• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.292-305
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• 2017

This paper provides the current status of weed science and prospects for the development of weed science based on the research trends presented at the 26th Asian Pacific Weed Science Conference in 2017. Approximately 458 researchers from 25 countries, including Korea, participated in the conference and presented 325 papers in 20 research areas. Major research topics were herbicide resistance, herbicide use, herbicide development, weed ecology, allelopathy, weed management, and exotic weeds. Particularly, there were many presentations and interesting to researchers about the development and use of new herbicides, such as florpyauxifen-benzyl ester, triafamone, fenquinotrione, and tolpyralate. Development of new herbicide formulations and spray methods were suggested as a solution for the population decline in rural area and low labor quality especially in Asia and Pacific regions. In future weedy rice and exotic weeds will be a serious problem in this area so we need to cooperate to make good technical and practical solutions.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.69-78
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• 2007

Constructed wetlands and other aquatic systems have been successfully used for waste and wastewater treatment in either temperate or tropical regions. To treat waste or wastewater in a sustainable manner, the integrated eco-engineering designs are explained in this paper with 2 case studies: (i) a combination of vertical-flow constructed wetland (CW) with plant irrigation systemfor fecal sludge management and (ii) integrated CW units with landscaping at full-scale application for domestic wastewater treatment. The pilot-scale study of fecal sludge management employed 3 vertical-flow CW units, each with a dimension of $5{\times}5{\times}0.65m$ (width ${\times}$ length ${\times}$ media depth) and planted with cattails (Typha augustifolia). At the solid loading rate of 250 kg total solids (TS)/$m^2.yr$ and a 6-day percolate impoundment, the CW system could achieve chemical oxygen demand (COD), TS and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) removal efficiencies in the range of 80 - 96%. The accumulated sludge layers of about 80 - 90 cm was found at the CW bed surface after operating the CW units for 7 years, but no clogging problem has been observed. The CW percolate was applied to 16 irrigation Sunflower plant (Helianthus annuus) plots, each with a dimension of $4.5{\times}4.5m$ ($width{\times}length$). In the study, the CW percolate were fed to the treatment plots at the application rate of 7.5 mm/day but the percolate was mixed with tap water at different ratio of 20%, 80% and 100%. Based on a 1-year data of 3-crop plantation were experimented, the contents of Zn, Mn and Cu in soil of the experimental plots were found to increase with increasing in CW percolate ratios. The highest plant biomass yield and oil content of 1,000 kg/ha and 35%, respectively, were obtained from the plots fed with 20% or 50% of the CW percolate, whereas no accumulation of heavy metals in the plant tissues (i.e. leaves, stems and flowers) of the sunflower is found. In addition to the pilot-scale and field experiments, a case study of the integrated CW systems for wastewater treatment at Phi Phi Island (a Tsunami-hit area), Krabi province, Thailand is illustrated. The $5,200-m^2$ CW systems on Phi Phi Island are not only for treatment of $400m^3/day$ wastewater from hotels, households or other domestic activities, but also incorporating public consultation in the design processes, resulting in introducing the aesthetic landscaping as well as reusing of the treated effluent for irrigating green areas on the Island.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.23 no.5 s.83
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• pp.157-167
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• 2005

Seoul metropolitan public transport reform results in the introduction of the semi-public operation and distance-based fare policies. With implementation of these policies, public transport revenue allocation has been (will be) evolved very complicated because the existing revenue allocation issues have not only been clearly solved, which is generated by the combined relationship among Korea Railroad Corporation (KRC). Seoul Metropolitan Subway Corporation (SMSC). Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit Corporation (SMRTC), and Incheon Rapid Transit Corporation (IRTC), but also the revenue allocation problem between bus and urban railroad-related organizations need to be considered in this combined framework. On top of that. based on the future plans such as the private sector's railroad construction plan(s), the light rail transit construction plans of several local governments and the join of remained bus lines of Seoul metropolitan areas, it is understood that the revenue allocation among public transport operating organization will become one of main issues of operation organization as well as local and central governments. As a basic approach for revenue allocation of public transport operation organizations, the purpose of this paper is to propose an integrated model applicable to estimate degree of service contribution in passenger carriage in the combined public transport network. With a hypothesis that the complete electronic card system is deployed, this paper supposes every passenger's loading and alighting stations is recordable. Thereby, this paper limits research scope as to Seoul metropolitan railroad area since used route(s) between origin and destination stations can not be traceded because transfer stations each passenger path through is not recorded. Each model proposed in the paper is as follows: 1. a generalized cost reflecting passenger's transfer behavior; 2.a K path model for determining similar routes between O-D; 3.an assignment model for loading O-D trips onto the detected similar routes using Logit Model.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.9-21
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• 2004

