• Title/Summary/Keyword: Producer

Search Result 1,196, Processing Time 0.029 seconds

Investigation of Characteristics of Incinerator Bottom Ash and Assessment for Recycle due to the Change of MSW Composition (생활폐기물 성상변화에 따른 소각시설 바닥재의 특성 변화와 시멘트 클링커 원료로 재활용 가능성 평가)

  • Lee, Woo Chan;Shin, Deuk Chol;Dong, Jong In
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
    • /
    • v.25 no.1
    • /
    • pp.103-106
    • /
    • 2014
  • Recycling of bottom ash from municipal solid waste (MSW) incinerator has been strictly limited due to its composition of high level chlorine and other unfavorable substances. The composition of MSW has been, however, changed after the introduction of garbage-bag sales system, extended producer responsibility (EPR) policy and the prohibition of direct landfill of food waste. Recent waste shows reduced moisture and chlorine content, increased calorific value due to the separation of food waste, incombustible materials and PVC. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the trend of composition changes of MSW incinerator bottom ash and to compare the analytical results with those before the separation system was introduced. CaO content of bottom ash, one of the major component of cement clinker, increased from 26.7% in 2001 to 34.0% in 2006. The chlorine content showed a dramatic decrease from 1.84% in 2001 to 0.00655% in 2006, which is closely compatible with that of the fly ash of coal-utilizing thermal power plants, which is mainly due to the changes of MSW composition. It is eventually considered that there is a possibility of utilizing the incinerator bottom ash as a raw material of cement clinker feed substances.

Farm Animal Mortality Management Practices in Sunchon-si (순천시의 폐사가축 처리실태에 관한 연구)

  • Hong, Ji-Hyung
    • Journal of Animal Environmental Science
    • /
    • v.16 no.3
    • /
    • pp.245-252
    • /
    • 2010
  • Disposal methods of managing carcass in Korea livestock production systems include burying, digesting, rendering, carcass dumping to manure pile, dead animal disposer and mini-incinerator. Burying was usually the most practical method of carcass disposal in our livestock farms. Burying, carcass dumping to manure pile, dead animal disposer and mini-incinerator may have environmental regulatory and economic liabilities when used as a means of carcass disposal. In many cases in this survey, these disposal methods offer a poor choice for the producer due to individual site conditions, geology, cost, air emissions, rendering plants. A survey questionnaire that addressed the issues to livestock producers was prepared. The questionnaire addressed two main topics as follows: 1) types of livestock and generation amounts of carcass 2) Number of breeding animals and disposal methods of livestock mortality. A total of 36 livestock producers were interviewed. The results of obtained in this survey were summarized as follows: The number of breeding poultry, swine, beef cow and dairy cow was 251,000, 2,600, 142 and 92 heads per year and the generation amounts of annually carcass was 0.46, 15.32, 0.36, 1.36 tons per year of each poultry, swine, beef cow and dairy cow farms, respectively. The disposal methods of carcass were burying (42%), carcass dumping to manure pile (36%), rendering (8%), incineration (6%), digesting (6%), carcass disposer (2%), respectively. These results can be used as basic information to establish the standard of carcass composting facility.

Analysis of General Characteristics and Structural Characteristics Centering on Offline Board Games (오프라인 보드게임을 중심으로한 일반적 특성과 구조적 특성 분석)

  • Park, Bo-Ra;Lim, Hee-Jung;Lee, Ye-Jin;Yi, Ryun-Jae;Yang, Yeong-Ae
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
    • /
    • v.17 no.5
    • /
    • pp.234-242
    • /
    • 2017
  • This study selected 60 board games that have a high sales rate and awareness in the board game market, and analyzed 37 board games that were selected through the advice of experts. According to the analysis of general characteristics, there was the highest number of board games that more than 2 people could participate and people from ages 7 to 11 could use, and the most common play time was from 20 minutes to 30 minutes. Also, there was the largest number of board games produced in 2000s, and Germany was the most common producer of board games. Next, the content analysis showed that abstract strategy was the most common game genre, and cognitive domain was the most common in the development area. The analysis based on how to play the game showed that games that had to go through 4 stages were the most common. Card games were the most common form of game, group was the most common in organization form, and reaching goal was most common among result analysis method. According to the analysis of correlation by items, the number of people and work analysis had a statistical correlation, and the playing age, time, and genre had a correlation. The origin of the game and game genre were also correlated to each other, and game form, game genre, organization form, and result analysis had a statistical correlation as well. The purpose of this study is to analyze the board game in terms of structural characteristics and to provide a foundation for future research.

