로 설문 조사를 실시하였다. 수취된 350부 중 총 307부의 유효한 응답을 분석의 대상으로 삼았다. 통계 분석은 SPSS 24, Process 3.4 등의 통계 패키지를 활용하였으며, 이를 통해 연구 가설을 검정하였다. 인과 관계 검정에서 다양성 추구, 편의성 추구, 소통과 공유 모두 구매 의도에 영향을 미쳤으나, 가격 효율성, 개인화의 경우 통계적인 유효한 영향을 미치지 않았다. 특히 다양성 추구 및 소통과 공유 변인이 구매 의도에 가장 큰 영향에 미치는 요인으로 검정되었다. 온라인 쇼핑몰에서 플로우가 다양성 추구(Product variety)는 구매 의도(Purchase intention) 간 부분 매개 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 반면에 개인화(Personalization)는 구매 의도(Purchase intention) 간 완전 매개 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 개인화 경우는 즐거움과 몰입이라고 하는 플로우 경험이 있을 경우만 구매 의도에 유의한 여향을 미치는 것으로 검정되었다. 즉 플로우 경험 상태에서는 기업이 제공하는 개인화에 대하여 개인정보 보호 등의 부정적인 반응을 하지 않고 구매 의도에 긍정적으로 느끼고 있음이 검정되었다. 이것은 온라인 특성상 오프라인과 상이하게 영업사원, 점원 등의 인적인 도움 없이 소비자 스스로가 전반적인 구매여정을 수행해야하기 때문에 플로우 경험이 매개변수로 구매 의도에 유의한 영향을 주는 것으로 검정되었다. 이를 토대로 학술적 및 실무적 시사점을 제시하였다.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.257-262
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• 2012

Flow accelerated corrosion (FAC) of the carbon steel piping in nuclear power plants (NPPs) has been major issue in nuclear industry. Rotating cylinder FAC test facility was designed and fabricated and then performance of the facility was evaluated. The facility is very simple in design and economic in fabrication and can be used in material and chemistry screening test. The facility is equipped with on line monitoring of pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen(DO), and temperature. Fluid velocity is controlled with rotating speed of the cylinder with a test specimen. FAC test of SA106 Gr. B carbon steel under 4 m/s flow velocity was performed with the rotating cylinder at DO concentration of less than 1 ppb and of 1.3 ppm. Also a corrosion test of the carbon steel at static condition, that is at zero fluid velocity, of test specimen and solution was performed at pH from 8 to 10 for comparison with the FAC data. For corrosion test in static condition, the amount of non adherent corrosion product was almost constant at pH ranging from 8 to 10. But adherent corrosion product decreased with increasing pH. This trend is consistent with decrease of Fe solubility with an increase in pH. For FAC test with rotating cylinder FAC test facility, the amount of non adherent corrosion product was also almost same for both DO concentrations. The rotating cylinder FAC test facility will be further improved by redesigning rotating cylinder and FAC specimen geometry for future work.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.413-418
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• 2006

Sodium hyaluronate (NaHA), water soluble polymer having ultra-high molecular weight, is characterized by using on-line frit inlet asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (FI-AFlFFF) and multiangle light scattering (MALS). This study demonstrates the capability of power programming FI-AFlFFF for the separation of NaHA and the applicability of FI-AFlFFF with MALS for the characterization of molecular weight distribution and their structural information. Since sample injection and relaxation in FI-AFlFFF are achieved by using hydrodynamic relaxation, separation of high molecular weight polymers can be achieved smoothly without halting the separation flow. Experiments are carried out with the two different NaHA products (a raw NaHA sample and a thermally degraded NaHA product) and molecular weight distribution and conformations in solution are determined. Influence of sample filtration on the change of molecular weight distribution is also discussed.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.369-378
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• 2010

The creation of the hydraulic turbine flow factor map will undoubtedly benefit its design by decreasing both the design cycle time and product cost. In this paper, the geometry and flow variables, which effectively affect the flow factor, are proposed, analyzed and determined. These flow variables are further used to create the operating condition maps by using different model approaches categorized into Response Surface Method (RSM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The accuracies of models created by different approaches are compared and the performances of model approaches are analyzed. The influences of chosen variables and the combination of Principle Component Analysis (PCA) and model approaches are also studied. The comparison results between predicted and actual flow factors suggest that two-hidden-layer Feed-forward Neural Network (FFNN), and one.hidden-layer FFNN with PCA has the best performance on forming this mapping, and are accurate sufficiently for hydraulic turbine design.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.191-199
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• 2007

