• 약학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.135-140
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• 2000

Determination of Aconitum alkaloids in processed Buza (Cho-0, Salted Buza, Moist-heating Buza, Limed Buza), which had been prepared from the raw tubers of Aconitum chiisanenseb(Ranunculaceae), was established using visible spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method especially for Aconitine analysis. Aconitum alkloids were reacted with tetra- thiocy-anatocobalt[II] complex ion to form a stable ion pair. The reaction product was insoluble in water but freely soluble in several organic solvents. 1.2-Dichloroethane was the best extracting solvent among the examined solvents. Spectrophotometry of Aconitum alkaloids at nax. 625 was carried out. The HPLC method for aconitine was carried out using Radial PAK-CN column with gradient solvent system by solvent mixture of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer (pH 3.0) at 4$0^{\circ}C$ and 254 nm. Linear relationship was found between absorbance response and concentration of aconitine in range of 0.45 mM~0.9 mM ($r^2$=0.9949) by spectrophotometry and 0.3 mM~1.2mM($r^2$=0.9983) by HPLC method. These methods have been found to be suitable and reproducible for routine analysis of Aconitum alkaloids and its pharmaceutical preparations.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2021

고 문헌에 기록된 부자의 가공수치 포제법으로 숙부자로 가공하고 인삼, 생강, 감초의 배합으로 폐암세포와 대식세포 독성에 관하여 실험한 결과 1번째 실험군 인삼과 숙부자 처리군에서 100 ㎍/ml 농도에서 독성에 영향을 주기 시작하여 1000 ㎍/ml 농도에서 더 많은 영향을 주었다. 그 중 대식세포 보다는 A549 폐암세포에서 더 많은 세포독성에 영향을 주었다. 그리고 2번째 실험군에 추가로 생강이 배합된 처리군에서는 1000 ㎍/ml 농도부터 세포독성이 시작 되었으며 대식세포 보다는 A549 폐암세포에 세포독성에 더 많은 영향을 주었으며 마지막 3번째 실험군 생강과 감초가 추가된 실험군에서는 100 ㎍/ml 농도에서 A549 폐암세포에 독성이 시작 되었지만 대식세포에는 영향이 없었으며, 1000 ㎍/ml 농도부터 대식세포와 A549 폐암세포에 영향을 주었다. 결론적으로 독성이 강한 부자를 사용함에 있어서는 반드시 숙부자로 가공하여 활용 하여야 하며 인삼, 생강, 감초의 배합으로 정상세포인 대식세포 독성에는 적은 영향과 특정 폐암세포가 더 많은 세포독성이 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 앞으로도 인삼, 생강, 감초의 복합추출물이 지속적인 연구를 통해 항암활성의 효능을 검증하고 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것이라 사료된다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.1239-1243
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• 2005

A new norditerpenoid and a known alkaloid were isolated from the alkaloidal fraction of the processed tubers of Aconitum carmichaeli. The structure of the new norditerpenoid alkaloid was elucidated as lipoforesaconitine (1) on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. The known norditerpenoid alkaloid was characterized as lipoyunanaconitine (2). In addition, a new flavonoid, 6'-O-acetylliquiritin (7), along with a known ceramide, (2S,3S,4R,8E)-2-[(2'R)-2'­hydroxylignoceroylamino]-8(E)-octadecene-1,3,4-triol (3), as well as a known steroid saponin, gracillin (8), and three known flavonoids, Iiquiritigenin (4), isoliquiritigenin (5), and liquiritin (6), were also isolated and characterized. All known compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time. The structures of the isolates were established by spectroscopic and chemical methods.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.104-109
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• 2008

Purpose: Unrefined tablets prepared from Aconitum tubers are occasionally used in Korean folk medicine. This study defines the potential sources, clinical toxicology, and treatment of aconitine poisoning. Methods: A retrospective survey was conducted in 63 patients in the ED of a tertiary University Hospital with suspected toxicity from an unrefined tablet prepared from Aconitum tubers from 1999 to 2007. Results: A total of 63 cases enrolled included 26 men and 37 women, aged 30 to 86 years. Forty-eight patients ingested aconitine tablets as digestives, 26 tablets on average. After a latent period of 30 to 450 minutes, patients developed a combination of neurologic (87.3%), gastrointestinal (82.5%), cardiopulmonary (41.3%), and other (28.6%) features typical of aconitine poisoning. Initial ECG abnormalities revealed dysrhythmia (61.9%), conduction disturbance (42.9%), and abnormal waveforms (39.7%), with 28.6% of patients having normal ECGs. All patients received supportive treatment or close observation regardless of ingestion amounts. Patients with hypotension or ventricular arrhythmia were treated with inotropic agents or amiodarone. Conclusion: Toxicologic signs and symptoms can occur after the consumption of aconitine tablets, regardless of ingestion amount. The risk occurs because of inadequately processed aconitine roots. This study will provide important data for public education and distribution regulations for Aconitum sp. in Korea.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.181-185
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• 1999

