• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.294-298
• /
• 2012

In sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) growing there are several severe problem which have to be overcome to produce highly graded fruits because of fruit rots and fruit crackings, if there is frequent precipitation during immature fruit step and picking season. In order to reduce fungicide sprayings and produce qualified fruits in areas with rainy season like as South Korea, rain-sheltered growing is necessary absolutely. Sweet cherry blooms early to medium April in southern area of South Korea. If we depend on honeybees (Apis mellifera) distributed in natural ecosystem, it is not easy to get normal fruit-set every season because of low temperature around blooming time. And also bee keepers seldom sell honeybee hives as a pollinator during spring, instead they keep honeybee hives to get honey. Recently use of B. terrestris as a pollinator of cherry tomato, oriental pumpkin etc. grown in protected cultivation system increase abundantly. Therefore, in this study we studied B. terrestris as an alternate of honeybee to pollinate sweet cherry grown in rain shelter. In part of foraging activity B. terrestris shows staying on a cherry flower for about six second and visiting frequency of 11 flowers per minute. However A. mellifera stayed about 15 second on a flower and visited 4~5 flowers per minute. There were no significant difference in fruit-setting rate and fruit characteristics after using B. terrestris and A. mellifera as pollinators of sweet cherry. Consequently there is no negative effect when we use B. terrestris as an alternate pollinator of A. mellifera in sweet cherry cultivation under rain shelter.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.23-34
• /
• 2012

As the quality of life grows, the role of cultural facilities in urban areas is becoming more important. However, due to various reasons, the location of these facilities shows the geographical imbalance between urban regions. Even though provision of road network can improve this kind of urban problem, in many countries, the provision of urban infrastructure plays a role which is magnifies the cultural gap between regions and socio-economic classes. The findings of this study are as follows. First of all, the inequality of accessibility to cultural facilities is shown over the period. Cross-sectional data shows that the higher the income of a region, the higher the accessibility index(AI) of the zone to cultural facilities at any time. Next, the provision of road network contributes the improvement of AI of high income region. Finally the provision of new facilities has a tendency that these kind of facilities are located to make AI of high income zone better. It means that the decision making by city government intensifies the geographical inequality. This result would be very useful in the decision making process for determining the number and the location of cultural facilities and other similar urban infrastructure as well. Also it will be helpful for the selection of optimal location which considered not only physical distances but also social equalities.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.378-386
• /
• 2014

The use of bus stop in the center lane has reduced the emissions of exhaust gas on the road due to the improvement of the traffic speed but has caused a health problem for the citizens who are waiting for the bus in the platform, and thus the air pollution control of bus stop in the center lane is emerging as a more important part. This study was conducted to investigate the air pollution degree for the center lane-bus stops in four regions using mobile air measuring vehicle, and to evaluate the characteristics of air pollution by comparing with the data measured at the urban air monitoring site close to the bus stops. In addition, the correlation analysis was performed to analyze the impact to neighboring region by vehicle exhaust gas. The regional mean concentration of nitrogen dioxide in the center lane-bus stops ranged from 0.025 to 0.043 ppm which shows from 2.5 times to 5.3 times higher than the values of urban air monitoring site selected as a control group. The regional mean concentration of ozone in the center lane-bus stops ranged from 0.023 to 0.034 ppm which shows from 3% to 28% lower than the values of urban air monitoring site selected as a control group. The concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and ozone for the sampling regions did not exceed one hour-air quality environmental standard (0.1 ppm). The mean concentration of particulate matter for four center lane-bus stops was $28{\mu}g/m^3$ which shows about 27% higher than the values of urban air monitoring site selected as a control group, and that of particulate matter did not exceed one day-air quality environmental standard ($100{\mu}g/m^3$). In the results of correlation analysis between data from center lane-bus stops and data from urban air monitoring sites, the correlation coefficient (r) of nitrogen dioxide was relatively low as 0.316 to 0.416, and the correlation coefficient was high as the distance was close and vice versa. However, the correlation coefficient of ozone ranged from 0.167 to 0.658 and the correlation coefficient was high as the distance was far and vice versa.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.117-131
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study was to compare of freshmen's cognitive frames about the 'Crisis of the Earth' upon taking the Earth science I course in high school to confirm if they reflect the goal of the curriculum reasonably. Data were collected from 67 freshmen who graduated from high school. All participants were asked to express about the 'Crisis of the Earth' in painting with explanation, then we picked meaningful units from paintings. We analyzed the words and frames presented in the paintings using the Semantic Network Analysis. Result are as follows. First, when both groups' (one that took the course vs. the other that did not take it) built their cognitive frames for the 'crisis of the Earth', they reasonably connected areas that are composed of the global environment and they understood that their relation was constantly changing by interacting each other. Second, when configuring a cognitive frame about the 'crisis of the Earth', both groups reflected the characteristics of interrelationship with human activities. In particular, the group that took the course of Earth Science I fully reflected the goal of the curriculum. It is suggested that students recognize the 'crisis of the Earth' not only from a cosmic perspective bot also from the Earth's interior since most of students have strongly connected it to the phenomenon of the Earth's interior rather than the Earth's outward symptoms. In addition, it is recommended that the Earth science curriculum put more emphasis on understanding the importance of problem-solving of the Earth's crisis.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.14 no.5
• /
• pp.85-93
• /
• 2016