In this paper, we proposed the image hiding method which decreases calculation amount by encrypt partial data using discrete wavelet transform and linear scale quantization which were adopted as the main technique for frequency transform in JPEG2000 standard. Also we used the chaotic system which has smaller calculation amount than other encryption algorithms and then dramatically decreased calculation amount. This method operates encryption process between quantization and entropy coding for preserving compression ratio of images and uses the subband selection method and the random changing method using the chaotic system. For ciphering the quantization index we use a novel image encryption algerian of cyclically shifted in the right or left direction and encrypts two quantization assignment method (Top-down/Reflection code), made change of data less. Also, suggested encryption method to JPEG2000 progressive transmission. The experiments have been performed with the proposed methods implemented in software for about 500 images. consequently, we are sure that the proposed are efficient image encryption methods to acquire the high encryption effect with small amount of encryption. It has been shown that there exits a relation of trade-off between the execution time and the effect of the encryption. It means that the proposed methods can be selectively used according to the application areas. Also, because the proposed methods are performed in the application layer, they are expected to be a good solution for the end-to-end security problem, which is appearing as one of the important problems in the networks with both wired and wireless sections.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.194-222
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• 1996

Various accidents and injuries are currently occurring in Korea at increasingly high rates. Good quality emergency care service is urgently needed to cope with these various forms of accidents and injuries. In order to develop a sound emergency care system, there need to be a plan to educate and train professionals specifically in emergency care. One solution for the on going problem would be to educate and train emergency clinical nurse specialists. This study on a strategy for curriculum development for emergency clinical nurse specialist was based on the following five content areas, developed from literature related to the curriculum of emergency nursing and emergency care situation : 1. Nurses working in the emergency rooms of three university hospitals were analyzed for six days to identify categories of nursing activities. 2. Two hundreds and eleven nurses working in the emergency rooms of 12 university hospitals were surveyed to identify needs for educational content that should be included in a curriculum for the clinical nurse specialist. 3. Examination of the environment in which emergency management was provided. 4. Identification of characteristics of patients in the emergency room. 5. The role of emergency clinical nurse specialist was identified through literature, recent data, and research materials. The following curriculum was formulated using the above mentioned process. 1. The philosophy of education for emergency clinical nurse specialist was established through a realistic philosophical framework. In this frame, client, environment, health, nursing, and learning have been defined. 2. The purpose of education is framed on individual development, social structure, nursing process and responsibility along with the role and function of the emergency clinical nurse specialist. 3. The central theme was based on human, environment, health and nursing. 4. The elements of structure in the curriculum content were divided to include two major threads, I, e., vertical and horizontal : The vertical thread to consist of the client, life cycle, education, research, leadership and consultation, and the horizontal thread to consist of level of nursing (prevention to rehabilitation), and health to illness based on the health care system developed by Betty Neuman system model. 5. Behavioral objectives for education were structured according to the emergency clinical nurse specialist role and function as a master degree prepared in various emergency settings. 6. The content of the curriculum consisted of three core courses(9 credits), five major courses(15 credits), six elective courses(12 credits) and six prerequisite courses (12 credits). Thus 48 credits are required. Recommendations : 1. To promote tile quality of the emergency care system, the number of emergency professionals, has to be expanded. Further the role and function of the emergency clinical nurse specialist needs to be specified in both the medical law and the Nursing Practice Act. 2. In order to upgrade the qualification of emergency clinical nurse specialists, the course should be given as part of the graduate Program. 3. Certification should be issued through the Korean Nurses Association.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.178-185
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• 2008

Living donor liver transplantation is increasingly performed as an alternative to cadaveric transplantation. Preoperative screening of the donor candidates is very important. The quality, size, and vascular and biliary anatomy of the liver are best assessed with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging or computed tomography (CT). In particular, the volume of the potential graft must be measured to ensure sufficient liver function after surgery. Preoperative liver segmentation has proved useful for measuring the graft volume before living donor liver transplantations in previous studies. In these studies, the liver segments were manually delineated on each image section. The delineated areas were multiplied by the section thickness to obtain volumes and summed to obtain the total volume of the liver segments. This process is tedious and time consuming. To compensate for this problem, automatic segmentation techniques have been proposed with multiplanar CT images. These methods involve the use of sequences of thresholding, morphologic operations (ie, mathematic operations, such as image dilation, erosion, opening, and closing, that are based on shape), and 3D region growing methods. These techniques are complex but require a few computation times. We made a phantom for volume measurement with pig and evaluated actual volume of spleen and liver of phantom. The results represent that our semiautomatic volume measurement algorithm shows a good accuracy and repeatability with actual volume of phantom and possibility for clinical use to assist physician as a measuring tool.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.61-67
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• 2017

