• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.414-427
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• 2023

Implantable bioabsorbable combination products undergo inherent degradation and systemic absorption within the physiological environment, thereby streamlining the therapeutic regimen and obviating the imperative for invasive extraction procedures. This inherent property not only enhances patient convenience and therapeutic efficacy but also underpins a paradigm of support characterized by heightened safety parameters. Within the regulatory landscapes of Korea, the United States, and Europe, implantable bioabsorbable combination products are meticulously classified into distinct categories, either as pharmaceutical implants or as implantable medical devices, depending on their primary mode of action. This scholarly investigation systematically examines the regulatory frameworks governing implantable bioabsorbable combination products in South Korea, the United States, and Europe. Notable discrepancies across national jurisdictions emerge concerning regulatory specifics, including terminology, product classification, and product name associated with these products. The conspicuous absence of standardized approval regulations presents a formidable barrier to the commercialization of these advanced medical devices. This academic discourse passionately emphasizes the critical need for formulating and implementing a sophisticated regulatory framework capable of streamlining the product approval process, thereby paving the way for a seamless path to commercializing implantable bioabsorbable combination products.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.17-32
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• 2013

This study examined the visual elements of the Trompe l'oeil design and the combination conditions of each element in order to deduce the form generation diagrams of Trompe l'oeil fashion design. The following is what the study found: First, Trompe l'oeil fashion design can be divided into two based on its subject: 'the combination of internal elements of dress' and 'the combination of external elements of dress'. Looking at the visual components of each type, depending on the subject, 'the combination of internal elements of dress' design was achieved by combining internal dress elements: including textile, detail, item, accessory, layering, etc.. In case of 'the combination of external elements of dress' design, the object of Trompe l'oeil was expanded in scope to environment, which includes the actions of a wearer. Second, as for Trompe l'oeil fashion design through the combination of external dress elements, the condition to combined visual components of the work in the process of creation was related to 'the popularity of object', 'the similarity of shapes and sizes', and 'the probability of location'. Third, deriving a form generation diagrams of Trompe l'oeil fashion design was very effective in delineating specific relationships and conditions, directions among elements combined in fashion design.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.31-47
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the Digital Paradigm cords depicted on the Digital Clothing by borrowing nearby fields. Therefore, it will offer not only theoretical data but also databases for product development on functional and aesthetic views even though it is not systematically set up the idea vet. The Digital Paradigm cords of Interactivity. Nonlinearity and Combination in the Digital Clothing were determined. This study found that Interactivity Paradigm cord was expressed by the interaction of clothing and computer, the techniques of built in·attach·detach·fragment of the Digital Clothing at the external indicators, and maintained this personalizing that was pursued comprehension and the shape and silhouette of the existed clothing, that Nonlinearity Paradigm cord was able to overcome the limitation of a successively approach, in other words the discontinuous moving possibilities of time and space, that Combination Paradigm cord was contained creative concept without fixed ideas through coordination of Digital Clothing that was combination. continuous creation, changes and process between heterogeneous factors. In conclusion, introduction of the new Digital Paradigm is going to accelerate on lasting development and research.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 2004

We have proposed a new shallow trench isolation (STI) process using flowable oxide (F-oxide) chemical vapor deposition (CVD) for DRAM application and it was successfully developed. The combination of F-oxide CVD and HDP CVD is thought to be the superior STI gap-filling process for next generation DRAM fabrication because F-oxide not only improves STI gap-filling capability, but also the reduced local stress by F-oxide in narrow trenches leads to decrease in junction leakage and gate induced drain leakage (GIDL) current. Finally, this process increased data retention time of DRAM compared to HDP STI. However, a serious failure occurred by symphonizing its structural dependency of deposited thickness with poor resistance against HF chemicals. It could be suppressed by reducing the flow time during F-oxide deposition. It was investigated collectively in terms of device yield. In conclusion, the combination of F-oxide and HDP oxide is the very promising technology for STI gap filling process of sub-100nm DRAM technology.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.48-53
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• 2002

Sheet or plate bending is one of the most important industrial metal forming processes. And considerable attention has been focused on gaining a better understanding of many of bending characteristics. One of defaults in bending process is the springback. In this study, the springback characteristics of tailor-welded strips in U-bending process was investigated. Furthermore, not only the relationships between the springback and the process variables such as the geometry of the tools and thickness combination of workpiece but also the heat effect which affects the springback due to welding process was experimentally considered. First, tailor-welded strips are joined by the laser welding process and consisted of two types of thickness combinations of the SCPI sheet, 0.8t${\times}$1.2t and 0.8${\times}$1.6t to investigate the effect of different thickness combination on the springback. Secondly, two different directionally welded strips, one was welded along the centerline of the strip-width and the other was along the centerline of strip-length, were adopted to compare the effects of the location of weld line on the springback. And three punch profile radii of 3, 9, and 15 m were used. Some cases of the experimental results were simulated by using a commercial FEM code, PAM-STAMP to compare the experimental results to the analytical ones.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.87-103
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• 2003