Convergent education is essential to develop consilient thinking skills, ability to recreate information and knowledge, and problem-solving skills which are demanded in society of convergent knowledge. Accordingly, this study is going to develop a convergent class model of augmented reality and art based on consilient knowledge. Teaching model is designed based on the ADDIE model, which was operated by opening a real class in order to verify the validity. The result showed a high satisfaction of learners showed the ability to adapt to the major areas associated with the cultivation of learners. Characteristics of augmented reality medium were found to enable learners to analyze a new phenomenon and to fuse the necessary knowledge by inducing them to actively interact by the their intention in learning. Therefore, it is possible to cultivate creative and convergent persons of ability equipped with more flexible and creative thinking ability and discernment through deepened education for recognizing and understanding convergent cases between art and scientific technology. There is a study on the validation and the convergence of different subjects in terms of a variety of aspects, left behind of this study.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.402-413
• /
• 2001

Food safety is a term broadly applied to food quality that may adversely affect human health. These include zoonotic diseases and acute and chronic effects of ingesting natural and human-made xenobiotics. There are two major areas of concern over the presence of residues of antibiotics in animal-derived foodstuffs with regard to human health. The first is allergic reactions. Some antibiotics, such as penicillins can evoke allergic reactions even though small amounts of them are ingested or exposed by parenteral routes. The second is development of antibiotic resistance in gut bacteria of human. Recently multi-resistant pneumococcal, glycopeptide-resistant enterococci and gram negative bacteria with extended-spectrum $\beta$-lactamases have spread all over the world, and are now a serious therapeutic problem in human. Although it is evident that drugs are required in the efficient production of meat, milk and eggs, their indiscriminate use should never be substituted for hygienic management of farm. Drug should be used only when they are required. In addition to veterinary drugs, environmental contaminants that were contaminated in feed, water and air can make residues in animal products. Mycotoxins, heavy metals, pesticides, herbicides and other chemicals derived from industries can be harmful both to animal and human health. Most of organic contaminants, such as dioxin, PCBs and DDT, and metals are persistent in environment and biological organisms and can be accumulated in fat and hard tissues. Some of them are suspected to have endocrine disrupting, carcinogenic, teratogenic, immunodepressive and nervous effects. The governmental agencies concerned make efforts to prevent residue problems; approval of drugs including withdrawal times of each preparation of drugs, establishment of tolerances, guidelines regarding drug use and sanitation enforcement of livestock products. National residue program is conducted to audit the status of the chemical residues in foods. Recently HACCP has been introduced to promote food safety from farm to table by reducing hazardous biological, chemical and physical factors. Animal Production Food Safety Program, Quality Assurance Programs, Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank are para- or non-governmental activities ensuring food safety. This topic will cover classification and usage or sources of chemical residues, their adverse effects, and chemical residue status of some countries. Issues are expanded to residue detection methodologies, toxicological and pharmacokinetic backgrounds of MRL and withdrawal time establishments, and the importance of non-governmental activities with regard to reducing chemical residues in food.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.501-508
• /
• 2014

