• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.544-552
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• 1998

A random study of 574 dairy farms in Gyeongnam area was designed to determine 1) management factors that may be associated with the occurrence of drug residues; 2) the dairy farmer's attitudes and knowledge about residues; 3) how these variables influence the occurrence of residues in dairy cattle. Management factors perceived as having the greatest influence on drug residues in milk were insufficient knowledge about withdrawal periods, errors due to hired help, insufficient identification and record of animals treated for mastitis, dry cow treatment for mastitis, and metritis treatment. Seventy-one percent of farms with residues problem used mixed own feeds compared with twenty-nine percent of farms with premedicated feeds. Factors significantly associated with the occurrence of residues were herd size, increased number of hired persons, increased frequency of use of mixed-own feeds, category of medicated feed, and producer's attitude toward the public health significance of residues. Our findings suggest that residue occurrence was mainly associated with errors due to hired help, insufficient knowledge about withdrawal periods, poor animal identification and records of treatment animals and use of medicated feeds. Any residue avodiance educational program needs to stress how to deal with these factors. This educational program should be directed to dairy farmers and employees, especially temporary employees. In addition, Dairy farmer's attitudes and knowledge about drug residues need to be improved. More evidence on the public healths significance of residues should be available to them. Because belife in importance of public healths concerns was related to successful residue avidance and because 81.3% of the dairy farmers with residue problem thought public healths concerns were less important than economic ones, it would be helpful to provide educational programs specifically directed to this issue. it may be useful to provide programs not only for the dairy farmers but also change of their concerns about on the public healths.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.509-524
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to research on the distribution and correlation of population, industrial employees and highest land value of Seoul. The followings are result of the study. First, the population of Seoul City in 2012 decreased by 0.3%, compared with that in 1996. While the population of Gangbuk decreased, that of Gangnam increased. Second, the number of industrial employees showed larger gap than population, and it showed larger regional gap on producer service. Third, Jung-gu in Gangbuk had the highest land value among commercial areas of Seoul, but there was no significant gap between Gangbuk(Jung-gu and Jongro-gu) and Gangnam(Seocho-gu and Gangnam-gu). Fourth, in the average of the highest land value of residential area of Seoul City, Gangnam was more expensive, because of facilities and living conditions of Gangbuk and Gangnam is big difference. Fifth, the regional gap of the highest land value and the lowest land value of Seoul City is commercial areas larger than residential area. Finally, there was no correlation between the distribution of population and land value, between the increase of population and that of land value, but there was positive correlation between the distribution of industrial employees and the highest land value of commercial area and residential area of Seoul City.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 1996

Immobilized bioprocess was carried out for continuous production of cyclosporin A (CyA) produced intracellularly as a secondary metabolite by a filamentous fungus, Tolypocladium inflatum. Immobilization procedure for entrapping conidiospores of the producer was significantly simplified by use of a modified immobilization technique. A newly-designed immobilized perfusion reactor system (IPRS) showed good process benefits as demonstrated by the role of the high density immobilized cells as an efficient biomass generator, continuously supplying highly active CyA-producing free cells (1.0g/$\ell$/hr) even at very high dilution rate ($0.1hr^{-1}$). IPRS bioprocess was possible since efficient decantor system developed in our laboratory separated the sloughed-off free cells from the immobilized biomass effectively, thus overcoming wash-out phenomenon frequently encountered in continuous free cell cultures. Furthermore the released-free cells remaining in the bulk solution did not appear to cause substrate mass transfer limitation which was often experienced in suspended mycelial fungal cell fermentations. The primary reason for this was that the suspension broth of the IPRS mainly consisted of roundshaped short mycelial fragments and conidiospores, still remaining Newtonian even at high cell density. In parallel with IPRS bioprocess development, other key factors to be considered necessarily for significant increase in CyA productivity would be strain improvement and medium optimization for the immobilized cells.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.245-250
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• 1985

