• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.515-524
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• 2013

To study product properties of digital spaces, we strongly need to formulate meaningful adjacency relations on digital products. Thus the paper [7] firstly developed a normal adjacency relation on a digital product which can play an important role in studying the multiplicative property of a digital fundamental group, and product properties of digital coverings and digitally continuous maps. The present paper mainly surveys the normal adjacency relation on a digital product, improves the assertion of Boxer and Karaca in the paper [4] and restates Theorem 6.4 of the paper [19].

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.763-776
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• 2018

In this paper we consider the element-wise (Hadamard) product (or sum) of elliptic divisibility sequences and study the periodic structure of these sequences. We obtain that the element-wise product (or sum) of elliptic divisibility sequences are periodic modulo a prime p like linear recurrence sequences. Then we study periodicity properties of product sequences. We generalize our results to the case of modulo $p^l$ for some prime p > 3 and positive integer l. Finally we consider the p-adic behavior of product sequences and give a generalization of [9, Theorem 4].

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.193-208
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• 2004

In this paper, we further enrich the theory of starcompactness properties by clarifying relationships between various types of weak covering properties and starcompactness and starcompactness-like properties. We also study star-$Linde{\ddot{o}}fness$ of ${\sigma}$-product spaces.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.1069-1077
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• 2013

Several authors investigated the properties which are invariant under the passage from a group to its nonabelian tensor square. In the present note we study this problem from the viewpoint of the classes of groups and the methods allow us to prove a result of invariance for some geometric properties of discrete groups.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.79-91
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• 2015

Purpose - First, the study identifies and analyzes consumer preferences with regard to health foods and supplements. Second, it identifies and analyzes consumer preferences with regard to the properties of Vitamin C supplements. Third, in order to provide a basic data for the development of Vitamin C supplements and to measure how consumers value the properties of different Vitamin C products, a consumer survey was conducted through the choice-based conjoint model. Based on the results, the research estimates consumers' relative product-related priorities as well as price levels and willingness to pay (WTP) for different product types, and makes suggestions regarding consumer-oriented new product development and progressive directions for the successful launch of health foods and supplements. Research design, data, and methodology - This study aims to define the attributes of health foods and supplements based on several characteristics including their natural ingredients, product price, product originality, natural ingredient content, and additional functional ingredients, and makes suggestions regarding strategic market pricing and product development for health foods and supplements according to customer attitudes and characteristics. The research used choice-based conjoint analysis methodology based on the Multinomial Logic Model and collected 94 questionnaires filled out by users of Korean Vitamin C supplements. Results - Product price is the most influential factor among the five analyzed properties. When consumers buy Vitamin C products, the relative significance level of four of the examined properties is as follows: 40.9% for product price, 23.3% for product originality, 21.9% for natural ingredient content, and 13.9% for additional functional ingredients. Vitamin C content is excluded as it is not a statistically significant factor. It is interesting that supplement manufacturers and retailers consider Vitamin C content to be very important whereas consumers do not regard it as an important factor at the time of purchase. The results for the marginal willingness to pay (MWTP) for each property of Vitamin C supplements show that consumers are willing to pay an additional 11,146 Korean won for a 50% increase in the natural ingredient content. With regard to product originality, consumers are willing to pay an additional 11,301 Korean won for products manufactured in Europe than for products manufactured in China. Moreover, consumers show a greater preference for products manufactured in Korea than in Europe. However, consumers are not willing to pay more for additional Vitamin C or additional functional ingredients added to Vitamin C products. Conclusions - According to the results of consumer research on Vitamin C supplements, which represent a popular health food supplement in Korea, most Korean health food and supplement companies are not consumer- or market-oriented when developing new products. Companies gather information from either R&D specialists or sales managers and their opinions are highly reflected in new product development. The study's results will help companies recognize the importance of understanding consumers' unmet needs in advance to develop new products in the future.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.387-403
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• 2018

Shifting, scaling and modulation proprerties for the convolution product of the Fourier-Feynman transform of functionals in a generalized Fresnel class ${\mathcal{F}}_{A1,A2}$ are given. These properties help us to obtain convolution product of new functionals from the convolution product of old functionals which we know their convolution product.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-3
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• 1973

In this paper, we want to verify some properties in tensor product. It is interesting to think semi-exact sequence in tensor Product by [3]. Moreover no hardness is there in process and we want to discuss the commutativity in tensor product. For a certain semi-exact sequence, if we product arbitrary Abelian group for each group then the tensor Product will do or not. Here, we have positive answer. At first we define the semi-exact sequence as following.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.163-172
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• 1995

G.Lumer [8] introduced the concept of semi-product space. H.M.El-Hamouly [7] introduced the concept of fuzzy inner product spaces. In this paper, we defined fuzzy semi-inner-product space and investigated some properties of fuzzy semi product space.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.262-265
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• 2006

The antioxidative properties of lactobacilli originating from humans (Lactobacillus acidophilus KCTC 3111, Lactobacillus jonsonii KCTC 3141, Lactobacillus acidophilus KCTC 3151, and Lactobacillus brevis KCTC 3498) were investigated using in vitro methods, including inhibition of lipid peroxidation, resistance to hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity. L. acidophilus KCTC 3111 showed the highest inhibition of lipid peroxidation in both intact cells (49.7%) and cell lysate (65.2%). This strain exhibited resistance to hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical, which was viable for 7 h in the concentration of 1.0 mM hydrogen peroxide. In addition, this strain showed high hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. In the GPX activity assay, the highest activity was measured in L. brevis 3498. GPX activity of L acidophilus 3111 was lower than that of L. brevis 3498.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.81-87
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• 2014

Conditions of paper manufacturing process should be changed depending on the end use and paper properties. Most of the case, mixed pulps with long softwood fibers and short hardwood fibers are used to achieve proper qualities of product with reasonable production cost. For specialty paper manufacture the wood pulp and cotton linter pulp are usually mixed together. The objectives of this study is to analyze physical, mechanical and fracture mechanical properties of paper depending on SwBKP, HwBKP and cotton linter pulp(CLP) mixing. When the mixing ratio of SwBKP was increased, strength properties, such as tensile, tear, and folding endurance, were also increased. When the mixing ratio of SwBKP and HwBKP was increased, stress concentration index was decreased and fracture toughness was increased.