• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.119-130
• /
• 2017

This paper presents a numerical investigation on the seismic behavior of isolated bridges with supplemental viscous damping. Usually very large displacements make seismic isolation an unfeasible solution due to boundary conditions, especially in case of existing bridges or high risk seismic regions. First, a suggested optimal design procedure is introduced, then seismic performance of three real bridges with different isolation systems and damping levels is investigated. Each bridge is studied in four different configurations: simply supported (SSB), isolated with 10% damping (IB), isolated with 30% damping (LRB) and isolated with optimal supplemental damping ratio (IDB). Two of the case studies are investigated under spectrum compatible far-field ground motions, while the third one is subjected to near-fault strong motions. With respect to different design strategies proposed by other authors, results of the analysis demonstrated that an isolated bridge equipped with HDLRBs and a total equivalent damping ratio of 70% represents a very effective design solution. Thanks to confirmed effective performance in terms of base shear mitigation and displacement reduction under both far field and near fault ground motions, as well as for both simply supported and continuous bridges, the suggested control system provides robustness and reliability in terms of seismic performance also resulting cost effective.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.75-85
• /
• 2021

The broadband noise can be dominant or important for total characteristics for marine propeller noise representing the minimum base of self-noise. Accurate prediction of such noise is crucial for survivability of underwater military vessels. While the FW-H Formulation 1B can be used to predict broadband trailing edge noise, the method required experiment measurements of surface pressure correlations, showing its limitations in generality. Therefore, in this study, the methods are developed to utilize wall pressure spectrum models to overcome those limitations. Chase model is adopted to represent surface pressure along with the developed formulations to reproduce pressure statistics. Newly developed method is validated with the experiments of airfoils at different velocities. Thereafter, with its feasibility and generality, the procedure incorporating computational fluid dynamics is established and performed for a propeller behind submarine hull. The results are compared with the experiments conducted at Large Cavitation Tunnel, thus showing its usability and robustness.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제56권4호
• /
• pp.1284-1295
• /
• 2024

Due to increasing operational security demands, digital and intelligent condition monitoring of nuclear power plants is becoming more significant. However, establishing an accurate and effective anomaly detection model is still challenging. This is mainly because of data characteristics of nuclear power data, including the lack of clear class labels combined with frequent interference from outliers and anomalies. In this paper, we introduce a Transformer-based unsupervised model for anomaly detection of nuclear power data, a modified loss function based on the maximum correntropy criterion (MCC) is applied in the model training to improve the robustness. Experimental results on simulation datasets demonstrate that the proposed Trans-MCC model achieves equivalent or superior detection performance to the baseline models, and the use of the MCC loss function is proven can obviously alleviate the negative effect of outliers and anomalies in the training procedure, the F1 score is improved by up to 0.31 compared to Trans-MSE on a specific dataset. Further studies on genuine nuclear power data have verified the model's capability to detect anomalies at an earlier stage, which is significant to condition monitoring.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
• /
• 제42권12호
• /
• pp.127-134
• /
• 2005

VoIP에서 패킷의 손실은 음성의 품질에 영향을 주는 가장 중요한 요인이다. 따라서 수신된 정보로부터 손실된 패킷을 복구하는 것은 중요하다. 따라서 본 논문은 VoIP에서 가장 많이 사용되는 CELP 부호화기를 위한 수신측 기반의 손실 패킷 복구방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 WSOLA(Waveform Shift OverLab Add)기반의 BS-PLC (Both Side Packet Loss Concealment) 방법은 패킷 손실이 발생하였을 경우 미래 패킷을 이용할 수 있는 경우와 그렇지 않을 경우로 나누고, LP(Linear prediction) 파라미터와 여기 신호를 복구한다. 미래 패킷을 이용할 수 없는 경우에는 과거에 전송된 정상 패킷만을 가지고 복원을 하며, 미래 패킷을 이용할 수 있을 경우에는 과거의 정상 패킷과 미래의 정상 패킷을 동시에 이용하여 손실된 패킷을 복구한다. 연속 패킷 손실 환경은 Gilbert 모델로 설정하였고, 제안한 알고리즘을 VoIP에서 가장 많이 사용되는 CELP 음성부호화기인 G.729에 적용하여 성능을 비교한다. 성능 비교를 위해 손실율을 변화시키면서 SNR(Signal to Noise)와 MOS(Mean Opinion Score)측정하였고, 제안한 방법을 G.729의 패킷 손실 은닉 방법과 비교하였다. 실험 결과, 평균 손실률이 $20\%$에서도 SNR은 2dB, MOS값은 0.3정도로의 음질 개선을 보였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제13권11호
• /
• pp.5471-5478
• /
• 2012