In order to increase citric acid productivity. several attempts were made; isolation and characterization of the mutant strain produced citric acid in a high yield, citric acid fermentation in a medium containing relatively higher amount of glucose and citric acid production by the use of semicontinuous ceil recycle system. By the treatment of Candide lipolytica S-109 with NTG, a mutant J-24 was selected as the highest producer of citric acid among the strains formed larger CaCO$_3$ lytic zone. it produced 72g/1 citric acid in 10％ glucose medium. Because mutant J-24 produced 85g/l citric acid and showed 53％ yield in 16％ glucose medium, several factors were adjusted to increase the yield in 16％ glucose medium. 0.8-1.0$\times$10$^{-3}$ P/C ratio, 0.15％ urea, 0.25％ yeast extract were suitable at citric acid production in 16％ glucose medium. Under this condition, J-24 strain produced 93g/l citric acid and showed 58％ yield. Semicontinuous cell recycle system was used to protons the effective production phase, to minimize the product inhibition and to shorten the lag phase. The productivity of semicontinuous cell recycle system was 0.79g/l h while that of batch system was 0.53g/l.h

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.531-538
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• 2017

In the case of hydraulic pressure type fuse, we accept or reject certain product lots by considering the number of defective products in the operating pressure test. Generally, this procedure, known as 'The inspection by attributes', has been most commonly used in the field of quality assurance of products. However, the method of inspection by attributes suffers because it tests more samples than inspection by variables. Even though the quality of the products has remained stable in the process condition, the same number of samples is required for every lot, which wastes time and money. This paper suggests that the lot acceptance procedure is changed from inspection by attributes to inspection by variables. We can calculate the statistical tolerance percent of defectives and compare this to the Acceptable Quality Level (AQL) in order to save money and time. It is also easier to monitor and control the quality of products by using the process capability index and x-bar charts. In conclusion, the procedure delivers mutual benefit to both the customer and the producer by securing high quality products and reference data.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.57 no.4 s.113
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• pp.173-187
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to analyze the fetishist characteristics and the aesthetic values of glamour style based on the premise that fetishism is the theoretical root of glamour style expressed in fashion throughout history. The following results are from analysing fetishist characteristics of glamour style. First, luxury was analysed from an angle of commodity fetishism. Every culture develops images and stories that portray a world in which its ideals are realized: a paradise, a utopia, a golden age, etc. Consumer goods often serve as 'bridges to these ideals'. People thus can fantasize about owning the perfect life. Crucially, however, they must never get everything they picture. That is why luxuries often take on displaced meaning. Glamour gives the displaced meaning visual form, making it beautiful and real. Second, the attention on the glamour of luxury goods as a bridge to ideals is connected to the glamour icon who is simultaneously a consumer of these luxury goods and a producer of cultural goods. Glamour icons including the courtesan of the late 19th century, the actress of the 1930s' Hollywood golden age and today's celebrities appear to efface the traces of production and create fetishist images in culture. Through this artificial principle, the commodity-cum-glamour icon comes to life as a splendid image of spectacle. Third, masquerade and seduction were analysed from an angle of sexual fetishism. A magnificent image of masquerade as sexual fetishism is often equated with femininity, especially in Hollywood movies, because the artificial seduction of the feminine -namely glamour- can be effected by the absence or silence of being. That is to say, the aesthetic revelation of femininity coincides with the fleshing out of artificial signs. Masquerade and the seduction of the feminine are connected with glamour's artificial sensuality from this point. Fourth, since 1980's when homosexuality as sexual deviation resurfaced as a hot topic, sexual ambiguity and bisexual image have gained attention as perverse sexuality. Next came queer theory, which reduced gender itself to a matter of surface rather than depth. According to queer theory, gender itself can be revealed as a kind of drag act. Drag's imitative performance may reveal that womanliness is just about 'dragging up'. Queerness as a decadent play makes a connection with the wicked origins of glamour. From these characteristics, four aesthetic values were deduced: ostentatious luxury and mysterious idolatry by commodity fetishism, artificial sensuality and playful queerness by sexual fetishism.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.312-317
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• 2002