Recently, CCTV has been combined with areas such as big data, artificial intelligence, and image analysis to detect various abnormal behaviors and to detect and analyze the overall situation of objects such as people. Image analysis research for this intelligent video surveillance function is progressing actively. However, CCTV images using 2D information generally have limitations such as object misrecognition due to lack of topological information. This problem can be solved by adding the depth information of the object created by using two cameras to the image. In this paper, we perform background modeling using Mixture of Gaussian technique and detect whether there are moving objects by segmenting the foreground from the modeled background. In order to perform the depth information-based segmentation using the RGB information-based segmentation results, stereo-based depth maps are generated using two cameras. Next, the RGB-based segmented region is set as a domain for extracting depth information, and depth-based segmentation is performed within the domain. In order to detect the center point of a robustly segmented object and to track the direction, the movement of the object is tracked by applying the CAMShift technique, which is the most basic object tracking method. From the experiments, we prove the efficiency of the proposed object detection and tracking method using the RGB-D model.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.85-111
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the need of the ideal human being and to establish ideal desirable state of affairs in the ideal portrait of a human being for pursuing in the home economics education. This study analyzed the deducted issue from the discussion about the human being in the educational research through the national curriculum and literature review. The desirable state of affairs established in this research are (1) it needs to reflect the feasibility aspect for actual implementation, (2) it needs to consider the contextual subject aspect, and (3) the curriculum view containing the philosophy of the subject, that is, critical science perspective shall be reflected on the desirable human being. The ideal portrait of a human being was stated, in the individual family, society nation, cultur e world according to subcategories. In addition, the stated ideal portrait of a human being was modified through expert consultations. The proposal was reexamined for the validity of the statement and restated as a comprehensive statement of an ideal portrait of a human being that included a restatement of the three areas. An ideal portrait of a human being pursuing in home economics education from a core value of curriculum stated as 'a person who has solved the practical problem actively'.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-22
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• 1988

The educational policy of a nation should be based on the results of nation-wide studies and their analyses. This study is the third one in a series of research on "development of improvement plan and monitoring system for secondary school science", focusing on the three major areas, such as students' achievements, science instruction and conditions for science education in vocational high schools. In general, the results showed that science achievements in vocational high schools were significantly lower than those of general high schools. While the achievement level in physics was lower by one percent, the achievement levels in chemistry and biology were significantly lower by more than 5 percents. In the case of scientific inquiry, the results showed much lower scores compared to those of general high schools. Concerning the inquiry abilities, most of the students did not possess the formal operational thinking skills such as controlling variables and combinatorial thinking. The ability of experimental skills seemed to be closely related to the students' majors. Students in industrial arts schools could measure electric resistance very well, while students in agricultural high school students failed completely. In the area of students' attitude toward science, the greater part of the students had the experiences of using scientific equipments (68.6 %), experimentation (54.3 %), and extracurricular science activities (56.9 %). They also showed positive attitude towards the nature of science (59.8%). The results of the survey on science instruction and school conditions for science education showed the needs for improvement In general, the priority of science education in vocational high schools was very low compared to their major subjects. The teachers as well as students thought science text books nor to be difficult These responses and the low achievement levels seemed to be contradictory to each other. The facilities for science experiments were better equipped and installed to general high schools. However. the lack of budget was a major problem for performing experiments uning the facilities. Therefore. science education in vocational high school have many things to be improved For the improvement of science education in vocational high schools, financial support as well as the intention for the improvement must be the essential factors.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.124-128
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• 2009

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM. How the ISQ values measured by $Osstell^{TM}$ and $Osstell^{TM}$ Mentor are related, and whether the ISQ values acquired from the two machines changes in accordance with changes in implant stability are not yet fully understood. PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to find out correlation between the ISQ values acquired from $Osstell^{TM}$ and $Osstell^{TM}$ Mentor, and to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and accuracy of two devices. MATERIAL AND METHODS. Sixty two implants were inserted into 47 patients, and their ISQ values were measured using $Osstell^{TM}$ and $Osstell^{TM}$ Mentor. In the first stage surgery, the ISQ values of forty four implants inserted into thirty five patients were measured. In the second stage surgery, the values of fifty implants inserted into thirty seven patients were measured. The values were analyzed to determine the difference between the mean ISQ values of $Osstell^{TM}$ and $Osstell^{TM}$ Mentor. In addition, the correlation between implants used in the first and second stage of surgery with regard to their types and areas of insertion were analyzed. The difference between the ISQ values of 32 implants in each patient during the first and second stage was analyzed. The statistical assessment was carried out using SPSS V. 12.0 for Win. (SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA). The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to examine the correlation between $Osstell^{TM}$ and $Osstell^{TM}$ Mentor in the first and second stages of surgery, whereas the difference between their ISQ values was evaluated using a paired t-test. RESULTS. In the first stage, the mean ISQ value for $Osstell^{TM}$ and $Osstell^{TM}$ Mentor was 70.84 and 75.09, respectively, showing a significant difference (P < .01). In the second stage, the mean ISQ value of $Osstell^{TM}$ and $Osstell^{TM}$ Mentor was 71.76 and 75.94, respectively, also showing a significant difference (P < .01). The difference between the ISQ values in patients in the first and the second stages was significant with both instruments. CONCLUSION. The significant difference in the values obtained using the $Osstell^{TM}$ and $Osstell^{TM}$ Mentor between the first and second stages of implant surgery indicates that these values can be a convenient and precise way for evaluating the implant stability in clinical practice.