What does publicness mean in social services?: A conceptual understanding on publicness (사회서비스의 공공성은 무엇을 의미하는가? -서비스 주체에 따른 공공성의 내용을 중심으로-)

  • Yang, Seong-Wook;Rho, Yeonhee
    • Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
    • /
    • v.43 no.1
    • /
    • pp.31-57
    • /
    • 2012
  • The purpose of this study is to understand the concept of publicness in social services. Recently, it has been argued that publicness be one of the key elements of social services even under the current social service marketization. Although publicness has been discussed in different ways in various academic areas, there is no consensus of what publicness really means, especially in social services. Therefore, reviewing discussions on publicness, this study intends to discover commonly shared aspects of publicness, and ultimately to suggest meanings of publicness in social services. This study also attempts to discuss whether different types of social service producers require different types of publicness under the context of welfare mix and social service marketization. The publicness in social services is related to various aspects: the scope of service recipients, trust toward social services, appropriate composition of services, social integration, role of government, and public accountability. Also it is suggested that the specific meaning and contents of publicness can be used in different ways for each social service producer, such as public, nonprofit, or profit sector. The study has academic and practical implications. This study provides the basis for further empirical studies on publicness academically and for implementation of publicness in the field of social services practically.

A Study on Economic Value Analysis Model of Meteorological Information (기상정보의 경제적 가치 분석모형 연구)

  • Kim, Sung Tai
    • Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
    • /
    • v.9 no.11
    • /
    • pp.103-109
    • /
    • 2019
  • The purpose of this study is to examine various existing models that analyze the economic value of meteorological information, to present a new analysis model, a market model, and to quantitatively analyze the economic value of meteorological information in the Korean service industry using the market model. The research method of this paper will basically use empirical analysis along with the theoretical approach to critically examine the existing analytical model of economic value of meteorological information and to suggest a new analytical model. The analysis results are as follows. Theoretically, the marginal cost of firms is reduced by providing the amount of weather information, and social welfare is increased by the increase of consumer and producer surplus. In this paper, the marginal cost of 1% increase in the amount of weather information decreases by 0.101% and the increase in social welfare increases by 1,247billion Won in 2017. On the other hand, in the accommodation and restaurant sectors, the marginal cost due to a 1% increase in weather information decreased by 0.218%, and the social welfare increase increased by 308billion Won in 2017.

Postharvest Handling and Marketing Management for Making High Salability of Sweetpotatoes (상품성 제고를 위한 고구마 수확 후 관리 및 출하기술)

  • Jeong, Byeong-Choon
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
    • /
    • 2001.06a
    • /
    • pp.51-64
    • /
    • 2001
  • The qualities including taste of sweetpotato stored during the winter which can display in the spring market in Korea are affected by availability of storage for the roots. In order to make high storage availability of sweetpotato, the postharvest handlings should be done thoroughly from the moment of harvest until shipping them to the market. A lot of procedures that must be handled carefully for improving postharvest management are as follows; digging, trimming, gathering, putting in storage containers, carrying them from field to house, curing, storing, washing, drying, selecting marketable roots, packing and shipping to the market, etc.. Sweetpotatoes have a high moisture content, and a relatively thin and delicate skin, and are sensitive to chilling, so careless postharvest handling can lead to both quantitative and qualitative losses which may be extremely high in some circumstances. From now on research has concentrated on the improvement of postharvest conditions to increase yield and lower disease rates. Storage, which makes sweetpotatoes available through out the year, benefits both the producer and the consumer. Seven very important points must be needed in order to get the best quality marketable roots in the storing of sweetpotatos : $\circled1$The storage house must be clean and sanitary, $\circled2$The crop must be harvested before the first frost to avoid low-temperature injury, $\circled3$Particular care must be taken to avoid cutting, bruising, or other injuries of the sweetpotatoes during digging, picking up, grading, placing in containers, and moving to the storage house, $\circled4$Select sound, disease-free roots for storage $\circled5$Sweetpotatoes should be stored in properly stacked containers $\circled6$Cure immediately after harvest, preferably at 32∼33$^{\circ}C$ and 90 to 95 percent relative humidity for 4 to 7 days, After curing the temperature should be reduced to 13$^{\circ}C$ to 16$^{\circ}C$ by ventilating the storage with outside air. $\circled7$Store at 12$^{\circ}C$ to 14$^{\circ}C$ and a relative humidity of 80 to 85 percent. Storage houses should be located on suitable sites and should be tightly constructed and insulated so that temperature and humidity will be uniform. Sweetpotatoes are usually not washed and graded, and lately sometimes washed, graded, waxed, before being shipped to market. Consumer packaging of sweetpotatoes in paper boxes(10-15kg) or film bags is done mainly to aid marketing. The shelf life of washed roots in consumer packs in only 1 to 2 weeks. Weight loss of roots during marketing is much less in perforated film bags than in mesh and paper bags. Perforation of 0.8 to 1kg polyethylene bags with about six 6mm holes is essential ; to lower the internal relative humidity and avoid excessive sprouting, rooting, and dampness. Development and use of better postharvest handling with good storage facilities or marketing methods can minimize sweetpotate losses and has an effect of indirectly increasing productivity and farmer’s income.