Erythritol is of interest as a low calorie sweetner. Penicillium sp. KJ8l was screened for erythritol producer in nature. The effect of culture conditions on erythritol production by Penicillium sp. KJ81 was examined. This strain produced about 12 g/l erythritol and a small amout of glycerol. Erythritol was not produced from mannitol, arabinose, sorbitol, and xylose but from glucose, sucrose, fructose, mannose, lactose, maltose, and galactose. This strain was able to produce erythritol in a medium containing 60% sucrose but demonstrated the highest productivity of erythritol in a 30% sucrose medium. The highest yield in Penicillium sp. KJ8l was obtained when 0.5% ammonium sulfate was added to the medium containing 30% sucrose and 0.5% yeast extract. Penicillium sp. KJ81 produced 28.2 g/l erythritol when this strain was cultured in the medium containing 30% sucrose, 0.5% yeast extract, 0.5%$(NH_{4})_{2}SO_{4}$ 0.1% $KH_{2}PO_{4}$ and 0.01% $MgCl_{2}$ under the condition of 1 vvm aeration and 200 rpm agitation at $37^{\circ}C$ for 10 days in 5ι jar fermentor.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.383-388
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• 2010

Alkaline protease-overproducing strains of Vibrio metschnikovii were developed by using the molecular evolution from the classical mutants V. metschnikovii L12-23, N4-8, and KS1. Each vapK (Vibrio alkaline protease K) was obtained from the genomic DNAs of mutants by PCR to carry out the DNA shuffling. The modified vapK-1 obtained by DNA shuffling was used again as a template for the error-prone PCR to make the vapK-2. Both genes were cloned in the plasmid pKF3 to construct the recombinant plasmids which have one or two copies of the modified genes. The recombinant plasmids were back-transformed to V. metschnikovii KS1 to construct recombinant V. metschnikovii that expresses the alkaline protease. About 3.9-fold more protease activity was measured in the strain which has the plasmid containing two copies of vapK-2 when compared to strain KS1. When compared to wild type V. metschnikovii RH530, 43-fold more activity was achieved. Comparison of amino acids among vapK, vapK-1, and vapK-2 revealed that the active sites was highly conserved and not changed. However, many amino acids except the active sites were changed. These results suggested that the changes in amino acids might play an important role in the increase of protease activity by allowing the easy access of substrate to active sites of the protease. The fermentation of alkaline protease from the V. metschnikovii KS1 harboring the plasmid that contains two copies of vapK-1 showed the possibility of this strain to be used as industrial producer.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.239-244
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• 2014

ErmSF is one of the four antibiotic resistance factor proteins expressed by Streptomyces fradiae, antibiotic tylosin producer, which renders $MLS_B$ (macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B) antibiotic resistance through dimethylating A2058 of 23S rRNA, thereby reducing the affinity of antibiotic to ribosome. Unlike other Erm proteins, ErmSF harbors long N-terminal end region. To investigate its role in enzyme activity, mutant ErmSF deleted of 1-38 amino acids was overexpressed and activity in vivo and in vitro was observed. In vitro enzymatic assay showed that mutant protein exhibited reduced activity by 20% compared to the wild type enzyme. Due to the reduced activity of the mutant protein, cells expressing mutant protein showed weaker resistance to erythromycin than cells with wild type enzyme. Presumably, the decrease in enzyme activity was caused by the hindrance in substrate binding and (or) product release, not by defect in the methyl group transfer occurred in active site.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.613-619
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• 2017

Recently, the development and production of weapons systems for military products have been increasing. Therefore, there is a need for an efficient quality control method suitable for limited resources and manpower for the manufactured military products. Military munitions are characteristically developed and produced as business contract units. In addition, business and quality control are done by contract. For this reason, many contracts are concluded in one producer and similar products are often produced. Business and quality control also require extensive manpower and effort. If a company produces several similar products, a more efficient management approach is required. This study therefore examines these problems in an attempt to present solutions by analyzing the types of munitions contracts and the characteristics of products produced by one company. Based on the results, a method is proposed to manage the contract-specific management methods by company, that is, by business site. The method is applied to an engine manufacturing company and the integrated management plan is verified and its effectiveness confirmed. The effect of facility-wide method was a reduction of QA manpower and an improvement in maintaining quality assurance and stability through management of the workforce and contract grouping method.