본 논문에서는 SURF 알고리즘을 이용하여 PCB에 발생하는 불량 중 한 형태인 쇼트-서킷 불량을 탐지하는 기술을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법의 기본적인 절차는 SURF를 이용하여 샘플 영상과 입력된 영상에서 특징점 추출, 특징점 매칭 및 매칭 결과를 이용한 원근변환 수행, 검사 위치 관심영역 추출, 이진화 및 쇼트-서킷 추출, 결과 검증 순이다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 방식은 수작업으로 진행되는 후 공정의 특징 상, 검사하고자 하는 PCB의 놓여진 위치와 각도가 균일하지 않고 제각각으로 놓여 있는 경우에도 강건하게 쇼트-서킷 불량을 탐지하는 것에 중점을 두고 있다. 이 방법은 PCB가 놓여진 위치와 각도가 다양한 경우에도 불량을 탐지할 수 있음을 보이며, 탐지율 및 탐지시간 관점에서 기존의 수작업으로 검사하는 경우보다 우수함을 실험을 통하여 보인다.

• 한국음향학회지
• /
• 제39권6호
• /
• pp.549-558
• /
• 2020

본 논문은 수상 및 수중 표적에 대한 수동소나 협대역추적의 자동초기화 견실성을 향상시키는 기법을 다루었다. 수동소나에서 탐지데이터를 활용하여 표적으로서 자동 판별 및 추적하는 경우에 탐지데이터 내 다수의 클러터에 의하여 클러터가 표적으로 판별 및 추적되며, 이는 운용자의 관심표적에 대한 인지를 방해한다. 수동소나에서 관심표적에 대한 자동 표적 판별 및 추적은 유지하면서 클러터에 대한 자동 표적 판별 및 추적은 감소하기 위하여 탐지 데이터 측정치의 연계 확률과 신호준위에 대한 정보 엔트로피를 산출한다. 탐지 데이터에서 추출한 측정치의 연계 확률과 정보 엔트로피가 사전 설정 조건을 만족하면 자동초기화 절차를 실시한다. 해상실험 데이터를 활용하여 시뮬레이션을 실시하였고, 기존 적용 기법에 대비하여 실표적에 대한 자동 추적은 유지하면서 클러터를 자동 추적하는 경향이 감소 하였다.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
• /
• 제17권6호
• /
• pp.341-350
• /
• 2016

The current study is dedicated to design a novel coordinated controller to effectively increase power system rotor angle stability. In doing so, the coordinated design of an AVR (automatic voltage regulator), PSS2B, and TCSC (thyristor controlled series capacitor)-based POD (power oscillation damping) controller is proposed. Although the recently employed coordination between a CPSS (conventional power system stabilizer) and a TCSC-based POD controller has been shown to improve power system damping characteristics, neglecting the negative impact of existing high-gain AVR on the damping torque by considering its parameters as given values, may reduce the effectiveness of a CPSS-POD controller. Thus, using a technologically viable stabilizer such as PSS2B rather than the CPSS in a coordinated scheme with an AVR and POD controller can constitute a well-established design with a structure that as a high potential to significantly improve the rotor angle stability. The design procedure is formulated as an optimization problem in which the ITSE (integral of time multiplied squared error) performance index as an objective function is minimized by employing an IPSO (improved particle swarm optimization) algorithm to tune adjustable parameters. The robustness of the coordinated designs is guaranteed by concurrently considering some operating conditions in the optimization process. To evaluate the performance of the proposed controllers, eigenvalue analysis and time domain simulations were performed for different operating points and perturbations simulated on 2A4M (two-area four-machine) power systems in MATLAB/Simulink. The results reveal that surpassing improvement in damping of oscillations is achieved in comparison with the CPSS-TCSC coordination.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• 제20권12호
• /
• pp.2218-2229
• /
• 2006