The Economic Effects of Oil Tariff Reduction of Korea-GCC FTA based on VAR Model (VAR모형을 활용한 한-GCC FTA 체결 시 원유관세 인하의 경제적 효과 분석)

  • KIM, Da-Som;RA, Hee-Ryang
    • International Area Studies Review
    • /
    • v.20 no.1
    • /
    • pp.23-51
    • /
    • 2016
  • This study analyzed the expected economic effects of the Korea-GCC FTA and sought strategies for industrial cooperation. To see the economic effects of Korea-GCC FTA, we analysed the effect of the oil tariff reduction of economy by Vector Autoregression(VAR) model. The estimation results shows that following the abolishment of the tariff on crude oil imports, GDP, GNI and consumption are expected to grow by 0.212%, 0.389% and 0.238%, respectively. Meanwhile, investment, export and import are estimated to drop by 0.462%, 0.413% and 0.342%, respectively. As for prices, producer prices are to rise by 6.356%p, whereas consumer prices fall by 2.996%p. In short, the Korea-GCC FTA and resultant abolishment of the tariff on crude oil imports followed by the decline in crude oil prices will result in declining prices whilst macroeconomic indices, such as GDP, GNI and consumption, will increase exerting positive effects on domestic economic growth. Also, it is necessary to proactively respond to GCC member states' industrial diversification policies for FTA-based industrial cooperation to diversify the sources of crude oil and natural gas imports for further resource risk management.

A Study on the Characteristics and Value of Andy Warhol's Archive, (앤디 워홀의 )

  • Lee, Hye Rin;Park, Ju Seok
    • The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
    • /
    • no.55
    • /
    • pp.73-96
    • /
    • 2018
  • Andy Warhol's "Time Capsule" is an individual's daily record, but it can also be evaluated as an artwork. Andy Warhol kept most of his items in boxes until his death in 1974. Warhol's personal records contained receipts, invitations, memos, letters, voice tapes, newspapers, magazines, fan letters, mails, and exhibit materials. Andy Warhol's act of collecting items was continuous and repetitive, giving others a deeper insight into the artist's life. Warhol constantly recorded daily repetitive behaviors such as the people he met, a list of books he bought, and movies he had watched as a record producer. In addition, occasionally, he was in the position of an archivist, collecting and organizing others' records. As such, he expressed his passion for recording his surroundings. His intentionally produced or collected records contain valuable information, not only of himself but also of the people surrounding him. His personal records show that it is the material that enables people to understand and appreciate his relationship with contemporary artists, as well as the artist's education and the conditions during his time.

Development of Productivity Prediction Model according to Choke Size and Gas Injection Rate by using ANN(Artificial Neural Network) at Oil Producer (오일 생산정에서 쵸크사이즈와 가스주입량에 따른 생산성 예측 인공신경망 모델 개발)

  • Han, Dong-kwon;Kwon, Sun-il
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
    • /
    • v.22 no.6
    • /
    • pp.90-103
    • /
    • 2018
  • This paper presents the development of two ANN models which can predict an optimum production rate by controlling choke size in oil well, and gas injection rate in gas-lift well. The input data was solution gas-oil ratio, water cut, reservoir pressure, and choke size or gas injection rate. The output data was wellhead pressure and production rate. Firstly, a range of each parameters was decided by conducting sensitive analysis of input data for onshore oil well. In addition, 1,715 sets training data for choke size decision model and 1,225 sets for gas injection rate decision model were generated by nodal analysis. From the results of comparing between the nodal analysis and the ANN on the same reservoir system showed that the correlation factors were very high(>0.99). Mean absolute error of wellhead pressure and oil production rate was 0.55%, 1.05% with the choke size model, respectively. And the gas injection rate model showed the errors of 1.23%, 2.67%. It was found that the developed models had been highly accurate.

A Study for a Way to Invigorate Domestic Documentary Ecosystem: Focusing on the Growth of Independent Documentaries and the Case of POV (다큐멘터리 생태계의 활성화 방안 -독립 다큐멘터리의 성장과 미국 POV 사례를 중심으로)

  • Lee, EunKyung;Im, SoYun
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
    • /
    • v.19 no.6
    • /
    • pp.168-178
    • /
    • 2019
  • This study takes a close look at the recent success of independent documentaries to find its implications and a way to invigorate Korean documentary ecosystems. To this aim, this study performed in-depth interviews with independent documentary film makers and television documentary directors. Also, it analyzed the case of POV (Point Of View), which is television's longest-running showcase for independent documentary films in the USA. The results display that independent documentaries convey competitive edge of contents and expansion of distribution and funding through film industry systems, based on the producer systems, global distribution networks of overseas pitching and film festivals, marketing and audience strategy of film industry. Although this shows its molding of documentary industry ecosystems, there are great needs for various platforms other than film industrial outlet in order to make an advancement of the ecosystems under the digital environment. POV works on the basis of 'open sourcing' form when collaborating with independent film makers. Independent documentaries picked up by POV are aired on PBS, streamed via its online service, and distributed through community screenings; this three-outlet strategy makes POV a unique platform and has a relevance and feasibility to apply for Korean documentary ecosystems. Therefore, this study suggests to create a platform adopting POV system hoping that more studies and efforts would come for various and novel platform building so to make more advanced and invigorated ecosystems of Korean documentary.