This study is to analyse spatial impacts of tourism on fishing villages in Jeju island. The analysis shows that the location of tourist function - sea or land - has an influence on spatial use of pre-tourist and tourist function. The locational changes of tourist function are to be the indicator of the developmental stages, the uses of 'where' to be the phases, the uses of 'where' and 'what' to be the process in the spatial impacts of tourism on fishing villages. The phases are 'time combination $\longrightarrow$spatial combination $\longrightarrow$time combination', the process is 'widened range.diversification $\longrightarrow$ range.specialization' according as the tourist function of the sea changes into the land. This is to be risk management of the tourist function.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.1215-1220
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• 2004

Reactive distillation (RD) is a combination process where both separation and reaction are considered simultaneously in a single vessel. This kind of combination to enhance the overall performance is not a new attempt in the chemical engineering areas. The recovery of ammonia in the classic Solvay process for soda ash of the 1860s may be cited as probably the first commercial application of RD. The RD system has been used for a long time as a useful process and recently the importance of the RD is enlarged more and more. In addition to that, the application fields of RD are diversely diverged. To make the most of the characteristic of RD system, we must decide the best operating condition under which the process shows the most effective productivity and should decide the best control algorithm which satisfies an optimal operating condition. Phosgene which is a highly reactive chemical is used for the production of isocyanates and polycarbonates. Because it has high reactivity and toxicity, its utilization is increasingly burdened by growing safety measures to be adopted during its production. Dimethyl Carbonate (DMC) was proposed as a substitute of phosgene because it is non-toxic and environmentally benign chemical. In this study, RD is used for DMC production process and the transesterification is performed inside of column to produce DMC. In transesterification, the methanol and ethylene carbonate (EC) are used as the reactants. This process use homogeneous catalyst and the azeotrope exists between the reactant and product. Owing to azeotrope, we should use two distillation columns. For this DMC production process, we can suggest two configurations. One is EC excess process and the other is methanol excess process. From the comparison of steady state simulation results where the Naphtali-Sandholm algorithm is used, it showed the better performance to use the methanol excess process configuration than EC excess process. Then, the dynamic simulation was performed to be based on the steady state simulation results and the optimal control system was designed. In addition to that, the optimal operating condition was suggested from previous results.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.38 no.7
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• pp.364-370
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• 2016

In this paper, the technique that determines efficient process combinations for the ultrapure water production was studied. The ultrapure water is one of the industrial water used in industrial activity and required in the advanced technology integrated industry. It is produced by combined process including filtration, ion exchange processes, the reverse osmosis (RO) process, degassing (DG) process and UV-oxidation (UVox) process. An ultrapure water production process consists of 15-20 different water treatment unit process. In this study, a pilot plant was built and operated to research the design parameters for the individual process. Through the pilot plant operation, 19 effective combinations were optimized among various processes. And then, 11 of them satisfied the final quality of the ultrapure water. The stability and economic feasibility were evaluated about the final 11 process combinations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.213-223
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• 2013

This study presents the process of fashion item development with velvet through creative thinking methods. Creativity is one of the most important requirements for a successful job career and education enhancing creative thinking is needed in the area of fabrication, product design, and marketing strategy development. Velvet was selected as a research stimulus because it is a luxurious fabric with various differential properties such as a soft touch, unique luster, excellent drapability, and fine physical properties. The research methodology included creative thinking methods review, the selection of the tools, idea sourcing and listing, sequential idea evaluation and sample product making. After review of the various creative thinking methods, a combination method and forced connection method were employed as research tools to confirm the usefulness of creative thinking training because of their independence of use and application simplicity. A total of 12 university students participated as subjects in this research. After some training, each student derived ten ideas for velvet products that utilized a combination method and forced connection method. A total of 120 ideas were evaluated for novelty, technical possibility, practicality, and marketability; subsequently, 24 ideas were adopted and developed as sample products. The effectiveness of creativity education in fabrication and product design classes was verified through the whole process of product planning.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.292-297
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• 2007

The present study was focused on the synthesis of a $TiB_2$ dispersed copper matrix composite material by the combination of the mechanical milling and plasma activated sintering processes. The $Cu/TiB_2$ mixed powder was prepared by the combination of the mechanical milling and reduction processes using the copper oxide and titanium diboride powder as the raw material. The synthesized $Cu/TiB_2$ mixed powder was sintered by the plasma activated sintering process. The hardness and electric conductivity of the sintered bodies were measured using micro vickers hardness and four probe method, respectively. The relative density of $Cu/TiB_2$ composite material sintered at $800^{\circ}C$ showed about 98% of theoretical density. The $Cu-1vol%TiB_2$ composite material has a hardness of about 130Hv and an electric conductivity of about 85% IACS. The hardness and electric conductivity of $Cu-3vol%TiB_2$ composite material were about 140 Hv and about 45% IACS, respectively.