A conservative finite-volume numerical method for unstructured grids with the cell-centered method has been developed for computing flow and heat transfer by combining the attractive features of the existing pressure-based procedures with the advances made in unstructured grid techniques. This method uses an integral form of governing equations for arbitrary convex polyhedra. Care is taken in the discretization and solution procedure to avoid formulations that are cell-shape-specific. A collocated variable arrangement formulation is developed, i.e. all dependent variables such as pressure and velocity are stored at cell centers. For both convective and diffusive fluxes the forms superior to both accuracy and stability are particularly adopted and formulated through a systematic study on the existing approximation ones. Gradients required for the evaluation of diffusion fluxes and for second-order-accurate convective operators are computed by using a linear reconstruction based on the divergence theorem. Momentum interpolation is used to prevent the pressure checkerboarding and a segregated solution strategy is adopted to minimize the storage requirements with the pressure-velocity coupling by the SIMPLE algorithm. An algebraic solver using iterative preconditioned conjugate gradient method is used for the solution of linearized equations. The flow analysis code (PowerCFD) developed by the present method is evaluated for its application to several 2-D structured-mesh benchmark problems using a variety of unstructured quadrilateral and triangular meshes. The present flow analysis code by using unstructured grids with the cell-centered method clearly demonstrate the same accuracy and robustness as that for a typical structured mesh.

• 한국항공우주학회지
• /
• 제33권5호
• /
• pp.18-27
• /
• 2005

세로 정안정성이 우수한 지면효과익기 익형을 최적설계하였다. NURBS 형상함수를 사용하여 형상을 설계하고 Navier-Stokes 해석을 통해 공력특성을 해석하였으며, 반응표면법을 사용하여 최적화하였다. 수치계산 효율성을 증대하고 상용 설계/해석 코드 기반의 자동화된 최적화를 위하여 네트워크 분산환경을 구현한 설계최적화 프레임워크를 사용하였다. 양력 최대화 설계 결과로서 기존의 DHMTU 익형과 유사한 안정성 특성을 가지며 양력특성이 개선된 익형을 얻었으며, 강화된 전방하중 특성과 후방의 반전된 캠버선이 특징적으로 나타났다. 이수 중의 피칭모멘트 변화폭이 감소된 익형도 설계하였으며, 전방하중 경향이 약화되고 양력도 약간 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 기존의 포텐셜 유동에 기반한 설계최적화 결과와 비교함으로써 실용적이며 실제로 구현 가능한 공력특성의 개선을 위해서는 반드시 점성을 고려해서 설계를 해야하며 다양한 익형을 생성시킬 수 있는 형상설계 기능의 중요성을 확인하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제39권3호
• /
• pp.427-447
• /
• 2011

The progressive collapse phenomenon is generally regarded as dynamic. Due to the impracticality of nonlinear dynamic computations for practitioners, an interest arises for the development of equivalent static pushover procedures. The present paper proposes a methodology to identify such a procedure for sudden column removals, using energetic evaluations to determine the pushover loads to apply. In a dynamic context, equality between the cumulated external and internal works indicates a vanishing kinetic energy. If such a state is reached, the structure is sometimes assumed able to withstand the column removal. Approximations of these works can be estimated using a static computation, leading to an estimate of the displacements at the zero kinetic energy configuration. In comparison with other available procedures based on such criteria, the present contribution identifies loading patterns to associate with the zero-kinetic energy criterion to avoid a single-degree-of-freedom idealisation. A parametric study over a family of regular steel structures of varying sizes uses non-linear dynamic computations to assess the proposed pushover loading pattern for the cases of central and lateral ground floor column failure. The identified quasi-static loading schemes are shown to allow detecting nearly all dynamically detected plastic hinges, so that the various beams are provided with sufficient resistance during the design process. A proper accuracy is obtained for the plastic rotations of the most plastified hinges almost independently of the design parameters (loads, geometry, robustness), indicating that the methodology could be extended to provide estimates of the required ductility for the beams, columns, and beam-column connections.