Precision injection molding process is of great importance since precision optical products such as CD, DVD and various lens are manufactured by those process. In such products, birefringence affects the optical performance while residual stress that determines the geometric precision level. Therefore, it is needed to study residual stress and birefringence that affect deformation and optical quality, respectively in precision optical product. In the present study, we tried to predict residual stress, final shrinkage and birefringence in injection molded parts in a systematic way, and compared numerical results with the corresponding experimental data. Residual stress and birefringence can be divided into two parts, namely flow induced and thermally induced portions. Flow induced birefringence is dominant during the flow, whereas thermally induced stress is much higher than flow induced one when amorphous polymer undergoes rapid cooling across the glass transition region. A numerical system that is able to predict birefringence, residual stress and final shrinkage in injection molding process has been developed using hybrid finite element-difference method for a general three dimensional thin part geometry. The present modeling attempts to integrate the analysis of the entire process consistently by assuming polymeric materials as nonlinear viscoelastic fluids above a no-flow temperature and as linear viscoelastic solids below the no-flow temperature, while calculating residual stress, shrinkage and birefringence accordingly. Thus, for flow induced ones, the Leonov model and stress-optical law are adopted, while the linear viscoelastic model, photoviscoelastic model and free volume theory taking into account the density relaxation phenomena are employed to predict thermally induced ones. Special cares are taken of the modeling of the lateral boundary condition which can consider product geometry, histories of pressure and residual stress. Deformations at and after ejection have been considered using thin shell viscoelastic finite element method. There were good correspondences between numerical results and experimental data if final shrinkage, residual stress and birefringence were compared.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제33권9호
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• pp.1409-1418
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• 2009

This study investigates the relationship among interactivity, telepresence, flow, and future behavior intention in internet shopping. Respondents were female consumers age 20 to 30. These consumers are regarded to have experience in internet shopping. 500 samples were used in this research. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, factor analysis, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis were used for this study. As the result, interactivity, telepresence, and flow affect future behavior intention. Flow is the most influential variable affecting the future behavior intention. It implies that hedonic shopping experience (aroused by flow) can increase the future behavior intention of consumers. Consumers can operate and change the product image with convenience by encouraging interactivity between the internet fashion shopping mall and consumers. Through the technology, the experience 'flow' of consumers can provide a sense of telepresence as if they were shopping in a real store. Consumers may feel unconscious of the passage of time and feel fun, free, and original. Therefore, the internet shopping mall should pay attention to what customers demand and reflect it through e-mail, real time chatting, and text messages. In addition, rich product information such as detailed images should be supplied to help customers visualize looks.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.278-285
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• 2022

본 연구는 VR 광고에서 현준감과 플로우 수준에 따라 광고태도와 기억정보의 유형인 속성 관련 기억정보와 종합적인 평가적 기억정보에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 살펴보는 것이다. 실험은 3X2 피험자간 요인설계로 진행되었다. 현대자동차 아이오닉 VR영상으로 진행되었고 143명의 피험자 설문지가 연구에 사용되었다. 연구 결과 감정적 현존감이 가장 높을 때 광고태도가 긍정적이었다. 또한 인지적 현존감이 기억에 미치는 영향은 플로우가 높을 때 제품 속성 정보 등의 ARM이 증가하였고 플로우 수준이 낮을 때는 GRM이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 플로우가 높을 때는 GRM이 증가하는 것이 확인되었지만 플로우가 낮을 때는 ARM이 증가하는 것이 확인되었다. 본 실험에서 사용된 가상현실 광고는 기존의 광고로 브랜드 현존하는 브랜도여서 사전태도가 연구 결과의 가외 변인으로 작용되어 연구 결과의 일반화에 부정적인 영향을 미쳤을 가능성이 있다. 이에 향후 연구에서는 가상의 브랜드로 실험을 진행하는 것이 바람직할 것이다.