Higenamine is a cardiotonic constituent of Aconite root, one of the most important oriental traditional medicine. Since Aconite root contains toxic aconitine alkaloids, variously processed roots have been often used. Much works have been done with the chemical significances concerning with the toxic aconitine alkaloids during the processing periods. However, effects of processing on higenamine have not yet been previously studied. In this paper, the extract pattern and the amounts of higenamine extracted with water from unprocessed and processed Aconite roots were compared. R-(+)-isomer was the only higenamine enantiomer detected although racemic higenamine was reported to be separated from Aconitum spp. Sonication for 1 hour resulted in higher higenamine extraction $(12.3\;{\mu}g/g)$ than boiling water extraction for 3 hours $(6.7\;{\mu}g/g)$ of unprocessed Aconite root. Extraction of not only higenamine but also most of the other components of unprocessed Aconite roots were reduced with boiling in water. Similarly, reduced extraction was observed with extracts of all three processed Aconite roots (Kyung-Po-Aconite root, Dang-Po-Aconite root and Huk-Peon-Aconite root) by either sonicated extraction or boiling water extraction.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.165-168
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• 2008

A processed Aconiti tuber (Korean name, Kyeong-Po Buja) was extracted with 80% aqueous EtOH, and the concentrated extract was partitioned with EtOAc and water ($H_2O$). From the EtOAc fraction, two flavonoids were isolated through repeated silica gel column chromatographies. From the result of physico-chemical data including NMR, mass spectrometry and IR, the chemical structures of the compounds were determined to be liquiritin (1) and liquiritigenin (2). This is the first study to isolate flavonoids (1) and (2) from the processed Aconiti tuber.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.41-49
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• 1990

Aconiti Tuber is the root of Aconitum sp (Ranunclaceae) which has been considered as one of the most important medicinal plant having cordiotonic, diuretic and analgesic effect. On the other hand, it has been known that Aconiti Tuber contained toxic agent, aconitine alkaloids so that only processed Aconiti Tubers have been used as herbal drug traditionally. For the safety evaluation of processed Aconiti Tuber, quantitative determination of aconitine and acute, subacute toxicity test were performed on 5 commercial processed Aconiti Tubers. Arapid and precise method using HPLC has been developed for the separation and determination of aconitine. Samples were extracted with hydrochloric acid (pH3) and hot water decoction. In case of d-HCL extracts, the contents of aconitine were from 0.08 mg/g to trace. But in case of hot water decoction extracts, the contents of aconitine were not detected. For the investigation of Aconiti Tuber toxicity in rats, hot water decoction samples and methanol extracts were tested. 1) Acute toxicity test Hot water decoction sample and methanol extracts from Aconiti Tuber did not show any toxic effects in rats by an oral administration. $LD_50values of 2 extracts were above 10.0 g/kg. 2) Subacute toxicity study In the repeated administration study, hot water decoction samples were given orally to Sprague-Dawlay rats for 2 week at daily doses of 5.0 g/kg. The results are as follows; No toxic manifestation, body weight changes and lethality were observed during wxperimental period. There were no significant changes in serum enzyme activities such as GOT, GPT, LDH, ALP between treated and control groups. However CPK values were decreased in the Subuja-treated group. (P<0.01). In addition, no gross and microscopic changes were noted in Aconiti Tuber-treated groups.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.141-151
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• 2005

From the tuberous root of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx.(Ranunculaceae), the main root is called as common monkhood mother root and the later root is called as the prepared aconite root. From the prepared aconite root. Looking at the processing method of the prepared aconite root, it is divided into Yeombuja (prepared aconite root processed in salt) and heuksoonpyeon (baekbupyeon) following the processing method after removing the soil and this is a way of processing the prepared aconite root without damage it. The recently produced raw prepared aconite root is easily damaged, thus it shall be preserved in salt to have the crystal shape on the surface of the prepared aconite root and store and transport in firmly solidified yeombuja condition. Therefore, yeombuja shall remove the salt before use and requires processing for use but heuksoonpyeon or baekbupyeon may use immediately. For the succession of the unique processing techniques of our ancestors, there has to be studies on the techniques. Prepared aconite root is generally used as holy medicines to cure the yang depletion syndrome, kidney-yang deficiency syndrome, and obstruction of qi in the chest syndrome. However, they are the substances with toxicity. It is contemplated that the contents of processing are broadly understood through the document on the processing method, and based on such foundation, the systematic set and proof on the documents are made along with the addition of the contemporary scientific theory and technology to develop the traditional processing technology to maximize the treatment effect and safety of prepared aconite root. In this study, the historic data and records on the processing method of latteral root of aconitum carmichaeli Debx will be rearranged to contribute to the standardization of medicinal herbs, maximization of efficacy and minimization of the side effects.

• 분석과학
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.243-247
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• 1999

HCl 산성에서 aconitine류 알칼로이드는 Reineke 시액으로 백색의 침전을, 그리고 TCR 시액으로 청색의 침전을 형성하였다. 백색의 침전은 $NH_4OH$ 알칼리성의 물에 녹아 aconitine류 알칼로이드를 유리시키며, 유리된 aconitine류 알칼로이드는 DCE층으로 쉽게 전용되었다. 전용된 DCE층을 분취하여 UV흡광파장을 측정하고 TLC로 분리하였다. 청색의 침전은 DCE층에 전용되므로 전용된 DCE층을 분취하여 UV/Vis.흡광파장을 측정하였다. 이상의 방법으로 aconitine류 알칼로이드를 검출하여 생약이나 제제에서 aconitine류 알칼로이드를 함유한 부자류 생약을 확인할 수 있었다.