Objectives: This study identified the general characteristics of asbestos inspection/analysis laboratories in Korea and confirmed the actual situations in terms of technical aspects from these characteristics. In addition, given the background of the current problem, it offers preliminary data for determining future plans for improvement. Methods: A questionnaire was developed and distributed to the asbestos inspection/analysis laboratories that used the ISO/IEC 17025 for asbestos sampling and testing by UKAS(United Kingdom Accreditation Service) and the Korea Laboratory Accreditation Scheme(KOLAS). A total of 202 institutions in Korea were selected for the study and 145(71.8%) questionnaires were returned. Results: The number of personnel of the surveyed institutions averaged $4.2{\pm}2$ and 79.3% operated with less than five persons. In terms of education, the capital and other densely populated areas showed a high level of education(p<0.05). The level of education and facilities were determined by the magnitude of the institution(p<0.05). Institutions managed by highly educated directors were well-stocked with education and facilities(p<0.05). Institutions which had directors with considerable experiences received high scores overall and in particular higher scores in terms of education and facilities(p<0.05). At the level of the bottom five percent, the factor of education was 40.4% while the factor of measurement 49%, the factor of analysis 59%, the factor of facilities 61%, and the factor of survey 81%, respectively. Conclusions: To improve the quality of the institutions, in the short term, the problems identified in this study can be used to revise the related regulations. In the long term, a grading system of survey institutions needs to be established through the introduction of an accreditation system. However, the ongoing support of a government agency is required, including holding seminars and open education, suggesting guidelines for operation of asbestos inspection/analysis labs, and other means.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.157-163
• /
• 2013

Data mining is a useful technology that can support new discoveries based on the pattern analysis and a variety of linkages between data, and currently is utilized in various fields such as finance, marketing, medical. In this paper, we propose an effective utilization method of data based on analysis of spatial data mining. We make use of basic data of foreigners living in Seoul. However, the data has some features distinguished from other areas of data, classification as sensitive information and legal problem such as personal information protection. So, we use the basic statistical data that does not contain personal information. The main features and contributions of the proposed method are as follows. First, we can use Big Data as information through a variety of ways and can classify and cluster Big Data through refinement. Second. we can use these kinds of information for decision-making of future and new patterns. In the performance evaluation, we will use visual approach through graph of themes. The results of performance evaluation show that the analysis using data mining technology can support new discoveries of patterns and results.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.50-60
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study is to identify characteristics and improvements of the climate change vulnerability analysis methods to build a safe city from disasters. For this, an empirical analysis on sea level rise disasters was performed focusing on Heaundae-gu in Busan. For the analysis, Census output areas and Dongs were set as analysis unit and their disaster vulnerability was analyzed. Improvements were reviewed through the comparison and review of analysis process and results. According to analysis results, Modifiable Areal Unit Problem(MAUP) which gives different results according to aggregate unit occurs. Improvements were induced by analysis process, and it was found that in spatial unit setting stage that becomes the base of analysis, analysis unit adjustment, score computation method adjustment, and clearer analysis method for each disaster type would be needed. In analysis execution stage, it was thought that weighting according to variables, diversification of variables, and exclusion of subjective analysis selection method would be needed. It is expected that accurate the total disaster vulnerability analysis will be the base for the improvement of efficiency in urban resilience responding to future weather changes.

• Korean Security Journal
• /
• no.40
• /
• pp.175-207
• /
• 2014

This paper focuses on the study of a development direction of the industrial security Expert system. First of all, in order to manage Industrial security system, we need to have law, criminology, business and engineering professionals as well as IT experts, which are the multi-dimensional convergence professionals. Secondly, industrial organizations need to have workforce who can perform security strategy; security plan; security training; security services; or security system management and operations. Industrial security certification system can contribute to cultivate above mentioned professional workforce. Currently Industrial Security Expert(ISE) is a private qualification. However, the author argued that it have to be changed to national qualification. In addition, it is necessary that the system should be given credibility with verifying the personnel whether they are proper or not in the their field. In terms of quality innovation, it is also necessary that distinguish the levels of utilization of rating system of the industrial security coordinator through a long-term examination. With respect to grading criteria, we could consider the requirements as following: whether they must hold the degree of the industrial security-related areas of undergraduate or postgraduate (or to be); what or how many industrial security-related courses they should complete through a credit bank system. If the plan of completing certain industrial security-related credits simply through the credit bank system, without establishing a new industrial security-related department, has established, then industrial security study would be spreaded and advanced. For private certification holders, the problem of the qualification succeeding process is important matter. Additionally, it is necessary to introduce the certifying system of ISMS(Industrial Security Management System) which is a specialized system for protecting industrial technology. To sum up, when the industrial security management system links the industrial security management certification, industrial security would realize in the companies and research institutions dealing with national key technology. Then, a group synergy effect would occurs.